Anatomy review 1
43 Questions
0 Views

Choose a study mode

Play Quiz
Study Flashcards
Spaced Repetition
Chat to lesson

Podcast

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson

Questions and Answers

Which type of muscle tissue is responsible for involuntary movements and is found in walls of organs?

  • Smooth muscle (correct)
  • Striated muscle
  • Cardiac muscle
  • Skeletal muscle

    • What is the main function of elastic cartilage?

  • Connect bone to muscle
  • Provide flexible support (correct)
  • Facilitate joint movement
  • Cushion joint spaces

    • In the spinal anatomy, which section contains the most vertebrae?

  • Lumbar
  • Cervical
  • Sacral
  • Thoracic (correct)

    • What type of muscle contraction involves a change in muscle length while producing constant tension?

    <p>Isotonic contraction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which condition occurs due to the premature fusion of cranial sutures, affecting skull shape?

    <p>Craniosynostosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many bones are included in the neurocranium?

    <p>8</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement correctly describes the types of vertebrae in the human spine?

    <p>Thoracic vertebrae are the least mobile.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the condylar process of the mandible?

    <p>To articulate with the temporal bone.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which spinal condition is characterized by lateral bending of the spine?

    <p>Scoliosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When does craniosynostosis occur?

    <p>When sutures fuse prematurely.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which curve type is associated with the cervical region of the spine?

    <p>Cervical lordosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the functions of cartilage in the human body?

    <p>Reducing friction between joints.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main characteristic of muscle contraction identified in skeletal muscle tissue?

    <p>Multi-nucleated fibers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of joint allows for the greatest range of motion?

    <p>Ball and socket joints</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of ligaments?

    <p>Connect bone to bone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which grade of ligament sprain represents a complete tear?

    <p>Grade 3</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cells are primarily responsible for bone resorption?

    <p>Osteoclasts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What process begins in utero and continues until around 20 years of age?

    <p>Bone development</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which muscle type is responsible for involuntary contractions?

    <p>Smooth muscle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary component of fibrocartilage?

    <p>Collagen fibers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of bones, what is the effect of aging on bone density?

    <p>Increased osteoclast activity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of muscle contraction occurs when the muscle lengthens under tension?

    <p>Eccentric contraction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which condition results from the premature fusion of skull sutures?

    <p>Craniosynostosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of bone is characterized by being approximately as long as they are wide, providing support and flexibility?

    <p>Short bones</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of fracture is characterized by bone fragments piercing the skin?

    <p>Compound fracture</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What activity is primarily responsible for the breakdown of bones through enhanced osteoclast activity?

    <p>Sedentary lifestyle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of muscle tissue is responsible for involuntary movements, such as those in the heart?

    <p>Cardiac muscle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of cartilage serves as a shock absorber between vertebrae in the spine?

    <p>Fibrocartilage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of osteoblasts in bone tissue?

    <p>To build and strengthen bones</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In craniosynostosis, which anatomical part is most directly affected?

    <p>The sutures of the skull</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of fracture involves a twisting force that can cause the bone to break diagonally?

    <p>Spiral fracture</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a function of muscles?

    <p>Bone rigidity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What effect does decreased collagen production have on bone health?

    <p>Increased bone fragility</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of joint is exemplified by the elbow?

    <p>Uniaxial joint</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following describes the primary function of the axial skeleton?

    <p>Protection of vital organs and support of the body</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes synovial joints from fibrous and cartilaginous joints?

    <p>Synovial joints are mobile and have specialized roles for larger movements.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which muscle tissue type is primarily responsible for voluntary movements in the body?

    <p>Skeletal muscle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main characteristic of fibrocartilage?

    <p>It has a high tensile strength and is found in intervertebral discs.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of joint allows for the movements of abduction and adduction?

    <p>Biaxial joint</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Craniosynostosis primarily affects which of the following?

    <p>The fusion of cranial sutures in infants</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the functional advantage of multiaxial joints?

    <p>They allow for movement across multiple planes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which option correctly matches the type of muscle contraction with its characteristic?

    <p>Concentric - muscle shortens while contracting</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes the appendicular skeleton?

    <p>Comprises bones of the upper and lower limbs, including the pelvic and shoulder girdles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Neurocranium - 8 Bones

    • 1 frontal bone
    • 2 parietal bones
    • 2 temporal bones
    • 1 occipital bone
    • 1 sphenoid bone
    • 1 ethmoid bone

    Viscerocranium - 14 Bones

    • 2 maxilla bones
    • 2 nasal bones
    • 2 lacrimal bones
    • 2 inferior nasal conchae
    • 1 vomer bone
    • 1 mandible
    • 2 zygomatic bones
    • 2 palatine bones

    Mandible

    • Articulates with temporal bone
    • Forms the temporomandibular joint (TMJ)

    Fontanels to Sutures

    • Fontanels are fibrous membranes
    • Flexible and allow for brain growth
    • Ossify eventually, forming sutures

