100 Questions
According to the model of critical thinking discussed in the text, what are the primary inhibitory sources for avoiding critical thinking?
Negative affective consequences
What might be a positive outcome of critical thinking?
Positive affect
What is a potential reason why some individuals may not experience negative affect associated with critical thinking?
It is not mentioned in the text
Why might increased use of critical thinking be realized?
To achieve positive rewards
What are some potential negative affective reactions that individuals may experience during critical thinking?
Increased effort
What is a characteristic of critical thinking compared to System 1 processing?
It is a more desirable means to achieve judgment
What are some individual characteristics represented in the model as predisposing individual differences?
Intellectual laziness and cowardice
What is one of the reasons why critical thinking is avoided?
Positive affective consequences
What is a potential result of engaging in critical thinking for a substantive length of time?
Mental fatigue
What is a potential counter to the negative affect experienced during critical thinking?
Positive affect
Which system is used to solve the task of understanding an intent statement?
Both System 1 and System 2
Which strategy would be a mistake to encourage?
The exclusive use of critical thinking
Based on the text, why are critical thinking skills important?
They can provide necessary checks on the products of System 1
Which statement about the effectiveness of System 1 and System 2 is true?
Both systems are almost always used in conjunction
What is the general consensus in the literature regarding critical thinking?
It is rarely used by individuals
What are some observations that support the reluctance of individuals to engage in critical thinking?
Incoherent reasoning and nonsensical beliefs
What is one of the central topics discussed in the literature?
The increase in the application of critical thinking
Why does the public seem disinclined to use critical thinking?
Lack of belief in the effectiveness of critical thinking
What should not be confused with the system used to solve a particular situation?
The task posed by the situation
What determines the quality of a solution?
How well System 1 and System 2 interact
According to the model of critical thinking discussed in the text, what are the primary inhibitory sources for avoiding critical thinking?
Negative affective consequences
What is a potential result of engaging in critical thinking for a substantive length of time?
Mental fatigue
What is one of the reasons why critical thinking is avoided?
Intellectual laziness
What are some potential negative affective reactions that individuals may experience during critical thinking?
Increased anxiety
What is a characteristic of critical thinking compared to System 1 processing?
Less desirable means to achieve judgment
Why might increased use of critical thinking be realized?
Positive affective consequences
What determines the quality of a solution?
Positive affect
Which system is used to solve the task of understanding an intent statement?
System 2 processing
What is a potential counter to the negative affect experienced during critical thinking?
Positive affect
Based on the text, why are critical thinking skills important?
To solve difficult problems
Which system is not always the best solution to a task?
System 2
What is the main issue that determines the quality of a solution?
The interaction between System 1 and System 2
What is a potential drawback of exclusively developing associational processes?
Inability to produce superior solutions
Why is it not advisable to encourage the exclusive use of critical thinking?
It denies the power and effectiveness of System 1
What is the general consensus in the literature regarding individuals and critical thinking?
They are reluctant to engage in critical thinking
What is a characteristic of critical thinking that is observed in various populations?
Incoherent reasoning
What is one of the central topics discussed in the literature regarding critical thinking?
The importance of critical thinking in various populations
What is a potential reason why the public seems disinclined to use critical thinking?
Lack of awareness about critical thinking
What is a potential outcome of engaging in critical thinking for a substantive length of time?
Improved decision-making
What are some observations that support the reluctance of individuals to engage in critical thinking?
Lack of respect for evidence and poor reasoning test scores
According to the model of critical thinking discussed in the text, what are the primary inhibitory sources for avoiding critical thinking?
Negative affective consequences associated with critical thinking
What is a potential reason why the public seems disinclined to use critical thinking?
Negative affective reactions experienced during critical thinking
What are some individual characteristics represented in the model as predisposing individual differences?
Intellectual laziness, arrogance, and cowardice
What is a potential outcome of engaging in critical thinking for a substantive length of time?
Mental fatigue, increased effort, increased anxiety, cognitive dissonance, and decreased self-esteem
What determines the quality of a solution?
The effectiveness of critical thinking
What is a characteristic of critical thinking compared to System 1 processing?
Critical thinking requires more effort
What is the general consensus in the literature regarding individuals and critical thinking?
Individuals are generally disinclined to engage in critical thinking
What is one of the central topics discussed in the literature regarding critical thinking?
The negative affective consequences of critical thinking
Which system is believed to be almost always used in conjunction with System 2 to produce a solution?
System 1
What is a potential drawback of exclusively developing associational processes?
Increased mental fatigue
What is a potential drawback of exclusively developing associational processes?
Incoherent reasoning
What might be a positive outcome of critical thinking?
Positive affect resulting from critical thinking
What is the central topic discussed in the literature regarding critical thinking?
The disinclination of the public to use critical thinking
What is one of the reasons why critical thinking is avoided?
Unsupported decision-making
What is the general consensus in the literature regarding individuals and critical thinking?
Individuals are reluctant to engage in critical thinking
What determines the quality of a solution?
