Systematic Evaluation Process in Sports Medicine
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Questions and Answers

Which symptom is characteristic of effusion rather than edema?

  • Diffuse swelling
  • Swelling inside a joint (correct)
  • Localized swelling
  • Swelling around the joint

What is the primary focus when conducting a bilateral comparison during the observation phase?

  • Measuring the length of limbs
  • Identifying the presence of scars
  • Assessing the injured versus non-injured side (correct)
  • Evaluating skin color differences

What does a grade of '2' indicate in the grading system for range of motion tests?

  • Trace motion
  • No movement
  • Can extend against resistance
  • Gravity independent position (correct)

Which of the following is NOT a sign of inflammation?

<p>Bilateral symmetry (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What should be the first structure evaluated during palpation procedures?

<p>Bony tissue (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the term 'gapping' refer to in a clinical context?

<p>Separation of joint surfaces (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

During a joint stability test, what is typically assessed?

<p>Joint laxity (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does active range of motion (AROM) primarily evaluate?

<p>Willingness to move (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a characteristic of muscle spasm?

<p>The body's splinting mechanism (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of swelling surrounds a joint due to injury, commonly known as edema?

<p>Diffuse swelling around the joint (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of laxity is indicated by an empty assessment during injury evaluation?

<p>Complete tearing of the ligament (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of selective tissue tests in injury evaluation?

<p>To specifically test structures or joints (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

During functional activity tests, what should be ensured when progressing activities?

<p>Begin at half speed before progressing (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What should be the first step in the on-field evaluation process?

<p>Emergency planning and communication (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main focus during the on-field systematic evaluation?

<p>Acute injury management (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT considered during the primary survey of an on-field evaluation?

<p>Determining the mechanism of injury (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the importance of recording findings during the rehabilitation process?

<p>Documentation is critical for accountability (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of testing assesses sensory and motor functions in an injury evaluation?

<p>Neurological testing (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which aspect should be prioritized when deciding the course of action post-injury?

<p>The nature and severity of the injury (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of determining if the athlete is moving during the observation phase?

<p>It indicates the severity of the injury (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What should you always treat an unconscious athlete as having?

<p>A cervical spine injury (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a mechanism for rendering an athlete unconscious?

<p>Microfracture (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is essential to check when managing an unconscious athlete?

<p>Blood pressure (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which rigidity indicates that the arms are flexed and the legs are extended?

<p>Decorticate rigidity (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What should you do if there are no signs of life in an unconscious athlete?

<p>Immediately call for emergency assistance (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a notable indicator of skull fracture during an inspection of the head?

<p>Battle's sign (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which assessment tool is used to establish the level of consciousness?

<p>Glasgow Coma Scale (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of breathing assessment is essential when determining the quality of life in an unconscious athlete?

<p>Respiratory rate (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of checking pupil size during an evaluation?

<p>To assess neurological response (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In managing the unconscious athlete, what is prioritized in terms of care?

<p>Life-saving skills (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is rhinorrhea primarily associated with?

<p>Cerebral spinal fluid leakage (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is NOT a part of a neurological assessment?

<p>Blood pressure measurement (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which feature is characteristic of a sports-related concussion?

<p>Results from an impulsive force transmitted to the brain (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement accurately describes the symptoms of a concussion?

<p>Symptoms can present over time and may vary in duration (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is an important first step when palpating an injury?

<p>Begin gently and gradually increase the pressure. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which test is involved in assessing balance and coordination in a neuropsychological evaluation?

<p>Functional tests (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is crucial to assess when a fracture is suspected?

<p>Check the pulse in the injured part. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What should one remember when dealing with a concussion situation?

<p>Maintain composure and control the controllable aspects (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What should be done if a patient is showing shock symptoms?

<p>Assess for internal injuries. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does AROM stand for in the context of injury assessment?

<p>Active Range of Movement. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is typically true regarding neuroimaging in concussion cases?

<p>No abnormalities are seen on standard structural neuroimaging studies (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which aspect is part of the head-to-toe evaluation during a palpation assessment?

<p>Assessment of cervical structures (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When is splinting absolutely necessary?