    Spine

    • 24 vertebrae stacked on top of sacrum and coccyx
    • 2 curve types (kyphosis, lordosis)
    • 4 curves:
      • Cervical lordosis
      • Thoracic kyphosis
      • Lumbar lordosis
      • Sacral kyphosis
    • Scoliosis - lateral bending of the spine

    Vertebrae Types

    • Cervical (7), thoracic (12), lumbar (5)

    Synovial Joints

    • Uniaxial
      • Pivot
      • Hinge
    • Biaxial
      • Condyloid
      • Saddle
    • Multiaxial
      • Ball and Socket
    • Planar

    Joint Stability vs Mobility

    • Knee joint is a complex joint
    • Has a high degree of mobility
    • But also needs to be stable
    • Ligaments and muscles help to achieve this balance

    Ligament Sprains

    • Grade 1: Slight tear
    • Grade 2: Incomplete tear
    • Grade 3: Complete tear!
    • RICE method:
      • Rest
      • Ice
      • Compression
      • Elevation
    • SPRAIN is for ligaments
    • STRAIN is for muscle

    Muscular System

    • Components:
      • Muscles
      • Tendons/aponeuroses
      • Motor units
    • Functions:
      • Movement
      • Maintain posture and position
      • Sphincter control
      • Homeostasis

    Skeletal System

    • Components:
      • Bones
      • Cartilage
      • Ligaments
    • Functions:
      • Support
      • Protection
      • Force translation
      • RBC production
      • Mineral storage

    Bone Development

    • Begins in utero and continues until around 20 years
    • Grows from the epiphyseal plates at the end of each bone
    • Osteoblasts - Build bones
    • Osteoclasts - “Crush” bones
    • During times of high bone growth, high osteoblast content

    Adaptations to Bones

    • Exercise:
      • Impact and weight bearing activities
      • Increases osteoblasts
    • Aging:
      • Osteoclasts increase
      • Decreases bone production and increases bone absorption
      • Can lead to osteoporosis

    Bone Attachments

    • Projections that act as anchor points

    Bone Pathways

    • Depressions, holes, openings

    Types of Joints

    • Fibrous: Immovable
      • Sutures, syndesmosis, gomphosis
    • Cartilaginous: Small amount of movement, very stable
      • Symphysis
    • Synovial: Mobile, specialized joints for large movements
      • Elbow, wrist, hip

    Joint Shape

    • Shape of joint affects:
      • Function
      • Stability
    • Biaxial Joints:
      • Carpals, Metacarpals, Metatarsals
    • Uniaxial Joints:
      • Elbow, Vertebrae
    • Multiaxial Joints:
      • Ball and Socket (Shoulder)

    Joint Movements

    • Abduction/Adduction
    • Flexion/Extension
    • Rotation
    • Circumduction

    Axial Skeleton

    • Bones of the trunk
    • Skull and mandible
    • Hyoid bone
    • Vertebral column
    • Ribs
    • Sternum

    Appendicular Skeleton

    • Bones of the upper and lower limbs
    • Pelvic girdle
    • Shoulder girdle
    • Bones of the upper and lower limb

    Bone Health and Aging

    • Increased impact and weight-bearing activities increase bone mass
    • Aging:
      • Decreased collagen
      • Increased bone brittleness
      • Can lead to osteoporosis

    Fracture Types

    • Simple Fractures
      • Greenstick: Only bone
      • Epiphyseal: Only bones
    • Compound Fractures
      • Bone/bone fragments pierce skin

    Fracture Types (Specific Types)

    • Spiral
    • Compression
    • Comminuted
    • Depressed

    Types of Bones (Examples)

    • Long bones: Femur
    • Short bones: Tarsal bones
    • Flat bones: Sternum
    • Sesamoid bones: Patella
    • Irregular bones: Vertebrae

    Articulations

    • Bony surfaces that rub together

    Motor Units

    • Consist of one motor neuron and all muscle fibers it innervates.

    Aging and Muscle Mass

    • Muscle mass is replaced by adipose tissue and fibrous connective tissue.

    Planes of Movement

    • Frontal plane: Movement around the sagittal axis
      • Adduction, abduction

    Skull Bones

    • Vomer bone does not exist as a pair (2 - one each side)

    Muscular System Components

    • Heart is not a component of the muscular system.

    Osteoblasts

    • Lay down new bone.

    Study Questions

    • What is the Temporomandibular Joint (TMJ)?
    • What are the four curves of the spine?
    • What is the RICE method?
    • What are the functions of the muscular system?
    • How does exercise affect bone health?
    • What are the different types of fractures?
    • What are the five types of bones?
    • What are the different types of synovial joints?
    • What are the functions of osteoblasts?
    • What are the planes of movement?
    • What are the components of a motor unit?
    • What happens to muscle mass as we age?

    Studying That Suits You

    Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.

    Quiz Team

    Related Documents

    Review Session 1 PDF

    Description

    This quiz covers the basic anatomy of the neurocranium and viscerocranium, including the various bones that comprise the skull. Additionally, it explores the structure of the spine, types of vertebrae, and synovial joints. Test your knowledge on cranial anatomy, vertebrae types, and joint classifications.

    More Like This

    Use Quizgecko on...
    Browser
    Open
    Browser
    Browser