B Cell Activation and Maturation Quiz ch 18.4
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Questions and Answers

Where do B cells mature?

  • Spleen
  • Thymus
  • Bone marrow (correct)
  • Lymph nodes

What is the function of negative selection during B cell maturation?

  • To activate B cells in response to T-independent antigens
  • To eliminate self-reacting B cells (correct)
  • To enhance the binding specificity of BCRs
  • To promote the production of memory B cells

What is the difference between BCRs and TCRs?

  • BCRs and TCRs can both interact with epitopes on free antigens or intact pathogens
  • BCRs require antigen presentation with MHC, while TCRs can interact with epitopes on free antigens or intact pathogens (correct)
  • TCRs can interact with epitopes on free antigens or intact pathogens, while BCRs require antigen presentation with MHC
  • BCRs and TCRs both require antigen presentation with MHC

What is the difference between T cell-dependent and T cell-independent activation of B cells?

<p>T cell-dependent activation occurs in response to protein antigens, while T cell-independent activation occurs when BCRs interact with T-independent antigens (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the mechanism behind class switching?

<p>Genetic rearrangement of V-J-D and V-J segments (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the lag period for primary responses to protein antigens?

<p>Approximately 10 days (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between primary and secondary responses to subsequent exposures?

<p>Secondary responses occur more quickly and forcefully than primary responses (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of B cells in T cell-dependent activation?

<p>To function as APCs, presenting antigen epitopes with MHC II to helper T cells (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between naïve mature B cells and plasma cells?

<p>Naïve mature B cells have membrane-bound monomeric forms of IgD and IgM as BCRs, while plasma cells secrete antibodies (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where do B cells mature?

<p>Bone marrow (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of negative selection during B cell maturation?

<p>To eliminate self-reacting B cells (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between BCRs and TCRs?

<p>BCRs require antigen presentation with MHC, while TCRs can interact with epitopes on free antigens or intact pathogens (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between T cell-dependent and T cell-independent activation of B cells?

<p>T cell-dependent activation occurs in response to protein antigens, while T cell-independent activation occurs when BCRs interact with T-independent antigens (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the mechanism behind class switching?

<p>Genetic rearrangement of V-J-D and V-J segments (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the lag period for primary responses to protein antigens?

<p>Approximately 10 days (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between primary and secondary responses to subsequent exposures?

<p>Secondary responses occur more quickly and forcefully than primary responses (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of B cells in T cell-dependent activation?

<p>To function as APCs, presenting antigen epitopes with MHC II to helper T cells (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between naïve mature B cells and plasma cells?

<p>Naïve mature B cells have membrane-bound monomeric forms of IgD and IgM as BCRs, while plasma cells secrete antibodies (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where do B cells mature?

<p>In the bone marrow (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of positive selection during B cell maturation?

<p>To select for functional antigen-binding receptors (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary difference between BCRs and TCRs?

<p>TCRs require antigen presentation with MHC, while BCRs can interact with epitopes on free antigens or intact pathogens (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between T cell-dependent and T cell-independent activation of B cells?

<p>T cell-dependent activation involves linked recognition between B cells and helper T cells specific to the same antigen, while T cell-independent activation does not involve helper T cells (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of class switching or isotype switching?

<p>To produce a variety of antibody classes with the same epitope specificity (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the lag period for primary responses to protein antigens?

<p>Approximately 10 days (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference between primary and secondary responses to subsequent exposures to antigens?

<p>Secondary responses occur more quickly and forcefully than primary responses (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of B cells in T cell-dependent activation?

<p>To function as APCs, presenting antigen epitopes with MHC II to helper T cells (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between naïve mature B cells and plasma cells?

<p>Naïve mature B cells have membrane-bound monomeric forms of IgD and IgM as BCRs, while plasma cells do not have BCRs (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between B cells and T cells?

<p>B cells have membrane-bound monomeric forms of IgD and IgM as BCRs while T cells have TCRs (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of negative selection during B cell maturation?

<p>To eliminate self-reacting B cells (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What provides millions of unique antigen-binding sites for BCR and antibodies secreted after activation?

<p>Genetic rearrangement of V-J-D and V-J segments (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is required for T cell-dependent activation of B cells?

