Podcast
Questions and Answers
Which term describes structures closer to the center of the body?
Which term describes structures closer to the center of the body?
- Lateral
- Distal
- Superficial
- Central (correct)
In which anatomical plane does movement occur when raising arms sideways?
In which anatomical plane does movement occur when raising arms sideways?
- Oblique plane
- Frontal plane (correct)
- Saggital plane
- Transverse plane
Which term distinguishes between structures located toward the front and those toward the back of the body?
Which term distinguishes between structures located toward the front and those toward the back of the body?
- Bilateral vs. Unilateral
- Cranial vs. Caudal
- Dorsal vs. Ventral
- Anterior vs. Posterior (correct)
What is the relationship between the muscular system and the skeletal system?
What is the relationship between the muscular system and the skeletal system?
Which axis corresponds to movements in the transverse plane?
Which axis corresponds to movements in the transverse plane?
What is the primary function of cartilage in the skeletal system?
What is the primary function of cartilage in the skeletal system?
Which pair of terms indicates a relationship of equal positions on opposite sides of the body?
Which pair of terms indicates a relationship of equal positions on opposite sides of the body?
Which anatomical term applies to a structure further from the point of attachment?
Which anatomical term applies to a structure further from the point of attachment?
What is true about muscle contractions?
What is true about muscle contractions?
Which type of muscle contraction occurs when a muscle shortens while generating force?
Which type of muscle contraction occurs when a muscle shortens while generating force?
Which of these types of muscle contractions does not involve a change in muscle length?
Which of these types of muscle contractions does not involve a change in muscle length?
What describes the characteristic behavior of muscles during contraction?
What describes the characteristic behavior of muscles during contraction?
During which type of contraction does a muscle lengthen while maintaining tension?
During which type of contraction does a muscle lengthen while maintaining tension?
What happens to the actin and myosin filaments during muscle contraction?
What happens to the actin and myosin filaments during muscle contraction?
What is NOT one of the types of muscular contraction?
What is NOT one of the types of muscular contraction?
What is a defining feature of an eccentric contraction?
What is a defining feature of an eccentric contraction?
What type of muscle contraction is specifically called isotonic contraction?
What type of muscle contraction is specifically called isotonic contraction?
Which statement about the skeletal muscle is incorrect?
Which statement about the skeletal muscle is incorrect?
What is the primary role of osteoblasts in bone health?
What is the primary role of osteoblasts in bone health?
Which type of fracture involves bone fragments that pierce the skin?
Which type of fracture involves bone fragments that pierce the skin?
Which type of fracture is classified as a simple fracture with only partial bending?
Which type of fracture is classified as a simple fracture with only partial bending?
What can decreased bone collagen production lead to?
What can decreased bone collagen production lead to?
Which type of bone is the patella classified as?
Which type of bone is the patella classified as?
What type of muscle tissue is characterized by a banded or striped pattern?
What type of muscle tissue is characterized by a banded or striped pattern?
What is a motor unit composed of?
What is a motor unit composed of?
Which property of muscle tissue allows it to return to its original shape after stretching?
Which property of muscle tissue allows it to return to its original shape after stretching?
In which type of muscle tissue would you find the greatest elasticity?
In which type of muscle tissue would you find the greatest elasticity?
What is the correct order of muscle structural organization from smallest to largest?
What is the correct order of muscle structural organization from smallest to largest?
Which of the following is NOT a property of muscle tissue?
Which of the following is NOT a property of muscle tissue?
What distinguishes striated muscle from other types of muscle?
What distinguishes striated muscle from other types of muscle?
Which statement about smooth muscles is true?
Which statement about smooth muscles is true?
What is the function of myosin in muscle tissue?
What is the function of myosin in muscle tissue?
Which muscle property refers to the ability to respond to stimuli?
Which muscle property refers to the ability to respond to stimuli?
What is the primary role of agonist muscles during contraction?
What is the primary role of agonist muscles during contraction?
