B Cell Activation and Maturation Quiz ch 18.4

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Where do B cells mature?

Spleen

Thymus

Bone marrow (correct)

Lymph nodes

What is the function of negative selection during B cell maturation?

To activate B cells in response to T-independent antigens

To eliminate self-reacting B cells (correct)

To enhance the binding specificity of BCRs

To promote the production of memory B cells

What is the difference between BCRs and TCRs?

BCRs and TCRs can both interact with epitopes on free antigens or intact pathogens

BCRs require antigen presentation with MHC, while TCRs can interact with epitopes on free antigens or intact pathogens (correct)

TCRs can interact with epitopes on free antigens or intact pathogens, while BCRs require antigen presentation with MHC

BCRs and TCRs both require antigen presentation with MHC

What is the difference between T cell-dependent and T cell-independent activation of B cells?

T cell-dependent activation occurs in response to protein antigens, while T cell-independent activation occurs when BCRs interact with T-independent antigens Signup and view all the answers

What is the mechanism behind class switching?

Genetic rearrangement of V-J-D and V-J segments Signup and view all the answers

What is the lag period for primary responses to protein antigens?

Approximately 10 days Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between primary and secondary responses to subsequent exposures?

Secondary responses occur more quickly and forcefully than primary responses Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of B cells in T cell-dependent activation?

To function as APCs, presenting antigen epitopes with MHC II to helper T cells Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between naïve mature B cells and plasma cells?

Naïve mature B cells have membrane-bound monomeric forms of IgD and IgM as BCRs, while plasma cells secrete antibodies Signup and view all the answers

Where do B cells mature?

Bone marrow Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of negative selection during B cell maturation?

To eliminate self-reacting B cells Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between BCRs and TCRs?

BCRs require antigen presentation with MHC, while TCRs can interact with epitopes on free antigens or intact pathogens Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between T cell-dependent and T cell-independent activation of B cells?

T cell-dependent activation occurs in response to protein antigens, while T cell-independent activation occurs when BCRs interact with T-independent antigens Signup and view all the answers

What is the mechanism behind class switching?

Genetic rearrangement of V-J-D and V-J segments Signup and view all the answers

What is the lag period for primary responses to protein antigens?

Approximately 10 days Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between primary and secondary responses to subsequent exposures?

Secondary responses occur more quickly and forcefully than primary responses Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of B cells in T cell-dependent activation?

To function as APCs, presenting antigen epitopes with MHC II to helper T cells Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between naïve mature B cells and plasma cells?

Naïve mature B cells have membrane-bound monomeric forms of IgD and IgM as BCRs, while plasma cells secrete antibodies Signup and view all the answers

Where do B cells mature?

In the bone marrow Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of positive selection during B cell maturation?

To select for functional antigen-binding receptors Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary difference between BCRs and TCRs?

TCRs require antigen presentation with MHC, while BCRs can interact with epitopes on free antigens or intact pathogens Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between T cell-dependent and T cell-independent activation of B cells?

T cell-dependent activation involves linked recognition between B cells and helper T cells specific to the same antigen, while T cell-independent activation does not involve helper T cells Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of class switching or isotype switching?

To produce a variety of antibody classes with the same epitope specificity Signup and view all the answers

What is the lag period for primary responses to protein antigens?

Approximately 10 days Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference between primary and secondary responses to subsequent exposures to antigens?

Secondary responses occur more quickly and forcefully than primary responses Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of B cells in T cell-dependent activation?

To function as APCs, presenting antigen epitopes with MHC II to helper T cells Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between naïve mature B cells and plasma cells?

Naïve mature B cells have membrane-bound monomeric forms of IgD and IgM as BCRs, while plasma cells do not have BCRs Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between B cells and T cells?

B cells have membrane-bound monomeric forms of IgD and IgM as BCRs while T cells have TCRs Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of negative selection during B cell maturation?

To eliminate self-reacting B cells Signup and view all the answers

What provides millions of unique antigen-binding sites for BCR and antibodies secreted after activation?

Genetic rearrangement of V-J-D and V-J segments Signup and view all the answers

What is required for T cell-dependent activation of B cells?

Interaction between B cells and helper T cells specific to the same antigen Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of T cell-independent activation of B cells?

Short-lived responses without memory B cells Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of plasma cells cloned from the same activated B cell?

To produce a variety of antibody classes with the same epitope specificity Signup and view all the answers

What is the lag period for primary responses to protein antigens?