<p>Interaction between B cells and helper T cells specific to the same antigen (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of T cell-independent activation of B cells?

<p>Short-lived responses without memory B cells (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of plasma cells cloned from the same activated B cell?

<p>To produce a variety of antibody classes with the same epitope specificity (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the lag period for primary responses to protein antigens?

<p>Approximately 10 days (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between primary and secondary responses to subsequent exposures?

<p>Secondary responses have more effective antibodies with higher affinity to targeted epitopes (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the mechanism behind class switching?

<p>Genetic rearrangement of V-J-D and V-J segments (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between naïve mature B cells and plasma cells?

<p>Naïve mature B cells have membrane-bound monomeric forms of IgD and IgM as BCRs while plasma cells do not have BCRs (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of B cells in T cell-dependent activation?

<p>To present antigen epitopes with MHC II to helper T cells (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between B cells and T cells in terms of antigen recognition?

<p>B cells can interact with epitopes on free antigens or intact pathogens while T cells require antigen presentation with MHC (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary site of B cell maturation?

<p>Bone marrow (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of negative selection during B cell maturation?

<p>To eliminate self-reacting B cells (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the B cell receptor (BCR) of a naïve mature B cell?

<p>Membrane-bound monomeric forms of IgD and IgM (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How many BCRs does a naïve mature B cell have on its membrane?

<p>Up to 100,000 (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What provides millions of unique antigen-binding sites for BCR and antibodies secreted after activation?

<p>Genetic rearrangement of V-J-D and V-J segments (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference between BCRs and TCRs?

<p>BCRs require antigen presentation with MHC, while TCRs can interact with epitopes on free antigens or intact pathogens (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of activation occurs when BCRs interact with T-independent antigens?

<p>T cell-independent activation (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the mechanism behind T cell-dependent activation of B cells?

<p>B cells present antigen epitopes with MHC II to helper T cells (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of linked recognition between B cells and helper T cells specific to the same antigen?

<p>Clonal proliferation and differentiation into memory B cells and plasma cells (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of class switching or isotype switching?

<p>To produce a variety of antibody classes with the same epitope specificity (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the lag period for primary responses to protein antigens?

<p>Around 10 days (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference between primary and secondary responses to subsequent exposures?

<p>Secondary responses occur more quickly and forcefully than primary responses (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary site of B cell maturation and development?

<p>Bone marrow (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of negative selection during B cell maturation?

<p>To eliminate self-reacting B cells (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of B cell receptors (BCRs) on naïve mature B cells?

<p>To interact with epitopes on free antigens or intact pathogens (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How many BCRs does each naïve mature B cell have on its membrane?

<p>Upwards of 10,000 (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What provides millions of unique antigen-binding sites for BCR and antibodies secreted after activation?

<p>Genetic rearrangement of V-J-D and V-J segments (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between BCRs and TCRs?

<p>BCRs require antigen presentation with MHC, while TCRs can interact with epitopes on free antigens or intact pathogens (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of activation occurs when BCRs interact with T-independent antigens?

<p>T cell-independent activation (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What occurs during T cell-dependent activation of B cells?

<p>B cells function as APCs, presenting antigen epitopes with MHC II to helper T cells (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of linked recognition between B cells and helper T cells during T cell-dependent activation?

<p>To ensure specificity for the same antigen (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of class switching during B cell activation?

<p>To allow plasma cells to produce a variety of antibody classes with the same epitope specificity (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the lag period for primary responses to protein antigens?

<p>Approximately 10 days (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between primary and secondary responses to subsequent exposures?

<p>Secondary responses have higher levels of IgG and more effective antibodies with higher affinity to targeted epitopes than primary responses (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary location of B cell maturation?

<p>Bone marrow (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of negative selection during B cell maturation?

<p>To eliminate self-reacting B cells (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the membrane-bound monomeric forms of IgD and IgM called?

<p>B cell receptors (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How many BCRs does each naïve mature B cell have on its membrane?

<p>100,000 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What provides millions of unique antigen-binding sites for BCR and antibodies secreted after activation?

<p>Genetic rearrangement of V-J-D and V-J segments (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between BCRs and TCRs?

