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T Cell Maturation, Activation, and Differentiation Lecture 10
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T Cell Maturation, Activation, and Differentiation Lecture 10

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Questions and Answers

What is the function of the T cell receptor (TCR)?

  • Signal the T cell when it engages antigen in its TCR (correct)
  • Proliferation and differentiation of antigen-specific cells
  • Recognize antigens directly on target cells
  • Transport antigens to the thymus for processing

    • What is the composition of the T cell receptor (TCR)?

  • Two polypeptide chains, each with a variable domain, a constant domain, and a transmembrane region (correct)
  • One polypeptide chain with a variable and a constant domain
  • Three polypeptide chains
  • A single glycoprotein chain attached to CD3 and zeta chain

    • What is the role of CD4 in T cells?

  • Recognize antigens with MHC I
  • Recognize antigens with MHC II (correct)
  • Recognize antigens directly on target cells
  • Signal the T cell when it engages antigen in its TCR

    • What happens when a naive T cell appropriately interacts with antigen?

    <p>It gets activated, resulting in proliferation and differentiation of antigen-specific cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of T cytotoxic (CD8) cells?

    <p>Recognize antigens with MHC I</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do T cell receptors (TCR) recognize?

    <p>Antigens in the context of special antigen presenting glycoprotein known as major Histocompatibility complex (MHC)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During T cell maturation, what is the process by which T cells will lose either CD4 or CD8?

    <p>Clonal deletion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of signal 3 in T cell activation and differentiation?

    <p>To deliver cytokines important for directing T cell differentiation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What causes signal 1 in T cell activation?

    <p>TCR binding to MHC plus (foreign) peptide</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cell type migrates to the site of infection?

    <p>TH1 cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the site for T cell maturation?

    <p>Thymus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the mechanism to make the self/nonself discrimination in the periphery?

    <p>T cell anergy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the process by which T cells recognize a specific antigen in the context of MHC and receive signals to proliferate and differentiate into effector and memory T cells?

    <p>T cell activation and differentiation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What process do T cells undergo after leaving the thymus to enter the periphery?

    <p>Leukocyte migration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What causes signal 2 in T cell activation?

    <p>CD28 binding to B7 on the APC</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of memory T cells?

    <p>To recognize specific antigens in the context of MHC and receive signals to proliferate and differentiate into effector T cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of CD4 in T cells?

    <p>Recognize antigen with MHC II</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cell type migrates to the site of infection?

    <p>Armed effector T cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of signal 1 in T cell activation?

    <p>Recognition of antigen in the context of MHC</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What causes signal 2 in T cell activation?

    <p>Costimulatory molecules on antigen presenting cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do naive T cells do when they appropriately interact with antigen?

    <p>Proliferate and differentiate into effector T cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which molecule is involved in signaling the T cell when it engages antigen in its TCR?

    <p>CD3</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the process by which T cells recognize a specific antigen in the context of MHC and receive signals to proliferate and differentiate into effector T cells?

    <p>T cell activation and differentiation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the mechanism used to make the self/nonself discrimination in the periphery?

    <p>T cell anergy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What process causes T cell anergy (tolerance) when signal 1 is present without signal 2?

    <p>T cell activation and differentiation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the site for T cell maturation?

    <p>Thymus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of CD4 in T cells?

    <p>Interacting with MHC class II plus peptide</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cell type migrates to the site of infection?

    <p>( TH1 or TH2 ) T cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of signal 3 in T cell activation and differentiation?

    <p>Delivering cytokines to direct T cell differentiation into subsets</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What causes signal 1 in T cell activation?

    <p>(foreign) peptide binding to TCR</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    T Cell Receptor (TCR) and Activation

    • The T cell receptor (TCR) recognizes a specific antigen in the context of MHC and receives signals to proliferate and differentiate into effector and memory T cells.
    • The composition of the TCR includes an alpha and beta chain.

    Role of CD4 in T cells

    • CD4 is a co-receptor that helps the TCR bind to MHC II molecules, enhancing the T cell's ability to recognize antigen.

    T Cell Maturation and Maturation Site

    • T cell maturation occurs in the thymus.
    • During T cell maturation, T cells will lose either CD4 or CD8 through a process called "positive selection".

    T Cell Activation and Signaling

    • Signal 1 is caused by the TCR binding to antigen-MHC complex.
    • Signal 2 is caused by the interaction between co-stimulatory molecules (e.g. CD28 and B7).
    • Signal 3 is involved in the differentiation of T cells into effector and memory T cells.
    • The process of T cell activation and differentiation includes recognition of a specific antigen, proliferation, and differentiation into effector and memory T cells.

    T Cell Functions

    • T cytotoxic (CD8) cells recognize and kill infected cells.
    • Memory T cells provide long-term immunity against specific pathogens.
    • Naive T cells recognize antigen and receive signals to proliferate and differentiate into effector and memory T cells.

    Cell Migration and Site of Infection

    • T cells migrate to the site of infection to recognize and respond to pathogens.

    Peripheral Tolerance

    • Peripheral tolerance is achieved through the mechanism of T cell anergy, which occurs when signal 1 is present without signal 2.
    • The self/nonself discrimination in the periphery is made through the interaction of T cells with antigen-presenting cells.

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    Description

    This lecture covers the maturation, activation, and differentiation process of T cells, including their circulation, interaction with antigens, and acquisition of effector functions. Learn about how the naive T cells leave the thymus, interact with antigens, and become armed effector T cells.

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