Approximately 10 days Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between primary and secondary responses to subsequent exposures?

Secondary responses have more effective antibodies with higher affinity to targeted epitopes Signup and view all the answers

What is the mechanism behind class switching?

Genetic rearrangement of V-J-D and V-J segments Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between naïve mature B cells and plasma cells?

Naïve mature B cells have membrane-bound monomeric forms of IgD and IgM as BCRs while plasma cells do not have BCRs Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of B cells in T cell-dependent activation?

To present antigen epitopes with MHC II to helper T cells Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between B cells and T cells in terms of antigen recognition?

B cells can interact with epitopes on free antigens or intact pathogens while T cells require antigen presentation with MHC Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary site of B cell maturation?

Bone marrow Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of negative selection during B cell maturation?

To eliminate self-reacting B cells Signup and view all the answers

What is the B cell receptor (BCR) of a naïve mature B cell?

Membrane-bound monomeric forms of IgD and IgM Signup and view all the answers

How many BCRs does a naïve mature B cell have on its membrane?

Up to 100,000 Signup and view all the answers

What provides millions of unique antigen-binding sites for BCR and antibodies secreted after activation?

Genetic rearrangement of V-J-D and V-J segments Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference between BCRs and TCRs?

BCRs require antigen presentation with MHC, while TCRs can interact with epitopes on free antigens or intact pathogens Signup and view all the answers

What type of activation occurs when BCRs interact with T-independent antigens?

T cell-independent activation Signup and view all the answers

What is the mechanism behind T cell-dependent activation of B cells?

B cells present antigen epitopes with MHC II to helper T cells Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of linked recognition between B cells and helper T cells specific to the same antigen?

Clonal proliferation and differentiation into memory B cells and plasma cells Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of class switching or isotype switching?

To produce a variety of antibody classes with the same epitope specificity Signup and view all the answers

What is the lag period for primary responses to protein antigens?

Around 10 days Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference between primary and secondary responses to subsequent exposures?

Secondary responses occur more quickly and forcefully than primary responses Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary site of B cell maturation and development?

Bone marrow Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of negative selection during B cell maturation?

To eliminate self-reacting B cells Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of B cell receptors (BCRs) on naïve mature B cells?

To interact with epitopes on free antigens or intact pathogens Signup and view all the answers

How many BCRs does each naïve mature B cell have on its membrane?

Upwards of 10,000 Signup and view all the answers

What provides millions of unique antigen-binding sites for BCR and antibodies secreted after activation?

Genetic rearrangement of V-J-D and V-J segments Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between BCRs and TCRs?

BCRs require antigen presentation with MHC, while TCRs can interact with epitopes on free antigens or intact pathogens Signup and view all the answers

What type of activation occurs when BCRs interact with T-independent antigens?

T cell-independent activation Signup and view all the answers

What occurs during T cell-dependent activation of B cells?

B cells function as APCs, presenting antigen epitopes with MHC II to helper T cells Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of linked recognition between B cells and helper T cells during T cell-dependent activation?

To ensure specificity for the same antigen Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of class switching during B cell activation?

To allow plasma cells to produce a variety of antibody classes with the same epitope specificity Signup and view all the answers

What is the lag period for primary responses to protein antigens?

Approximately 10 days Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between primary and secondary responses to subsequent exposures?

Secondary responses have higher levels of IgG and more effective antibodies with higher affinity to targeted epitopes than primary responses Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary location of B cell maturation?

Bone marrow Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of negative selection during B cell maturation?

To eliminate self-reacting B cells Signup and view all the answers

What are the membrane-bound monomeric forms of IgD and IgM called?

B cell receptors Signup and view all the answers

How many BCRs does each naïve mature B cell have on its membrane?

100,000 Signup and view all the answers

What provides millions of unique antigen-binding sites for BCR and antibodies secreted after activation?

Genetic rearrangement of V-J-D and V-J segments Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between BCRs and TCRs?

BCRs require antigen presentation with MHC, while TCRs can interact with epitopes on free antigens or intact pathogens Signup and view all the answers

What type of activation occurs when BCRs interact with T-independent antigens?

T cell-independent activation Signup and view all the answers

What type of activation occurs in response to protein antigens?

T cell-dependent activation Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of linked recognition between B cells and helper T cells specific to the same antigen?