<p>BCRs require antigen presentation with MHC, while TCRs can interact with epitopes on free antigens or intact pathogens (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of activation occurs when BCRs interact with T-independent antigens?

<p>T cell-independent activation (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of activation occurs in response to protein antigens?

<p>T cell-dependent activation (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of linked recognition between B cells and helper T cells specific to the same antigen?

<p>Clonal proliferation and differentiation into memory B cells and plasma cells (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the process that allows plasma cells cloned from the same activated B cell to produce a variety of antibody classes with the same epitope specificity?

<p>Class switching (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the lag period for primary responses to protein antigens?

<p>Approximately 10 days (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between primary and secondary responses to subsequent exposures?

<p>Secondary responses occur more quickly and forcefully than primary responses (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the epitope-binding specificity of each B cell?

<p>Up to 100,000 identical BCRs (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How is the variable region of BCRs generated?

<p>Through genetic rearrangement of V-J-D and V-J segments (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between T-dependent and T-independent activation of B cells?

<p>T-dependent activation requires B cells to present protein epitopes with MHC II to helper T cells for coordinated activation and clonal proliferation, while T-independent activation occurs when BCRs interact with repetitive epitope units of polysaccharide or lipopolysaccharide antigens. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the second signal required for T-independent activation of B cells?

<p>Toll-like receptors or complement system interactions (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What do activated B cells differentiate into?

<p>Plasma cells and memory B cells (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between primary and secondary responses to subsequent exposures?

<p>Primary response produces higher levels of specific antibodies with higher affinity, while secondary response has a shorter lag period of a few days. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is class switching or isotype switching?

<p>The process of plasma cells producing a variety of antibody classes with the same epitope specificity. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of memory B cells?

<p>To quickly respond to subsequent exposures (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between T cell-dependent primary and secondary antibody responses?

<p>Primary response occurs with the first exposure to an antigen, while secondary response occurs with subsequent exposures. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between T-dependent and T-independent activation of B cells?

<p>T-dependent activation requires B cells to present protein epitopes with MHC II to helper T cells for coordinated activation and clonal proliferation, while T-independent activation occurs when BCRs interact with repetitive epitope units of polysaccharide or lipopolysaccharide antigens. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the lag period for the primary response to an antigen?

<p>Ten days (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of antigens can activate B cells without the help of T cells?

<p>T-independent antigens (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the second signal required for T cell-independent activation of B cells?

<p>Interactions with complement system factors (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens to a B cell after it is activated?

<p>It undergoes clonal proliferation (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of plasma cells?

<p>To produce antibodies (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of antibodies do plasma cells secrete after differentiation?

<p>IgM (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Does the T cell-independent response result in the production of memory B cells?

<p>No, it does not (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference between T cell-dependent and T cell-independent activation of B cells?

<p>The presence of helper T cells (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of antigens are involved in T cell-independent activation of B cells?

<p>T-independent antigens (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the source of the second signal in T cell-dependent activation of B cells?

<p>Interactions with helper T cells (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of memory B cells in the immune response?

<p>To produce antibodies (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between BCRs and plasma cells?

<p>BCRs are involved in antigen recognition, while plasma cells secrete antibodies (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of toll-like receptors in T cell-independent activation of B cells?

<p>To provide the second signal for activation (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference between BCRs and TCRs?

<p>BCRs recognize free antigens or intact pathogens without MHC presentation, while TCRs require MHC presentation for antigen recognition (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of V-J-D and V-J segments in BCRs?

<p>To provide receptor diversity (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the molecular class of antigens that can activate B cells through T-independent mechanisms?

<p>Polysaccharide or lipopolysaccharide antigens (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the second signal required for T-independent activation of B cells?

<p>Toll-like receptors or complement system interactions (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference between T-dependent and T-independent activation of B cells?

<p>T-dependent activation requires B cells to present protein epitopes with MHC II to helper T cells for coordinated activation and clonal proliferation, while T-independent activation occurs when BCRs interact with repetitive epitope units of polysaccharide or lipopolysaccharide antigens (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference between plasma cells and memory B cells?

<p>Plasma cells secrete antibodies with the same epitope specificity as the BCRs, while memory B cells quickly respond to subsequent exposures (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the lag period for the secondary response to subsequent exposures?

