Anatomy Review #1
83 Questions
6 Views

Choose a study mode

Play Quiz
Study Flashcards
Spaced Repetition
Chat to Lesson

Podcast

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson

Questions and Answers

Which term describes structures closer to the center of the body?

  • Lateral
  • Distal
  • Superficial
  • Central (correct)

In which anatomical plane does movement occur when raising arms sideways?

  • Oblique plane
  • Frontal plane (correct)
  • Saggital plane
  • Transverse plane

Which term distinguishes between structures located toward the front and those toward the back of the body?

  • Bilateral vs. Unilateral
  • Cranial vs. Caudal
  • Dorsal vs. Ventral
  • Anterior vs. Posterior (correct)

What is the relationship between the muscular system and the skeletal system?

<p>Muscles contract to move bones (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which axis corresponds to movements in the transverse plane?

<p>Longitudinal axis (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of cartilage in the skeletal system?

<p>Reducing friction at joints (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which pair of terms indicates a relationship of equal positions on opposite sides of the body?

<p>Bilateral vs. Unilateral (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which anatomical term applies to a structure further from the point of attachment?

<p>Distal (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is true about muscle contractions?

<p>Muscles only cross the joints they cause motion at. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of muscle contraction occurs when a muscle shortens while generating force?

<p>Concentric contraction (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of these types of muscle contractions does not involve a change in muscle length?

<p>Isometric contraction (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What describes the characteristic behavior of muscles during contraction?

<p>Muscles can only pull. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

During which type of contraction does a muscle lengthen while maintaining tension?

<p>Eccentric contraction (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the actin and myosin filaments during muscle contraction?

<p>They glide past each other. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is NOT one of the types of muscular contraction?

<p>Static contraction (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a defining feature of an eccentric contraction?

<p>It occurs while the muscle is lengthening. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of muscle contraction is specifically called isotonic contraction?

<p>Both concentric and eccentric contractions (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement about the skeletal muscle is incorrect?

<p>Skeletal muscles are involuntary in nature. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of osteoblasts in bone health?

<p>To rebuild and strengthen bones (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of fracture involves bone fragments that pierce the skin?

<p>Compound fracture (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of fracture is classified as a simple fracture with only partial bending?

<p>Greenstick fracture (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What can decreased bone collagen production lead to?

<p>Increased risk of osteoporosis (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of bone is the patella classified as?

<p>Sesamoid bone (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of muscle tissue is characterized by a banded or striped pattern?

<p>Skeletal muscle (A), Striated muscle (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a motor unit composed of?

<p>One motor neuron and all of the muscle fibers it innervates (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which property of muscle tissue allows it to return to its original shape after stretching?

<p>Elasticity (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In which type of muscle tissue would you find the greatest elasticity?

<p>Smooth muscle (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the correct order of muscle structural organization from smallest to largest?

<p>Myofibril &lt; Endomysium &lt; Fascicle &lt; Epimysium (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a property of muscle tissue?

<p>Cohesiveness (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes striated muscle from other types of muscle?

<p>An organized arrangement of actin and myosin filaments (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement about smooth muscles is true?

<p>They possess high elasticity compared to other muscle types (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of myosin in muscle tissue?

<p>To form the primary contractile units within muscle fibers (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which muscle property refers to the ability to respond to stimuli?

<p>Electrical excitability (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of agonist muscles during contraction?

<p>To initiate movement (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between a grade 1 muscle strain and a grade 2 muscle strain?

<p>Grade 1 is a slight tear, while grade 2 is an incomplete tear. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which term best describes muscles that assist agonist muscles in performing a movement?

<p>Synergists (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role do antagonist muscles serve during a muscular contraction?

<p>They relax to allow movement. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of cartilage is primarily responsible for providing cushioning in joints?

<p>Hyaline cartilage (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common characteristic of both osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis?

<p>Both lead to joint inflammation. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following describes a complete muscle tear?

<p>Grade 3 strain (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What tissue is primarily responsible for insulating the body and storing energy?

<p>Adipose tissue (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of cartilage is essential for the structure of intervertebral discs?

<p>Fibrocartilage (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is not a treatment method for muscle strains?

<p>Surgery (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of joint allows for movement in several directions and is characterized as a multi-axial joint?

<p>Ball and socket joint (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What describes the primary function of osteoclasts in bone development?

<p>Crushing or resorbing bone (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which grade of ligament sprain is characterized by a complete tear?

<p>Grade 3 (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

During high bone growth, what is typically true regarding the activity of osteoblasts?

<p>They outnumber osteoclasts (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What impact does decreased collagen production have on bone health?

<p>Increases bone brittleness (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of fracture is characterized by bone fragments piercing the skin?

<p>Compound fracture (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How is the relationship between exercise and bone density described?

<p>Exercise promotes bone density through mechanical stress (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of bone is the femur classified as?

<p>Long bone (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a distinguishing factor between a strain and a sprain?

<p>Strains involve muscle tissue, sprains involve ligaments (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a key function of osteoclasts in bone health?

<p>Breaking down bone tissue (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of cartilage in the skeletal system?

<p>To provide cushioning and support between bones (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of fracture involves twisting forces and typically occurs in sports injuries?

<p>Spiral fracture (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens to bone density as a result of aging?

<p>Osteoclast activity increases leading to loss of bone density (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of increased activity of osteoblasts?

<p>Increased collagen production (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following types of bones is characterized by their uniform thickness and structural strength?