Clonal proliferation and differentiation into memory B cells and plasma cells Signup and view all the answers

What is the process that allows plasma cells cloned from the same activated B cell to produce a variety of antibody classes with the same epitope specificity?

Class switching Signup and view all the answers

What is the lag period for primary responses to protein antigens?

Approximately 10 days Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between primary and secondary responses to subsequent exposures?

Secondary responses occur more quickly and forcefully than primary responses Signup and view all the answers

What is the epitope-binding specificity of each B cell?

Up to 100,000 identical BCRs Signup and view all the answers

How is the variable region of BCRs generated?

Through genetic rearrangement of V-J-D and V-J segments Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between T-dependent and T-independent activation of B cells?

T-dependent activation requires B cells to present protein epitopes with MHC II to helper T cells for coordinated activation and clonal proliferation, while T-independent activation occurs when BCRs interact with repetitive epitope units of polysaccharide or lipopolysaccharide antigens. Signup and view all the answers

What is the second signal required for T-independent activation of B cells?

Toll-like receptors or complement system interactions Signup and view all the answers

What do activated B cells differentiate into?

Plasma cells and memory B cells Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between primary and secondary responses to subsequent exposures?

Primary response produces higher levels of specific antibodies with higher affinity, while secondary response has a shorter lag period of a few days. Signup and view all the answers

What is class switching or isotype switching?

The process of plasma cells producing a variety of antibody classes with the same epitope specificity. Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of memory B cells?

To quickly respond to subsequent exposures Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between T cell-dependent primary and secondary antibody responses?

Primary response occurs with the first exposure to an antigen, while secondary response occurs with subsequent exposures. Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between T-dependent and T-independent activation of B cells?

T-dependent activation requires B cells to present protein epitopes with MHC II to helper T cells for coordinated activation and clonal proliferation, while T-independent activation occurs when BCRs interact with repetitive epitope units of polysaccharide or lipopolysaccharide antigens. Signup and view all the answers

What is the lag period for the primary response to an antigen?

Ten days Signup and view all the answers

Which type of antigens can activate B cells without the help of T cells?

T-independent antigens Signup and view all the answers

What is the second signal required for T cell-independent activation of B cells?

Interactions with complement system factors Signup and view all the answers

What happens to a B cell after it is activated?

It undergoes clonal proliferation Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of plasma cells?

To produce antibodies Signup and view all the answers

What type of antibodies do plasma cells secrete after differentiation?

IgM Signup and view all the answers

Does the T cell-independent response result in the production of memory B cells?

No, it does not Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference between T cell-dependent and T cell-independent activation of B cells?

The presence of helper T cells Signup and view all the answers

What type of antigens are involved in T cell-independent activation of B cells?

T-independent antigens Signup and view all the answers

What is the source of the second signal in T cell-dependent activation of B cells?

Interactions with helper T cells Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of memory B cells in the immune response?

To produce antibodies Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between BCRs and plasma cells?

BCRs are involved in antigen recognition, while plasma cells secrete antibodies Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of toll-like receptors in T cell-independent activation of B cells?

To provide the second signal for activation Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference between BCRs and TCRs?

BCRs recognize free antigens or intact pathogens without MHC presentation, while TCRs require MHC presentation for antigen recognition Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of V-J-D and V-J segments in BCRs?

To provide receptor diversity Signup and view all the answers

What is the molecular class of antigens that can activate B cells through T-independent mechanisms?

Polysaccharide or lipopolysaccharide antigens Signup and view all the answers

What is the second signal required for T-independent activation of B cells?

Toll-like receptors or complement system interactions Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference between T-dependent and T-independent activation of B cells?

T-dependent activation requires B cells to present protein epitopes with MHC II to helper T cells for coordinated activation and clonal proliferation, while T-independent activation occurs when BCRs interact with repetitive epitope units of polysaccharide or lipopolysaccharide antigens Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference between plasma cells and memory B cells?

Plasma cells secrete antibodies with the same epitope specificity as the BCRs, while memory B cells quickly respond to subsequent exposures Signup and view all the answers

What is the lag period for the secondary response to subsequent exposures?

A few days Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference between the primary and secondary T cell-dependent responses to an antigen?

The lag period for the primary response is about 10 days, while the secondary response has a shorter lag period of a few days and produces higher levels of specific antibodies with higher affinity Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of class switching?

