Système Urinaire Module 5

Exam Details

Date: Tuesday, December 10th
Time: 10:30 AM - 12:30 PM
Location: Online, Canvas > Quizzes page
Format: Multiple Choice, True/False
Content:
- Module 5: Urinary System
- Module 6: Nervous System
- Module 7: Digestive System
- Module 8: Lymphatic/Immune System (fewer than 10 questions)

Urinary System

Functions: The Urinary System has 6 functions.
Major Structures: Kidneys, Ureters, Bladder, Urethra.
- Number and function of each.
- Differences between male and female urethras (and UTIs).
Bladder Folds: Empty bladder folds are described.
Muscular Bladder Layer: The muscular layer of the bladder is named.
Excretion: Defined as a bodily process.
Nitrogenous Wastes: Three main types of nitrogenous wastes are mentioned.
Kidney Regions: Three regions of the kidney and the covering are identified.
Nephron:
- Regions of the nephron tubule (Bowman's Capsule, PCT, Loop of Henle, DCT, Collecting Duct).
- Blood flow pathway through the nephron.
- Urine/filtrate pathway through the nephron.
- Role of the 2 sphincter muscles (one voluntary, one involuntary) in the bladder
Urine Formation: Three processes of urine formation, and the direction of substance movement (blood to urine or urine to blood) are detailed.

Nervous System

Main Divisions: Two main divisions of the nervous system and their components are mentioned.
Neurons: Difference between afferent and efferent neurons.
Somatic Nervous System: Whether under voluntary or involuntary control.
Autonomic Nervous System: Whether under voluntary or involuntary control.
Sensory Receptors: Different types of sensory receptors and the stimuli they respond to (including, Chemoreceptors, Osmoreceptors, Baroreceptors, Photoreceptors, Mechanoreceptors, Proprioceptors, and Nociceptors) are detailed.
Neuroglial Cells: Different types of neuroglial cells and their functions are detailed.
Grey and White Matter in Spinal Cord: Location and composition of grey and white matter in the spinal cord.
Reflexes: Description of reflex types (monosynaptic and polysynaptic) and examples.
Meninges: Three layers of meninges, their location, nervous system division, and function.
Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF): Definition, production location, circulation, and function.
Brain Regions: Four major regions of the brain and their functions are outlined.
Brain Lobes: Four lobes of the cerebrum and their functions.
Cranial and Spinal Nerves: Number of cranial and spinal nerves.
Autonomic Nervous System Divisions: "Fight or flight" and "rest and digest" divisions are identified.

Digestive System

Digestion Purpose: The purpose of digestion and the digestive system.
Digestive Processes: Definitions of ingestion, digestion, absorption, and defecation.
GI Tract Tissue Layers: Four tissue layers of the GI tract.
Digestion Types: Definitions of mechanical and chemical digestion.
Mouth's Role: How the mouth assists with both mechanical and chemical digestion (glands and enzymes involved).
Chewed Food Mass: Name for a mass of chewed food.
Epiglottis Function: Function of the epiglottis.
Peristalsis: Definition of peristalsis.
Stomach Muscular Layer: Description of the stomach's muscular layer in relation to the rest of the digestive tract
Stomach Sphincters: Name and number of stomach sphincters
Stomach Capacity: Capacities of a full and empty stomach
Gastric Juice Components: Three components of gastric juice and their function.
Stomach Digestion Assistance: Description of how the stomach assists with mechanical and chemical digestion (including involved enzymes and what they digest).
Small Intestine vs Large Intestine: Length, width, surface area comparison.
Small Intestine Regions: Three regions of the small intestine.
Macromolecule Absorption: How 2 macromolecules are absorbed directly into blood capillaries, and one into lacteals.
Colon Segments: Amount of colon segments.
Large Intestine, Sphincter, Functions: Sphincter at the junction of the small and large intestines. Functions of the large intestine.
Accessory Digestive Organs: Four accessory organs of the digestive system are identified (location and importance).
Pancreatic Juice: Two major pancreatic juice components are specified.
Macromolecule Digestion Beginning: Location where chemical digestion of each major macromolecule begins.
Liver Functions: Major functions of the liver.
Bile Role: Definition of bile, and its function, location of its production and storage.
Digestive Enzyme Chart: Chart detailing digestive enzymes (name, source, function, and digested substance).

Lymphatic & Immune Systems

Lymphatic/Immune Systems Functions: Functions of the lymphatic and immune systems are listed
Lymphatic Structures: Five structures of the lymphatic system (nodes, nodules, marrow, thymus, and spleen).
Interstitial Fluid: Definition of interstitial fluid, and its importance for body function, with consideration for accumulation.
Lymph: Definition of lymph and location in the body.
Bone Marrow Types: Red and yellow bone marrow and their differences.
Blood Cells: Three types of blood cells and alternate names are mentioned.
Thymus Structure and Function: Location and function of the thymus, and its change through aging.
Lymph Nodes and Spleen Location and Function: Location and function of lymph nodes and the spleen.
Lymphatic Nodules: Examples of lymphatic nodules.
Innate and Adaptive Immunity: Definitions of innate and adaptive immune responses.
Lines of Defense: Five examples of the "first lines of defense" in the innate immune system.
Fever: Benefits and potential harm of a fever.
Humoral / Cellular Response: Definition of humoral and cell-mediated response.