<p>A few days (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference between the primary and secondary T cell-dependent responses to an antigen?

<p>The lag period for the primary response is about 10 days, while the secondary response has a shorter lag period of a few days and produces higher levels of specific antibodies with higher affinity (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of class switching?

<p>Allows plasma cells to produce a variety of antibody classes with the same epitope specificity (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between T-dependent and T-independent activation of B cells in terms of memory B cell production?

<p>T-independent activation does not result in the production of memory B cells, while T-dependent activation does (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of B cells in T cell-dependent activation?

<p>To present protein epitopes with MHC II to helper T cells for coordinated activation and clonal proliferation (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference between T-dependent and T-independent activation of B cells in terms of clonal proliferation?

<p>T-dependent activation requires B cells to present protein epitopes with MHC II to helper T cells for coordinated activation and clonal proliferation, while T-independent activation does not require T cell help for clonal proliferation (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which cells are B cells formed from?

<p>Stem cells (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of B cell receptors (BCRs)?

<p>To recognize free antigens or intact pathogens (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What provides receptor diversity for BCRs?

<p>Variable regions (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is required for T-dependent activation of B cells?

<p>T cell help (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What occurs during T-independent activation of B cells?

<p>BCR interaction with repetitive epitope units (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of toll-like receptors in T-independent activation of B cells?

<p>Second signal for activation (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What do activated B cells differentiate into?

<p>Plasma cells (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What occurs during a T cell-dependent primary antibody response?

<p>First exposure to an antigen (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the lag period for a T cell-dependent primary antibody response?

<p>10 days (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is class switching?

<p>Production of a variety of antibody classes with the same epitope specificity (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between a primary and secondary response?

<p>Secondary response produces higher levels of specific antibodies with higher affinity (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of T-independent activation of B cells?

<p>Differentiation into plasma cells (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is T cell-independent activation of B cells?

<p>Activation of B cells without the help of helper T cells (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of antigens are T-independent antigens?

<p>Carbohydrate antigens (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the first signal for activation in T cell-independent activation?

<p>Interaction of BCRs with T-independent antigens (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What provides the second signal for activation in T cell-independent activation?

<p>Interaction of toll-like receptors with PAMPs or interactions with factors from the complement system (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens to a B cell after it is activated in T cell-independent activation?

<p>It undergoes clonal proliferation (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are plasma cells?

<p>B cells that have differentiated into antibody-secreting factories (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What do plasma cells secrete?

<p>Antigen-specific IgM molecules (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Is the T cell-independent response long-lasting?

<p>No, it is short-lived and does not result in the production of memory B cells (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are T-dependent antigens?

<p>Antigens that require the help of helper T cells to activate B cells (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between T cell-dependent and T cell-independent activation of B cells?

<p>The type of antigens involved (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Do T-independent antigens result in a secondary response to subsequent exposures?

<p>No, they do not result in a secondary response (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of toll-like receptors in T cell-independent activation?

<p>To provide the second signal for activation (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of antigens are involved in T cell-independent activation of B cells?

<p>Carbohydrate antigens (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the first signal for activation in T cell-independent activation of B cells?

<p>Interaction of BCRs with T-independent antigens (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What provides the second signal for activation in T cell-independent activation of B cells?

<p>Toll-like receptors with PAMPs (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of plasma cells in T cell-independent activation of B cells?

<p>They secrete large quantities of antibodies (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the surface BCRs after differentiation into plasma cells in T cell-independent activation of B cells?

<p>They disappear (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Does T cell-independent activation of B cells result in the production of memory B cells?

<p>No (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are T-independent antigens?

<p>Antigens that activate B cells without the help of T cells (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between T cell-independent and T cell-dependent activation of B cells?

<p>The involvement of T cells (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of toll-like receptors in T cell-independent activation of B cells?

<p>They recognize PAMPs (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the outcome of T cell-independent activation of B cells?

<p>Short-lived antibody response (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of plasma cells in T cell-independent activation of B cells?

<p>They secrete large quantities of antibodies (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of epitope units do T-independent antigens have?

<p>Repetitive (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the lag period for the primary response to protein antigens?

<p>10 days (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the first stage of the primary response?

<p>Latent period (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the first antibody produced during the primary response?