Allows plasma cells to produce a variety of antibody classes with the same epitope specificity Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between T-dependent and T-independent activation of B cells in terms of memory B cell production?

T-independent activation does not result in the production of memory B cells, while T-dependent activation does Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of B cells in T cell-dependent activation?

To present protein epitopes with MHC II to helper T cells for coordinated activation and clonal proliferation Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference between T-dependent and T-independent activation of B cells in terms of clonal proliferation?

T-dependent activation requires B cells to present protein epitopes with MHC II to helper T cells for coordinated activation and clonal proliferation, while T-independent activation does not require T cell help for clonal proliferation Signup and view all the answers

Which cells are B cells formed from?

Stem cells Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of B cell receptors (BCRs)?

To recognize free antigens or intact pathogens Signup and view all the answers

What provides receptor diversity for BCRs?

Variable regions Signup and view all the answers

What is required for T-dependent activation of B cells?

T cell help Signup and view all the answers

What occurs during T-independent activation of B cells?

BCR interaction with repetitive epitope units Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of toll-like receptors in T-independent activation of B cells?

Second signal for activation Signup and view all the answers

What do activated B cells differentiate into?

Plasma cells Signup and view all the answers

What occurs during a T cell-dependent primary antibody response?

First exposure to an antigen Signup and view all the answers

What is the lag period for a T cell-dependent primary antibody response?

10 days Signup and view all the answers

What is class switching?

Production of a variety of antibody classes with the same epitope specificity Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between a primary and secondary response?

Secondary response produces higher levels of specific antibodies with higher affinity Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of T-independent activation of B cells?

Differentiation into plasma cells Signup and view all the answers

What is T cell-independent activation of B cells?

Activation of B cells without the help of helper T cells Signup and view all the answers

What type of antigens are T-independent antigens?

Carbohydrate antigens Signup and view all the answers

What is the first signal for activation in T cell-independent activation?

Interaction of BCRs with T-independent antigens Signup and view all the answers

What provides the second signal for activation in T cell-independent activation?

Interaction of toll-like receptors with PAMPs or interactions with factors from the complement system Signup and view all the answers

What happens to a B cell after it is activated in T cell-independent activation?

It undergoes clonal proliferation Signup and view all the answers

What are plasma cells?

B cells that have differentiated into antibody-secreting factories Signup and view all the answers

What do plasma cells secrete?

Antigen-specific IgM molecules Signup and view all the answers

Is the T cell-independent response long-lasting?

No, it is short-lived and does not result in the production of memory B cells Signup and view all the answers

What are T-dependent antigens?

Antigens that require the help of helper T cells to activate B cells Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between T cell-dependent and T cell-independent activation of B cells?

The type of antigens involved Signup and view all the answers

Do T-independent antigens result in a secondary response to subsequent exposures?

No, they do not result in a secondary response Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of toll-like receptors in T cell-independent activation?

To provide the second signal for activation Signup and view all the answers

Which type of antigens are involved in T cell-independent activation of B cells?

Carbohydrate antigens Signup and view all the answers

What is the first signal for activation in T cell-independent activation of B cells?

Interaction of BCRs with T-independent antigens Signup and view all the answers

What provides the second signal for activation in T cell-independent activation of B cells?

Toll-like receptors with PAMPs Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of plasma cells in T cell-independent activation of B cells?

They secrete large quantities of antibodies Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the surface BCRs after differentiation into plasma cells in T cell-independent activation of B cells?

They disappear Signup and view all the answers

Does T cell-independent activation of B cells result in the production of memory B cells?

No Signup and view all the answers

What are T-independent antigens?

Antigens that activate B cells without the help of T cells Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between T cell-independent and T cell-dependent activation of B cells?

The involvement of T cells Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of toll-like receptors in T cell-independent activation of B cells?

They recognize PAMPs Signup and view all the answers

What is the outcome of T cell-independent activation of B cells?

Short-lived antibody response Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of plasma cells in T cell-independent activation of B cells?

They secrete large quantities of antibodies Signup and view all the answers

What type of epitope units do T-independent antigens have?

Repetitive Signup and view all the answers

What is the lag period for the primary response to protein antigens?

10 days Signup and view all the answers

What is the first stage of the primary response?

Latent period Signup and view all the answers

What is the first antibody produced during the primary response?

IgM Signup and view all the answers

What stimulates antibody class switching during the primary response?

