Colloquium 2015-1 ( 63-87)

<p>Prior vaccination with Hepatitis B vaccine (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Central lumbar disc prolapse (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Dialysis (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Metronidazole (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Benign positional vertigo (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Rhinocerebral mucormycosis (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Renal parenchymal disease (E)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Hypercalcemia (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Mitral valve prolapse (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Keratitis (E)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>UTI (urinary tract infection) (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Abdominal rigidity two hours after the onset of pain (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Elevation in serum lipase (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Rebleeding is uncommon (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Viridans streptococci (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Exercise stress testing (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The patient should be referred for biopsy of the mass. (E)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Acute bronchitis (E)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Chlamydiae is the most common sexually transmitted infection in women, outnumbering other STIs like HIV, Herpes, Hepatitis B, and Gonorrhea.

Overpassing term pregnancy refers to a pregnancy that extends beyond the typical 40 weeks (280 days) by 10 days or more.

Arterial hypertension is the leading cause of retroplacental hematoma, a condition characterized by bleeding behind the placenta.

Acute pericarditis is the most likely cause of substernal chest pain radiating to the neck, exacerbated by breathing and lying down, following a recent flu-like illness.

A medical student exposed to Hepatitis B should have received the Hepatitis B vaccine previously, because they are already protected.

A central lumbar disc prolapse is the most likely cause of severe back pain, urinary incontinence, weakness in the lower limbs, and loss of reflexes after lifting a heavy weight.

Pericardiocentesis is the best treatment for pericarditis in a patient with end-stage renal disease, especially when the ECG shows diffuse ST segment elevation.

Metronidazole is the most appropriate treatment for Trichomonas vaginalis infection, which presents with vaginal discharge and irritation.

Benign positional vertigo is the most likely cause of dizziness, nausea, and vomiting, especially aggravated by head movement, without hearing loss or tinnitus.

Rhinocerebral mucormycosis is the most likely diagnosis for a diabetic patient presenting with a black necrotic spot in the nose and headache.

Renal parenchymal disease is the most common cause of secondary hypertension, a condition where high blood pressure is due to other underlying issues.

Hypercalcemia is NOT a common association with the cancer that causes proximal muscle weakness and lung nodules. This cancer is usually associated with SIADH, ectopic ACTH production, and a very aggressive course with primarily palliative treatment options.

Mitral valve prolapse is the most likely diagnosis for a midsystolic murmur that increases with standing, especially without other symptoms or abnormal findings.

Keratitis, an inflammation of the cornea, is the most likely diagnosis for acute onset of painful, red eye with vision impairment and photophobia.

Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy is the most likely underlying disease in a young athlete who collapses and dies suddenly, without known medical history,

Adrenal hyperplasia, a condition characterized by overproduction of cortisol and other hormones, is the most likely cause of hirsutism (excess hair growth) associated with elevated 17-hydroxyprogesterone levels.

Immune complex vasculitis is the most likely diagnosis for a child presenting with recurrent palpable purpura, arthralgias, abdominal pain, and microscopic hematuria.

If a 42-year-old woman has a 12mm breast mass but mammography is negative, an ultrasound of the breast should be ordered to further evaluate the mass.

Bronchogenic neoplasm (lung cancer) is the most likely cause of acute onset of cough with hemoptysis (coughing up blood) in an otherwise healthy individual.

Wound infection is the most likely cause of fever, chills, and pain at the incision site following a cholecystectomy, especially if the patient is not ambulating.

Abdominal rigidity two hours after the onset of pain is NOT indicative of acute intestinal ischemia. Other signs like atrial fibrillation, acute pain, diarrhea/vomiting, and history of lower extremity arterial emboli are more suggestive of the condition.

Fat embolism is best diagnosed by clinical factors, as there is no specific diagnostic test for it. The presence of fat in urine and sputum, while suggestive, is not specific for fat embolism and needs confirmation through clinical evaluation.

Rebleeding after subarachnoid hemorrhage is common, contrary to the statement that it is uncommon.

Viridans streptococci are the most common cause of subacute bacterial endocarditis (SBE), a condition affecting the heart valves.

Cardiac catheterization is the next necessary step in managing a patient with ulcerative colitis scheduled for surgery, given their history of smoking, diabetes, and prior MI. This will assess their heart health and risk for complications during surgery.