<p>IgM (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What stimulates antibody class switching during the primary response?

<p>TH2 cells (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the peak time for IgG production during the primary response?

<p>Around 3 weeks after primary antigen exposure (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens to some of the cloned B cells during the primary response?

<p>They differentiate into memory B cells (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the lag period for the secondary response?

<p>3 days (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary antibody produced during the secondary response?

<p>IgG (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between primary and secondary responses to subsequent exposures?

<p>Primary response is slower and weaker than secondary response (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between the antibodies produced during primary and secondary responses?

<p>Antibodies produced during secondary response are more effective and bind with higher affinity (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between plasma cells produced during primary and secondary responses?

<p>Plasma cells produced during secondary response live longer (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of helper T cells in T cell-dependent activation of B cells?

<p>Helper T cells activate B cells (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

During the lag period of a primary response, which of the following cannot be detected in serum?

<p>IgM (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of TH2 cells during a primary response?

<p>Stimulate B cell differentiation into plasma cells (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When do IgM levels in serum reach their peak during a primary response?

<p>Around 14 days after primary antigen exposure (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of antibody is produced at higher levels during a secondary response?

<p>IgG (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference between a primary and a secondary response?

<p>Lag period and strength of response (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of memory B cells?

<p>Programmed to respond to subsequent exposures (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of antibody is produced first during a primary response?

<p>IgM (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the lag period for a primary response to a protein antigen?

<p>Approximately 10 days (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of cells live longer during a secondary response?

<p>Plasma cells (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of TH2 cells during a secondary response?

<p>Stimulate antibody class switching (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference between antibodies produced during a primary and a secondary response?

<p>Affinity and effectiveness (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of T cell-dependent activation of B cells?

<p>Plays an important role in both the primary and secondary responses associated with adaptive immunity (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is T cell-independent activation of B cells?

<p>Activation of B cells without the help of helper T cells (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of antigens are T-independent antigens?

<p>Antigens that do not require the cooperation of helper T cells for activation (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the second signal for activation in T cell-independent activation of B cells?

<p>Interactions of toll-like receptors with PAMPs (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of plasma cells in T cell-independent activation of B cells?

<p>To secrete large quantities of antibodies (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the surface BCRs of a B cell after differentiation into a plasma cell in T cell-independent activation?

<p>They disappear (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Does T cell-independent activation of B cells result in the production of memory B cells?

<p>No (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of antigens are T-dependent antigens?

<p>Antigens that require the cooperation of helper T cells for activation (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of helper T cells in T cell-dependent activation of B cells?

<p>To secrete cytokines (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the lag period for primary responses to protein antigens?

<p>Several days (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the mechanism behind class switching?

<p>A process by which B cells switch from producing IgM to producing IgG antibodies (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between primary and secondary responses to subsequent exposures?

<p>Secondary responses are slower and weaker than primary responses (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of B cells in T cell-dependent activation?

<p>To present antigens to T cells (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

During the primary response, which antibody class reaches its peak around 14 days after antigen exposure?

<p>IgM (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of TH2 cells during the primary response?

<p>Stimulate B cell differentiation into plasma cells (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which response occurs more quickly and forcefully than the primary response?

<p>Secondary antibody response (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the lag period for the secondary response?

<p>Only a few days (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the fate of some of the cloned B cells during the primary response?

<p>They differentiate into memory B cells (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference between plasma cells produced during primary and secondary responses?

<p>Secondary response plasma cells live longer (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the initial stage of the primary response?

<p>Lag period (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference between antibodies produced during primary and secondary responses?

<p>Secondary response antibodies bind with higher affinity (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of T cell-dependent activation in adaptive immunity?

<p>It plays a role in both the primary and secondary responses (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of helper T cells during the primary response?

<p>Activate naïve mature B cells (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How long is the lag period for the primary response to a protein antigen?

<p>10 days (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of memory B cells during the secondary response?

<p>Bind to antigen with BCRs (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the first step of the primary response to a protein antigen?

<p>Naïve mature B cell binding of antigen with BCRs (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which antibody class is stimulated by TH2 cells to undergo class switching during the primary response?

<p>IgG (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of TH2 cells in the primary response?

<p>To stimulate B cell differentiation into plasma cells (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the fate of some of the cloned B cells during the secondary response?