TH2 cells Signup and view all the answers

What is the peak time for IgG production during the primary response?

Around 3 weeks after primary antigen exposure Signup and view all the answers

What happens to some of the cloned B cells during the primary response?

They differentiate into memory B cells Signup and view all the answers

What is the lag period for the secondary response?

3 days Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary antibody produced during the secondary response?

IgG Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between primary and secondary responses to subsequent exposures?

Primary response is slower and weaker than secondary response Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between the antibodies produced during primary and secondary responses?

Antibodies produced during secondary response are more effective and bind with higher affinity Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between plasma cells produced during primary and secondary responses?

Plasma cells produced during secondary response live longer Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of helper T cells in T cell-dependent activation of B cells?

Helper T cells activate B cells Signup and view all the answers

During the lag period of a primary response, which of the following cannot be detected in serum?

IgM Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of TH2 cells during a primary response?

Stimulate B cell differentiation into plasma cells Signup and view all the answers

When do IgM levels in serum reach their peak during a primary response?

Around 14 days after primary antigen exposure Signup and view all the answers

Which type of antibody is produced at higher levels during a secondary response?

IgG Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference between a primary and a secondary response?

Lag period and strength of response Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of memory B cells?

Programmed to respond to subsequent exposures Signup and view all the answers

Which type of antibody is produced first during a primary response?

IgM Signup and view all the answers

What is the lag period for a primary response to a protein antigen?

Approximately 10 days Signup and view all the answers

Which type of cells live longer during a secondary response?

Plasma cells Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of TH2 cells during a secondary response?

Stimulate antibody class switching Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference between antibodies produced during a primary and a secondary response?

Affinity and effectiveness Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of T cell-dependent activation of B cells?

Plays an important role in both the primary and secondary responses associated with adaptive immunity Signup and view all the answers

What is T cell-independent activation of B cells?

Activation of B cells without the help of helper T cells Signup and view all the answers

What type of antigens are T-independent antigens?

Antigens that do not require the cooperation of helper T cells for activation Signup and view all the answers

What is the second signal for activation in T cell-independent activation of B cells?

Interactions of toll-like receptors with PAMPs Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of plasma cells in T cell-independent activation of B cells?

To secrete large quantities of antibodies Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the surface BCRs of a B cell after differentiation into a plasma cell in T cell-independent activation?

They disappear Signup and view all the answers

Does T cell-independent activation of B cells result in the production of memory B cells?

No Signup and view all the answers

What type of antigens are T-dependent antigens?

Antigens that require the cooperation of helper T cells for activation Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of helper T cells in T cell-dependent activation of B cells?

To secrete cytokines Signup and view all the answers

What is the lag period for primary responses to protein antigens?

Several days Signup and view all the answers

What is the mechanism behind class switching?

A process by which B cells switch from producing IgM to producing IgG antibodies Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between primary and secondary responses to subsequent exposures?

Secondary responses are slower and weaker than primary responses Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of B cells in T cell-dependent activation?

To present antigens to T cells Signup and view all the answers

During the primary response, which antibody class reaches its peak around 14 days after antigen exposure?

IgM Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of TH2 cells during the primary response?

Stimulate B cell differentiation into plasma cells Signup and view all the answers

Which response occurs more quickly and forcefully than the primary response?

Secondary antibody response Signup and view all the answers

What is the lag period for the secondary response?

Only a few days Signup and view all the answers

What is the fate of some of the cloned B cells during the primary response?

They differentiate into memory B cells Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference between plasma cells produced during primary and secondary responses?

Secondary response plasma cells live longer Signup and view all the answers

What is the initial stage of the primary response?

Lag period Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference between antibodies produced during primary and secondary responses?

Secondary response antibodies bind with higher affinity Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of T cell-dependent activation in adaptive immunity?

It plays a role in both the primary and secondary responses Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of helper T cells during the primary response?

Activate naïve mature B cells Signup and view all the answers

How long is the lag period for the primary response to a protein antigen?

10 days Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of memory B cells during the secondary response?

Bind to antigen with BCRs Signup and view all the answers

What is the first step of the primary response to a protein antigen?

Naïve mature B cell binding of antigen with BCRs Signup and view all the answers

Which antibody class is stimulated by TH2 cells to undergo class switching during the primary response?

IgG Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of TH2 cells in the primary response?

To stimulate B cell differentiation into plasma cells Signup and view all the answers

What is the fate of some of the cloned B cells during the secondary response?