What is the difference between a grade 1 muscle strain and a grade 2 muscle strain?
What is the difference between a grade 1 muscle strain and a grade 2 muscle strain?
Which term best describes muscles that assist agonist muscles in performing a movement?
Which term best describes muscles that assist agonist muscles in performing a movement?
What role do antagonist muscles serve during a muscular contraction?
What role do antagonist muscles serve during a muscular contraction?
Which type of cartilage is primarily responsible for providing cushioning in joints?
Which type of cartilage is primarily responsible for providing cushioning in joints?
What is a common characteristic of both osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis?
What is a common characteristic of both osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis?
Which of the following describes a complete muscle tear?
Which of the following describes a complete muscle tear?
What tissue is primarily responsible for insulating the body and storing energy?
What tissue is primarily responsible for insulating the body and storing energy?
What type of cartilage is essential for the structure of intervertebral discs?
What type of cartilage is essential for the structure of intervertebral discs?
Which of the following is not a treatment method for muscle strains?
Which of the following is not a treatment method for muscle strains?
What type of joint allows for movement in several directions and is characterized as a multi-axial joint?
What type of joint allows for movement in several directions and is characterized as a multi-axial joint?
What describes the primary function of osteoclasts in bone development?
What describes the primary function of osteoclasts in bone development?
Which grade of ligament sprain is characterized by a complete tear?
Which grade of ligament sprain is characterized by a complete tear?
During high bone growth, what is typically true regarding the activity of osteoblasts?
During high bone growth, what is typically true regarding the activity of osteoblasts?
What impact does decreased collagen production have on bone health?
What impact does decreased collagen production have on bone health?
Which type of fracture is characterized by bone fragments piercing the skin?
Which type of fracture is characterized by bone fragments piercing the skin?
How is the relationship between exercise and bone density described?
How is the relationship between exercise and bone density described?
What type of bone is the femur classified as?
What type of bone is the femur classified as?
What is a distinguishing factor between a strain and a sprain?
What is a distinguishing factor between a strain and a sprain?
What is a key function of osteoclasts in bone health?
What is a key function of osteoclasts in bone health?
What is the primary function of cartilage in the skeletal system?
What is the primary function of cartilage in the skeletal system?
Which type of fracture involves twisting forces and typically occurs in sports injuries?
Which type of fracture involves twisting forces and typically occurs in sports injuries?
What happens to bone density as a result of aging?
What happens to bone density as a result of aging?
What is the result of increased activity of osteoblasts?
What is the result of increased activity of osteoblasts?
Which of the following types of bones is characterized by their uniform thickness and structural strength?
Which of the following types of bones is characterized by their uniform thickness and structural strength?
What is the primary characteristic of a depressed fracture?
What is the primary characteristic of a depressed fracture?
What is the primary consequence of a muscle's inability to push during contraction?
What is the primary consequence of a muscle's inability to push during contraction?
Which type of muscular contraction is characterized by muscle lengthening while maintaining tension?
Which type of muscular contraction is characterized by muscle lengthening while maintaining tension?
During which type of contraction does the muscle not change in length and continues to exert force?
During which type of contraction does the muscle not change in length and continues to exert force?
What is the nature of a concentric contraction?
What is the nature of a concentric contraction?
What type of contraction is often described as isotonic contraction?
What type of contraction is often described as isotonic contraction?
In terms of muscle function, what does the term phasic contraction refer to?
In terms of muscle function, what does the term phasic contraction refer to?
Which of the following best describes a significant limitation of muscular contractions?
Which of the following best describes a significant limitation of muscular contractions?
How do actin and myosin filaments behave during muscle contraction?
How do actin and myosin filaments behave during muscle contraction?
Which of the following accurately describes the composition of the neurocranium?
Which of the following accurately describes the composition of the neurocranium?
Which type of spinal curvature is characterized by an excessive outward curvature of the spine?
Which type of spinal curvature is characterized by an excessive outward curvature of the spine?
How many lumbar vertebrae are present in the human spine?