<p>When there is gross joint instability. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a contraindication for palpation during injury assessment?

<p>If the area is suspected to have a fracture. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which decision guideline indicates that the patient should be transported directly to the hospital?

<p>Splinting is needed - the patient is transported immediately. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended action for an athlete with a concussion regarding their return to play?

<p>They should never return to play on the same day. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following tests assists in assessing nerve function and potential spinal injuries?

<p>Dermatomes and Myotomes. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What should an athlete's response to palpation during assessment provide?

<p>Correlated information regarding the injury. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of brain injury is classified as a coup injury?

<p>Injury caused by a direct blow (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT considered a somatic symptom of acute SRC?

<p>Irritability (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Identify a key contributing factor when conducting sideline evaluations for SRC.

<p>Clear-in-field signs (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which symptom is commonly associated with post-traumatic phase symptoms following a concussion?

<p>Photophobia (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which assessment tool is primarily used for mental status testing on the field or sidelines?

<p>SCAT6 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes anterograde amnesia in the context of a concussion?

<p>Inability to recall events following the injury (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common persistent symptom that indicates a failure of normal clinical recovery after a concussion?

<p>Fatigue (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an example of balance impairment associated with SRC?

<p>Gait unsteadiness (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Allergies (in Athlete)

A reaction to substances like medication or food that can impact athletic performance.

Off-Field Evaluation

Systematic process assessing the athlete before examining an injury.

Bilateral Comparison

Comparing the injured side to the healthy side to detect differences.

Skin Inspection

Visual assessment of the skin for signs like discoloration, bruising or wounds.

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Effusion

Swelling inside a joint.

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Edema

Swelling around a joint, often related to inflammation.

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Active ROM (AROM)

Athlete's ability to move a joint themselves.

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Passive ROM (PROM)

Range of motion clinician moves the joint for the athlete.

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Manual Muscle Tests

Testing the strength of individual muscles.

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Joint Stability Tests

Evaluates the stability of joints.

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Pain is resent

Pain is a symptom of injury that needs to be considered during evaluation.

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Laxity comparison

Comparing the looseness of a joint to the opposite side to assess the severity of a ligament injury.

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Complete ligament Tear

A complete tear in the ligament, causing the motion to be limited by other tissues.

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Unconscious Athlete

An athlete who has lost consciousness due to various medical conditions.

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Glasgow Coma Scale

A neurological assessment tool used to assess the level of consciousness in an unconscious athlete.

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Selective Tissue Tests

Tests specifically designed to assess a particular body part, joint, or structure.

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Neurological Tests

Tests for nerve function, involving sensory, motor, and reflex checks.

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Decorticate Rigidity

A posturing abnormality where the arms are flexed and the legs are extended, often seen in unconscious athletes.

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Functional Activity Tests

Tests that assess the ability to perform everyday activities; increasing complexity from simple to complex skills.

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Decerebrate Rigidity

A posturing abnormality where both the arms and legs are extended, often seen in unconscious athletes.

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Battle's Sign

Bruising behind the ear, indicating a possible skull fracture.

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Raccoon Eyes

Black and blue discoloration around the eyes, indicating a possible skull fracture.

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Primary Survey

Initial assessment of a scene and patient, checking for life-threatening injuries.

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Mechanism of Injury

How the injury occurred, from the patient's perspective.

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Nystagmus

Rapid, involuntary eye movements that often indicate a neurological problem.

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Strabismus

Misalignment of the eyes, where one eye looks forward and the other looks to the side.

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OPQRST

Patient history: Onset, Provocation, Quality, Region, Severity, and Timing of pain in injury assessment

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Anisocoria

Unequal pupil sizes, which can indicate a neurological problem.

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Otorrhea

Discharge from the ear, often blood, indicating a possible skull fracture.

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Athlete Positioning Abnormalities

Deviations from the normal position of head, neck, or extremities, often indicating injury.

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Palpation Screening

Checking for injury by touching the affected area; start gently, increase pressure gradually, watch the athlete's reaction.

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ROM Assessment

Evaluating range of motion in a joint, involving AROM, RROM, and PROM.