The effective interaction of System 1 and System 2
What is one of the central topics discussed in the literature regarding critical thinking?
The disinclination of the public to use critical thinking
Why is it not advisable to encourage the exclusive use of critical thinking?
It denies the power and effectiveness of System 1
Which system is not always the best solution to a task?
System 2
What is one of the reasons why critical thinking is avoided?
Unsupported decision-making
According to the model of critical thinking discussed in the text, individuals who engage in critical thinking for any substantive length of time are likely to experience ______ affective reactions.
negative
The process of critical thinking can produce mental ______, increased effort, increased anxiety, cognitive dissonance, and decreased self-esteem.
fatigue
Negative affect experienced during an episode of critical thinking might be countered by ______ affect that is the result of a positive outcome.
positive
Some individuals may not experience associated negative affect; but at the very least, by definition, critical thinking requires more ______ than System 1 processing.
effort
Critical thinking is a less desirable means to achieve judgment in that ______ sense compared to System 1 processing.
limited
The model posits that ______ who engage in critical thinking for any substantive length of time are likely to experience negative affective reactions.
individuals
The model of critical thinking posits that negative affective consequences associated with the application of critical thinking are the primary inhibitory ______.
sources
Some theorists posit that individual characteristics, such as intellectual laziness, arrogance and cowardice, are the reasons why critical thinking is ______.
avoided
The model of critical thinking discussed in the text posits that negative affective consequences are the primary inhibitory sources for avoiding ______ thinking.
critical
The model posits that negative affective consequences associated with the application of critical ______ are the primary inhibitory sources.
thinking
The task posed by a particular situation should not be confused with the ______ that is used to solve it.
system
For example, one may have the task of understanding an intent statement that could be achieved using ______ processes of System 1 or controlled skills powered by System 2.
associational
Therefore, an individual who is trying to understand an intent statement may or may not be using ______ thinking to do so.
critical
Even more important, the application of ______ thinking skills driven by System 2 does not always produce the best solution to a task.
critical
It would be a mistake to encourage the exclusive use of ______ thinking because that strategy would deny the power and effectiveness of System 1.
critical
Similarly, it is not advisable to only develop ______ processes because controlled deliberate reasoning can both produce superior solutions and provide necessary checks on the products of System 1.
associational
Moreover, the issue of which system is most effective is practically irrelevant because most theorists believe that both are almost always used in ______ to produce a solution.
conjunction
Hence, the real issue that determines the quality of a solution is how well the two systems ______.
interact
There is a general consensus in the literature that individuals are reluctant to engage in ______ thinking.
critical
This is based on widespread observation of incoherent reasoning, nonsensical beliefs, lack of respect for evidence, poor reasoning test scores, and unsupported decision-making in various ______.
populations
The model of critical thinking discussed in the text posits that negative affective consequences are the primary inhibitory sources for avoiding ______ thinking.
critical
The task posed by a particular situation should not be confused with the ______ that is used to solve it.
system
Even more important, the application of ______ thinking skills driven by System 2 does not always produce the best solution to a task.
critical
The model posits that ______ who engage in critical thinking for any substantive length of time are likely to experience negative affective reactions.
individuals
What is one of the central topics discussed in the ______ regarding critical thinking?
literature
The model posits that negative affective consequences associated with the application of critical ______ are the primary inhibitory sources.
thinking
What might be a positive outcome of ______ thinking?
critical
What is a potential counter to the negative affect experienced during critical ______?
thinking
What is one of the central topics discussed in the ______?
literature
Why does the public seem disinclined to use ______ thinking?
critical
The model of critical thinking discussed here posits that negative affective consequences associated with the application of critical thinking are the primary inhibitory ______.
sources
For example, the process can produce mental fatigue, increased effort, increased anxiety, cognitive dissonance, and decreased ______.
self-esteem
Some individuals, then, may not experience associated negative affect; but at the very least, by definition, critical thinking requires more ______ than System 1 processing.
effort
Some theorists posit that individual characteristics, such as intellectual laziness, arrogance and cowardice, are the reasons why critical thinking is ______.
avoided
Hence, the real issue that determines the quality of a solution is how well the two systems ______.
integrate
Similarly, it is not advisable to only develop ______ processes because controlled deliberate reasoning can both produce superior solutions and provide necessary checks on the products of System 1.
automatic
The model posits that individuals who engage in critical thinking for any substantive length of time are likely to experience negative affective ______.
reactions
The model of critical thinking posits that negative affective consequences associated with the application of critical thinking are the primary inhibitory ______.
sources
Some theorists posit that individual characteristics, such as intellectual laziness, arrogance and cowardice, are the reasons why it is ______.
avoided
Some individuals, then, may not experience associated negative affect; but at the very least, by definition, critical thinking requires more ______ than System 1 processing.
effort
"Test Your Understanding: Differentiating Task and System in Problem Solving" - Assess your knowledge on distinguishing between the task at hand and the cognitive system used to solve it. Explore how critical thinking plays a role in understanding intent statements.
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