They differentiate into plasma cells Signup and view all the answers

When do IgM levels reach their peak during the primary response?

Around 14 days after primary antigen exposure Signup and view all the answers

When do IgG levels reach their peak during the primary response?

Around 21 days after primary antigen exposure Signup and view all the answers

What happens to IgM levels in serum after TH2 stimulates antibody class switching during the primary response?

They begin to decline Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the lag period and IgG production during the secondary response?

The lag period is decreased and IgG production is higher than in the primary response Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between plasma cells produced during primary and secondary responses?

Plasma cells produced during secondary responses live longer Signup and view all the answers

What is the advantage of the secondary response over the primary response?

It produces more IgG Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of memory B cells?

To respond to subsequent exposures Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between the primary and secondary responses to subsequent exposures?

The secondary response is quicker and more forceful Signup and view all the answers

Which type of antigens are involved in T cell-independent activation of B cells?

T-independent antigens Signup and view all the answers

What is the first signal for activation in T cell-independent activation of B cells?

Interaction of BCRs with T-independent antigens Signup and view all the answers

What provides the second signal for activation in T cell-independent activation of B cells?

Toll-like receptors with PAMPs Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of plasma cells?

To secrete large quantities of antibodies Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the surface BCRs of a B cell after differentiation into a plasma cell?

They disappear Signup and view all the answers

Does T cell-independent activation of B cells result in the production of memory B cells?

No Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between T cell-dependent and T cell-independent activation of B cells?

The involvement of helper T cells Signup and view all the answers

What type of antigens are commonly involved in T cell-independent activation of B cells?

T-independent antigens Signup and view all the answers

What is the mechanism of clonal proliferation in T cell-independent activation of B cells?

Activation of daughter cells Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of toll-like receptors in T cell-independent activation of B cells?

To provide the second signal for activation Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of memory B cells?

To mount a secondary response to subsequent exposures Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between primary and secondary responses to subsequent exposures to the same antigen?

The presence of memory B cells Signup and view all the answers

What is the lag period for the primary antibody response to a protein antigen?

10 days Signup and view all the answers

Which type of cells stimulate B cell differentiation into plasma cells during the primary response?

TH2 cells Signup and view all the answers

What is the first stage of the primary response?

Naïve mature B cell binding of antigen with BCRs Signup and view all the answers

During the primary response, which type of antibody levels reach their peak around 14 days after antigen exposure?

IgM Signup and view all the answers

Which type of cells stimulate antibody class switching during the primary response?

TH2 cells Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between the primary and secondary antibody responses?

The secondary response occurs more quickly and forcefully Signup and view all the answers

During the secondary response, which type of antibodies are produced at higher levels?

IgG Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of memory B cells?

To respond to subsequent exposures Signup and view all the answers

What happens to IgM levels in serum after the peak is reached during the primary response?

They begin to decline Signup and view all the answers

Which type of cells produce antibodies during the secondary response?

Plasma cells Signup and view all the answers

What is the lag period for the secondary response?

A few days Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between the antibodies produced during the primary and secondary responses?

The antibodies produced during the secondary response are more effective Signup and view all the answers

During the primary response to a protein antigen, how long is the lag period before IgM levels rise in the serum?

10 days Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of TH2 cells during the primary response to a protein antigen?

Stimulate B cell differentiation into plasma cells Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary antibody class produced during the lag period of the primary response to a protein antigen?

IgM Signup and view all the answers

What stimulates antibody class switching during the primary response to a protein antigen?

TH2 cells Signup and view all the answers

During the primary response to a protein antigen, when do IgM levels in serum begin to decline?

Around 14 days after antigen exposure Signup and view all the answers

What is the peak antibody class produced during the primary response to a protein antigen?

IgG Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between the lag period of the primary and secondary responses to a protein antigen?

Primary response has a longer lag period than secondary response Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference in IgG production between the primary and secondary responses to a protein antigen?

Secondary response produces more IgG than primary response Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference in antibody affinity between the primary and secondary responses to a protein antigen?

Secondary response antibodies have higher affinity than primary response antibodies Signup and view all the answers

What is the fate of some of the cloned B cells during the primary response to a protein antigen?

They differentiate into memory B cells Signup and view all the answers

What is the fate of plasma cells produced during the secondary response to a protein antigen?

They live longer than those produced during the primary response Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of T cells in T cell-dependent activation of B cells?

