Questions and Answers
What is a descriptive statistic that could be used to estimate the number of women out of 1000 in the population who have tissue abnormalities?
15.8 women out of each 1,000 developed tissue abnormalities.
What is the estimate of the number of women out of 1000 who would be expected to have tissue abnormalities for women whose mothers did not take the drug DES during pregnancy?
7.9 abnormalities per 1,000 women.
Why do medical studies often use a relatively large sample?
Large samples are needed to collect data on a reasonable number of cases where the disease exists.
What is the population for the survey you will be conducting about lifestyle priorities?
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How might data for the lifestyle priorities survey be collected?
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To what population does the statistic 58% related to the use of texting apply?
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To what population does the statistic 25% related to texting apply?
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Did the Pew researchers conduct a census or a sample survey to obtain their results?
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The average midterm grade for the sample of five students is 77.
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The average midterm grade for all students who took the exam is 77.
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An estimate of the average midterm grade for all students who took the exam is 77.
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More than half of the students who take this exam will score between 70 and 85.
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If five other students are included in the sample, their grades will be between 65 and 90.
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How many variables are in the Compact SUVs data set?
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Which of the variables are categorical, and which are quantitative in the Compact SUVs data set?
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What percentage of these 15 vehicles are recommended?
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What is the average of the overall miles per gallon across all 15 vehicles?
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What are the differences between statistics as numerical facts and statistics as a discipline?
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How many elements are in the tablet computers data set?
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How many variables are in the tablet computers data set?
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Which of the following are categorical variables in the tablet computers data set? (Select all that apply)
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What is the measurement scale for Cost ($)?
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What is the average cost for the tablets?
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What percentage of tablets use a CPU manufactured by TI OMAP?
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How many elements are in the phone data set?
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Which variables are categorical in the phone data set? (Select all that apply)
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What is the average price for the phones?
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What percentage of the phones have a voice quality of excellent?
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What questions were asked in the J.D. Power Initial Quality Survey?
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What type of data does Delta's customer survey collect? (Select all that apply)
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What was the sample size for the Readership Poll?
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How many individuals said they would want the constitutional amendment to pass?
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What is the population being studied in the Pew Research study?
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Is the data from the investment manager survey categorical or quantitative?
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What is the average expected return over the next 12 months for equities according to the survey?
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What is the primary reason for visitors' trip to Hawaii?
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What is the trend in Facebook's annual advertising revenue?
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What might the expected length of time be for technology stocks to resume growth according to investment managers?
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Study Notes
Statistics Overview
- Statistics represents numerical facts and encompasses the field dealing with data collection, analysis, presentation, and interpretation.
Tablet Computers Comparison
- Dataset includes 10 tablet computers, representing individual elements.
- Key variables: Cost ($), Operating System, Display Size (inches), Battery Life (hours), and CPU Manufacturer with five variables total.
- Categorical Variables: Operating System, CPU Manufacturer; Quantitative Variables: Cost, Display Size, Battery Life.
- Measurement Scales: Cost ($), Display Size, and Battery Life use Ratio; Operating System and CPU Manufacturer use Nominal.
Tablet PCs Cost Insights
- Average cost calculated at $582.90 across ten tablets.
- Windows tablets average $723.20 while Android tablets average $428.50, indicating a significant cost difference.
- TI OMAP CPU usage is at 20%, and 40% of tablets use an Android operating system.
Phone Comparison
- Dataset includes data for eight phones with Overall Score (0-100) and Voice Quality ratings (5 categories).
- Elements correspond to eight models; Categorical Variables: Voice Quality, Handset on Base; Quantitative Variables: Price, Overall Score, Talk Time.
- Measurement scales used: Price (Ratio), Overall Score (Interval), Voice Quality (Ordinal), Handset on Base (Nominal), Talk Time (Ratio).
Phone Data Averaging
- Average price of phones is $68.13, while average talk time is 8.875 hours.
- 25% of phones rated excellent in voice quality.
Automobile Owners Survey
- Survey querying vehicle purchase or lease, price paid, exterior attractiveness (categorical), average miles per gallon (quantitative), and overall vehicle rating (quantitative).
Airline Customer Satisfaction
- Customer survey data are categorical, specifically using a nominal scale with five distinct response categories for recommending Delta Air Lines.
Readership Poll
- Sample size for poll is 762 respondents.
- Categorical data collected with responses Yes, No, or Not Sure.
- Percentages are more suitable for summarizing data, with 67% wanting the amendment to pass calculated at approximately 511 individuals.
College-Educated Workers
- Population: Employed individuals ages 25-29 in the U.S.
- Survey queried respondents on bachelor’s degree attainment, yielding categorical data (yes or no).
Driving with Cell Phones
- Responses collected as categorical data with percentage summary being more informative.