<p>Flat bones (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary characteristic of a depressed fracture?

<p>A portion of the bone is pushed inward (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary consequence of a muscle's inability to push during contraction?

<p>Muscles can only cause motion at joints they cross. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of muscular contraction is characterized by muscle lengthening while maintaining tension?

<p>Eccentric contraction (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

During which type of contraction does the muscle not change in length and continues to exert force?

<p>Isometric contraction (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the nature of a concentric contraction?

<p>The muscle shortens while generating force. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of contraction is often described as isotonic contraction?

<p>Concentric contraction (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In terms of muscle function, what does the term phasic contraction refer to?

<p>A contraction that may shorten or lengthen the muscle. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes a significant limitation of muscular contractions?

<p>They cannot produce motion without the skeletal system. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do actin and myosin filaments behave during muscle contraction?

<p>They slide past each other to shorten the muscle. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following accurately describes the composition of the neurocranium?

<p>Holds 8 bones including the sphenoid and occipital bones (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of spinal curvature is characterized by an excessive outward curvature of the spine?

<p>Kyphosis (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How many lumbar vertebrae are present in the human spine?

<p>5 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of joint is formed by the condylar process of the mandible articulating with the temporal bone?

<p>Temporomandibular joint (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which structure is NOT part of the viscerocranium?

<p>Glenoid fossa (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which curvature of the spine is associated with the cervical region?

<p>Cervical lordosis (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary structural difference between the neurocranium and the viscerocranium?

<p>Neurocranium encases the brain, while viscerocranium forms the facial skeleton (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which condition describes a lateral bending of the spine?

<p>Scoliosis (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement accurately describes the components of a motor unit?

<p>A motor unit includes one motor neuron and all muscle fibres it innervates. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does aging affect muscle mass?

<p>Muscle mass is replaced by adipose tissue and fibrous connective tissue. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following movements occurs in the frontal plane?

<p>Adduction (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which cranial bone exists as a single unit rather than a pair?

<p>Vomer (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is not classified as a component of the muscular system?

<p>Heart (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of osteoblasts?

<p>Lay down new bone (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement about muscle fibers is correct?

<p>Muscle fibers lose size and strength with age. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which option incorrectly describes the relationship between muscle and motor units?

<p>All muscle fibers in a muscle are innervated by the same motor neuron. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Muscles

  • Muscles can only pull, not push
  • Muscles cause movement at the joints they cross
  • There are three types of muscle contractions: Isometric, Concentric, Eccentric
  • Isometric: No change in muscle length
  • Concentric: Muscle shortens
  • Eccentric: Muscle lengthens

Joints

  • Synovial joints are the most common type of joint in the body
  • Synovial joints allow for a wide range of movement
  • Synovial Joints are categorized by their planes of movement
  • Uniaxial: One plane of movement (hinge, pivot)
  • Biaxial: Two planes of movement (condyloid, saddle)
  • Multiaxial: Three planes of movement (ball and socket)
  • Stability vs. mobility is a key consideration when discussing joints
  • A sprain is an injury to a ligament
  • A strain is an injury to a muscle

Bones

  • Bone development begins in utero and continues until around 20 years old
  • Bones grow from the epiphyseal plates at the end of each bone
  • Osteoblasts build bone
  • Osteoclasts break down bone
  • Mechanical stress increases osteoblast activity, leading to stronger bones
  • Aging leads to decreased bone production, increased bone absorption, and increased bone brittleness

Fractures

  • There are many types of fractures
  • Simple fractures involve only bones
  • Compound fractures involve bones piercing the skin

Bone Types

  • There are five types of bones: Long, Short, Flat, Sesamoid, Irregular

Articulations

  • Articulations are bony surfaces that rub together

The Skull

  • The skull is divided into two parts: Neurocranium and Viscerocranium
  • Neurocranium holds 8 bones
  • Viscerocranium holds 14 bones
  • The mandible articulates with the temporal bone to form the temporomandibular joint (TMJ)
  • Fontanels are soft spots in the skull of infants, which later fuse into sutures
  • The human skull is made up of 22 bones

The Spine

  • The spine is made up of 24 stacked vertebrae, on top of the sacrum and coccyx
  • There are four spine curves: Cervical lordosis, thoracic kyphosis, lumbar lordosis, sacral kyphosis
  • Scoliosis is a lateral bending of the spine
  • The spine is made up of 33 vertebrae

Vertebrae

  • There are three types of vertebrae: Cervical (7), Thoracic (12), Lumbar (5)

Motor Units

  • A motor unit consists of one motor neuron and all the muscle fibers it innervates

Aging and Muscles

  • Muscle mass is replaced by adipose tissue and fibrous connective tissue with age

Movement Planes

  • The frontal plane is a vertical plane that divides the body into front and back sections. Movements in this plane are about the sagittal axis.
  • Movements in the frontal plane include: Adduction, Abduction
  • Movements in the sagittal plane include: Flexion, Extension
  • Movements in the transverse plane include: Rotation.

Studying That Suits You

Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.

Quiz Team

Related Documents

Review Session 1 PDF

More Like This

Anatomy and Physiology Review Quarter 1
5 questions
Human Anatomy Midterm Review 1
10 questions
Anatomy review 1
43 questions

Anatomy review 1

UnquestionableAnaphora8808 avatar
UnquestionableAnaphora8808
Use Quizgecko on...
Browser
Browser