Activate helper T cells Signup and view all the answers

B Cell Activation and Maturation Quiz ch 18.4

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Questions and Answers

Where do B cells mature?

What is the function of negative selection during B cell maturation?

What is the difference between BCRs and TCRs?

What is the difference between T cell-dependent and T cell-independent activation of B cells?

What is the mechanism behind class switching?

What is the lag period for primary responses to protein antigens?

What is the difference between primary and secondary responses to subsequent exposures?

What is the function of B cells in T cell-dependent activation?

What is the difference between naïve mature B cells and plasma cells?

Where do B cells mature?

What is the function of negative selection during B cell maturation?

What is the difference between BCRs and TCRs?

What is the difference between T cell-dependent and T cell-independent activation of B cells?

What is the mechanism behind class switching?

What is the lag period for primary responses to protein antigens?

What is the difference between primary and secondary responses to subsequent exposures?

What is the function of B cells in T cell-dependent activation?

What is the difference between naïve mature B cells and plasma cells?

Where do B cells mature?

What is the function of positive selection during B cell maturation?

What is the primary difference between BCRs and TCRs?

What is the difference between T cell-dependent and T cell-independent activation of B cells?

What is the function of class switching or isotype switching?

What is the lag period for primary responses to protein antigens?

What is the main difference between primary and secondary responses to subsequent exposures to antigens?

What is the role of B cells in T cell-dependent activation?

What is the difference between naïve mature B cells and plasma cells?

What is the difference between B cells and T cells?

What is the function of negative selection during B cell maturation?

What provides millions of unique antigen-binding sites for BCR and antibodies secreted after activation?

What is required for T cell-dependent activation of B cells?

What is the result of T cell-independent activation of B cells?

What is the function of plasma cells cloned from the same activated B cell?

What is the lag period for primary responses to protein antigens?

What is the difference between primary and secondary responses to subsequent exposures?

What is the mechanism behind class switching?

What is the difference between naïve mature B cells and plasma cells?

What is the function of B cells in T cell-dependent activation?

What is the difference between B cells and T cells in terms of antigen recognition?

What is the primary site of B cell maturation?

What is the function of negative selection during B cell maturation?

What is the B cell receptor (BCR) of a naïve mature B cell?

How many BCRs does a naïve mature B cell have on its membrane?

What provides millions of unique antigen-binding sites for BCR and antibodies secreted after activation?

What is the main difference between BCRs and TCRs?

What type of activation occurs when BCRs interact with T-independent antigens?

What is the mechanism behind T cell-dependent activation of B cells?

What is the result of linked recognition between B cells and helper T cells specific to the same antigen?

What is the function of class switching or isotype switching?

What is the lag period for primary responses to protein antigens?

What is the main difference between primary and secondary responses to subsequent exposures?

What is the primary site of B cell maturation and development?

What is the purpose of negative selection during B cell maturation?

What is the function of B cell receptors (BCRs) on naïve mature B cells?

How many BCRs does each naïve mature B cell have on its membrane?

What provides millions of unique antigen-binding sites for BCR and antibodies secreted after activation?

What is the difference between BCRs and TCRs?

What type of activation occurs when BCRs interact with T-independent antigens?

What occurs during T cell-dependent activation of B cells?

What is the purpose of linked recognition between B cells and helper T cells during T cell-dependent activation?

What is the purpose of class switching during B cell activation?

What is the lag period for primary responses to protein antigens?

What is the difference between primary and secondary responses to subsequent exposures?

What is the primary location of B cell maturation?

What is the function of negative selection during B cell maturation?

What are the membrane-bound monomeric forms of IgD and IgM called?

How many BCRs does each naïve mature B cell have on its membrane?

What provides millions of unique antigen-binding sites for BCR and antibodies secreted after activation?

What is the difference between BCRs and TCRs?

What type of activation occurs when BCRs interact with T-independent antigens?

What type of activation occurs in response to protein antigens?

What is the result of linked recognition between B cells and helper T cells specific to the same antigen?

What is the process that allows plasma cells cloned from the same activated B cell to produce a variety of antibody classes with the same epitope specificity?

What is the lag period for primary responses to protein antigens?

What is the difference between primary and secondary responses to subsequent exposures?

What is the epitope-binding specificity of each B cell?

How is the variable region of BCRs generated?