How many lumbar vertebrae are present in the human spine?
What type of joint is formed by the condylar process of the mandible articulating with the temporal bone?
What type of joint is formed by the condylar process of the mandible articulating with the temporal bone?
Which structure is NOT part of the viscerocranium?
Which structure is NOT part of the viscerocranium?
Which curvature of the spine is associated with the cervical region?
Which curvature of the spine is associated with the cervical region?
What is the primary structural difference between the neurocranium and the viscerocranium?
What is the primary structural difference between the neurocranium and the viscerocranium?
Which condition describes a lateral bending of the spine?
Which condition describes a lateral bending of the spine?
Which statement accurately describes the components of a motor unit?
Which statement accurately describes the components of a motor unit?
How does aging affect muscle mass?
How does aging affect muscle mass?
Which of the following movements occurs in the frontal plane?
Which of the following movements occurs in the frontal plane?
Which cranial bone exists as a single unit rather than a pair?
Which cranial bone exists as a single unit rather than a pair?
Which of the following is not classified as a component of the muscular system?
Which of the following is not classified as a component of the muscular system?
What is the primary function of osteoblasts?
What is the primary function of osteoblasts?
Which statement about muscle fibers is correct?
Which statement about muscle fibers is correct?
Which option incorrectly describes the relationship between muscle and motor units?
Which option incorrectly describes the relationship between muscle and motor units?
Study Notes
Muscles
- Muscles can only pull, not push
- Muscles cause movement at the joints they cross
- There are three types of muscle contractions: Isometric, Concentric, Eccentric
- Isometric: No change in muscle length
- Concentric: Muscle shortens
- Eccentric: Muscle lengthens
Joints
- Synovial joints are the most common type of joint in the body
- Synovial joints allow for a wide range of movement
- Synovial Joints are categorized by their planes of movement
- Uniaxial: One plane of movement (hinge, pivot)
- Biaxial: Two planes of movement (condyloid, saddle)
- Multiaxial: Three planes of movement (ball and socket)
- Stability vs. mobility is a key consideration when discussing joints
- A sprain is an injury to a ligament
- A strain is an injury to a muscle
Bones
- Bone development begins in utero and continues until around 20 years old
- Bones grow from the epiphyseal plates at the end of each bone
- Osteoblasts build bone
- Osteoclasts break down bone
- Mechanical stress increases osteoblast activity, leading to stronger bones
- Aging leads to decreased bone production, increased bone absorption, and increased bone brittleness
Fractures
- There are many types of fractures
- Simple fractures involve only bones
- Compound fractures involve bones piercing the skin
Bone Types
- There are five types of bones: Long, Short, Flat, Sesamoid, Irregular
Articulations
- Articulations are bony surfaces that rub together
The Skull
- The skull is divided into two parts: Neurocranium and Viscerocranium
- Neurocranium holds 8 bones
- Viscerocranium holds 14 bones
- The mandible articulates with the temporal bone to form the temporomandibular joint (TMJ)
- Fontanels are soft spots in the skull of infants, which later fuse into sutures
- The human skull is made up of 22 bones
The Spine
- The spine is made up of 24 stacked vertebrae, on top of the sacrum and coccyx
- There are four spine curves: Cervical lordosis, thoracic kyphosis, lumbar lordosis, sacral kyphosis
- Scoliosis is a lateral bending of the spine
- The spine is made up of 33 vertebrae
Vertebrae
- There are three types of vertebrae: Cervical (7), Thoracic (12), Lumbar (5)
Motor Units
- A motor unit consists of one motor neuron and all the muscle fibers it innervates
Aging and Muscles
- Muscle mass is replaced by adipose tissue and fibrous connective tissue with age
Movement Planes
- The frontal plane is a vertical plane that divides the body into front and back sections. Movements in this plane are about the sagittal axis.
- Movements in the frontal plane include: Adduction, Abduction
- Movements in the sagittal plane include: Flexion, Extension
- Movements in the transverse plane include: Rotation.
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