- Support against allowing hand-held cell phones while driving noted, with 69% strongly disagreeing.
Driverless Cars Expectation
- Majority expectation (53%) among 1,503 adults for common use in 10 years.
- Survey responses are categorical; 797 respondents expect common use in the next decade.
Hawaii Visitors Poll
- Population studied: Visitors entering Hawaii.
- Questionnaire is a good approach, yielding categorical data based on trip purpose and stay type.
Facebook Advertising Revenue
- Variable of interest: Facebook's annual advertising revenue; categorized as quantitative, represented as time series data.
- Observed trend shows increasing revenue over time.
Rental Car Fleet Size
- Time series graph construction required for rental car numbers across companies.
- Market share analysis indicates changing dynamics, with Hertz leading until 2009; Avis approaches parity by 2010.
Jewelry Sales Data
- Monthly jewelry sales data are quantitative and presented as time series.
- Sales typically peak in February, May, November, and December due to seasonal holidays.
Athletic Shoe Sales
- Sales data for Skechers is categorized as time series, indicating a linear growth trend over four years.
Salary Increase Decision
- Internal salary data compared against external data from labor departments or industry associations to justify a salary increase.
Tax Survey Insights
- Survey determined that approximately 67% of respondents plan to file taxes electronically.
- 612 responses used accountants, and data regarding preparation methods is categorical.
Magazine Subscriber Survey
- Population includes all North American Businessweek subscribers; annual income is quantitative, and credit card ownership is categorical.
- The survey is cross-sectional, yielding significant inferential outcomes regarding incomes and credit card usage.
Investment Manager Survey Results
- Key statistics revealed (e.g., 43% bullish sentiment) indicate expectations for stock market returns and sector performance.
- Inference for average expected return on equities is 11.2%, with anticipated 2.5 years for sustainable growth in tech stocks.
Cancer Research Study
- Populations studied: Women whose mothers took DES versus those who did not.
- Survey data indicated higher tissue abnormality prevalence among those exposed to DES.
- Estimation methods provided for both populations demonstrate the study's statistical rigor.
Reasons for Relocation
- Survey revealed that 20% of U.S. homeowners either moved or desired to move due to lifestyle mismatches in their neighborhood.
- Key lifestyle priorities emphasized convenience, safety, community, and cultural access, influencing moving decisions.### Real Estate Agency Study
- Population includes clients with homes listed for sale or seeking new homes with the agency.
- Data collection methods include:
- Mailing surveys to clients.
- Sending surveys via email.
- Conducting personal interviews during agent-client meetings.
Teenage Cell Phone Use
- 73% of American teens aged 13-17 own a smartphone.
- 15% of teens have a basic phone, and 12% have no phone.
- Communication methods for teens with smartphones:
- 58% use texting for closest friends.
- 17% use social media.
- 10% rely on phone calls.
- Among teens without smartphones:
- 25% use texting.
- 29% use social media.
- 21% use phone calls.
- Population for texting statistic of smartphone users: American teens aged 13-17 with smartphones.
- Population for texting statistic of non-smartphone users: American teens aged 13-17 without smartphones.
- Pew Research conducted a sample survey due to impracticality of a full census.
Midterm Grades
- Sample midterm grades: 72, 65, 82, 90, 76.
- Average midterm grade for the sample is 77.
- Average midterm grade of all students cannot be directly concluded as 77 – it's an inference.
- An estimate of 77 is acceptable, using the word "estimate."
- More than half of exam takers scoring between 70 and 85 is true for the sample but not justifiable for the whole population.
- Including five more students does not guarantee grades to be in the range of 65 to 90.
Comparing Compact SUVs
- Dataset comprises five variables:
- Overall Score.
- Recommended status.
- Owner Satisfaction rating.
- Overall Miles Per Gallon.
- Acceleration (0-60 seconds).
- Categorical variables: Recommended, Owner Satisfaction.
- Quantitative variables: Overall Score, Overall Miles Per Gallon, Acceleration.
- 47% (7 out of 15 vehicles) are recommended by Consumer Reports.
- Average overall miles per gallon across all vehicles is 24.4.
- Owner satisfaction is distributed with varying percentages across ratings.
- Acceleration frequency distribution:
- 7.0-7.9 seconds: 1 vehicle.
- 8.0-8.9 seconds: 5 vehicles.
- 9.0-9.9 seconds: 4 vehicles.
- 10.0-10.9 seconds: 5 vehicles.
Studying That Suits You
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Description
Explore the foundational concepts of Business Statistics in this supplementary exercise flashcard quiz. Understand the distinction between statistics as numerical facts and as a comprehensive discipline. Perfect for students looking to reinforce their knowledge in data analysis and interpretation.