<p>They differentiate into plasma cells (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When do IgM levels reach their peak during the primary response?

<p>Around 14 days after primary antigen exposure (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When do IgG levels reach their peak during the primary response?

<p>Around 21 days after primary antigen exposure (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens to IgM levels in serum after TH2 stimulates antibody class switching during the primary response?

<p>They begin to decline (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the lag period and IgG production during the secondary response?

<p>The lag period is decreased and IgG production is higher than in the primary response (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between plasma cells produced during primary and secondary responses?

<p>Plasma cells produced during secondary responses live longer (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the advantage of the secondary response over the primary response?

<p>It produces more IgG (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of memory B cells?

<p>To respond to subsequent exposures (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between the primary and secondary responses to subsequent exposures?

<p>The secondary response is quicker and more forceful (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of antigens are involved in T cell-independent activation of B cells?

<p>T-independent antigens (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the first signal for activation in T cell-independent activation of B cells?

<p>Interaction of BCRs with T-independent antigens (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What provides the second signal for activation in T cell-independent activation of B cells?

<p>Toll-like receptors with PAMPs (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of plasma cells?

<p>To secrete large quantities of antibodies (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the surface BCRs of a B cell after differentiation into a plasma cell?

<p>They disappear (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Does T cell-independent activation of B cells result in the production of memory B cells?

<p>No (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between T cell-dependent and T cell-independent activation of B cells?

<p>The involvement of helper T cells (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of antigens are commonly involved in T cell-independent activation of B cells?

<p>T-independent antigens (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the mechanism of clonal proliferation in T cell-independent activation of B cells?

<p>Activation of daughter cells (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of toll-like receptors in T cell-independent activation of B cells?

<p>To provide the second signal for activation (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of memory B cells?

<p>To mount a secondary response to subsequent exposures (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between primary and secondary responses to subsequent exposures to the same antigen?

<p>The presence of memory B cells (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the lag period for the primary antibody response to a protein antigen?

<p>10 days (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of cells stimulate B cell differentiation into plasma cells during the primary response?

<p>TH2 cells (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the first stage of the primary response?

<p>Naïve mature B cell binding of antigen with BCRs (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

During the primary response, which type of antibody levels reach their peak around 14 days after antigen exposure?

<p>IgM (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of cells stimulate antibody class switching during the primary response?

<p>TH2 cells (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between the primary and secondary antibody responses?

<p>The secondary response occurs more quickly and forcefully (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

During the secondary response, which type of antibodies are produced at higher levels?

<p>IgG (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of memory B cells?

<p>To respond to subsequent exposures (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens to IgM levels in serum after the peak is reached during the primary response?

<p>They begin to decline (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of cells produce antibodies during the secondary response?

<p>Plasma cells (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the lag period for the secondary response?

<p>A few days (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between the antibodies produced during the primary and secondary responses?

<p>The antibodies produced during the secondary response are more effective (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

During the primary response to a protein antigen, how long is the lag period before IgM levels rise in the serum?

<p>10 days (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of TH2 cells during the primary response to a protein antigen?

<p>Stimulate B cell differentiation into plasma cells (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary antibody class produced during the lag period of the primary response to a protein antigen?

<p>IgM (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What stimulates antibody class switching during the primary response to a protein antigen?

<p>TH2 cells (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

During the primary response to a protein antigen, when do IgM levels in serum begin to decline?

<p>Around 14 days after antigen exposure (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the peak antibody class produced during the primary response to a protein antigen?

<p>IgG (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between the lag period of the primary and secondary responses to a protein antigen?

<p>Primary response has a longer lag period than secondary response (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference in IgG production between the primary and secondary responses to a protein antigen?

<p>Secondary response produces more IgG than primary response (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference in antibody affinity between the primary and secondary responses to a protein antigen?

<p>Secondary response antibodies have higher affinity than primary response antibodies (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the fate of some of the cloned B cells during the primary response to a protein antigen?

<p>They differentiate into memory B cells (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the fate of plasma cells produced during the secondary response to a protein antigen?

<p>They live longer than those produced during the primary response (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of T cells in T cell-dependent activation of B cells?

<p>Activate helper T cells (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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