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AROM

Active Range of Motion (Athlete moves the joint themselves).

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RROM

Resistive Range of Motion (Athlete moves the joint while resistance is applied).

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PROM

Passive Range of Motion (Examiner moves the joint).

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Ligament/Special Tests

Evaluations designed to detect ligament damage or other soft tissue injuries.

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Immediate Action Plan (Injury)

Decisions to take based on the severity of injury (e.g., splinting, transport).

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Return to Play Decision (Post Injury)

Determining the athlete's fitness to return to play, often needing physician confirmation/consultation.

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Concussion Management

Never return an athlete with concussion on the same day.

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Coup Injury

A brain injury that occurs directly at the point of impact with the head.

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Contrecoup Injury

A brain injury that occurs on the opposite side of the head from the impact point.

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Sideline Evaluation

A rapid assessment of an athlete's physical and mental status conducted on the sidelines.

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Post-Concussion Symptoms

A range of physical, cognitive, and emotional difficulties that can persist after a concussion.

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Anterograde Amnesia

Inability to form new memories after a concussion.

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Retrograde Amnesia

Inability to recall memories prior to the concussion.

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SCAT6

A standardized concussion assessment tool used to evaluate athletes on the field and in the clinic.

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Rhinorrhea

Discharge from the nose, often associated with colds or allergies.

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CSF Leak?

If blood is present in nasal discharge, it may indicate a cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leak, which requires immediate medical attention.

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Halo Test

A test used to distinguish cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) from other fluids. CSF separates from blood when allowed to settle, forming a halo-like ring.

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Palpation

Using hands to examine the body for tenderness, swelling, or other abnormalities.

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Functional Tests

Evaluating an individual's cognitive and physical abilities, including memory, attention, and balance.

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Sports-Related Concussion (SRC)

A traumatic brain injury caused by a blow to the head, neck, or body, resulting in a sudden force transmitted to the brain.

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SRC Symptoms

Symptoms can include headache, dizziness, confusion, memory problems, and sensitivity to light.

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SRC Imaging

Standard imaging like CT scans or MRI may not show abnormalities in concussion.

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Study Notes

Systematic Evaluation Process

  • Evaluation Goals: Understanding what needs to be known for a successful evaluation and impression (anatomy, pathomechanics, biomechanics, pathologies).
  • Evaluation Approach: The process must be systematic to ensure all relevant information isn't missed, and it should follow a sequential order.
  • Evaluation Types: Two types are described: off-field (clinical) and on-field evaluations with off-field evaluations occurring in an athletic training clinic or other clinical facility and on-field evaluations being more condensed.

Off-Field Systematic Evaluation Process - History

  • Importance: History is the most crucial part, emphasizing communication skills.
  • Questioning Techniques: Use simple, open-ended questions, listen actively, avoid slang or jargon, maintain eye contact, and be calm and reassuring.
  • Example Questions: Questions about present condition, mechanism (what, when, how, where?), forces, acute vs. chronic issues, limb position, ability to continue, location of symptoms, descriptions of symptoms, changes in symptoms, sounds, and sensations, and pain.
  • Rating Scales: The McGill Pain Questionnaire is mentioned as an example rating scale.

Additional Important Aspects of On-Field & Off-Field Evaluation

  • History: Includes questioning techniques, a list of questions and other key elements needed for a complete history.
  • Observation (Inspection): Covers gait, posture, functional movement, and comparison of injured to uninjured side, observing skin, and palpation.
  • Further Evaluation: Additional details include muscle tension/spasm, temperature, swelling (edema/effusion), palpation, and range of motion (ROM).
  • Manual Muscle Tests: Used to isolate muscles and differentiate pain related to muscles.
  • Joint Stability Tests: Assessing ligaments and capsules using stress tests and bilateral comparison.

On-Field & Off-Field Evaluation Continued

  • Secondary Survey: includes a brief history, observing for noises, a patient's reaction to injury, possible deformity, swelling, discoloration, and abnormalities.
  • Symptom Evaluation & Cognitive Screening: Includes factors such as orientation, immediate memory, concentration, and coordination/balance skills. The purpose of a cognitive screening is to test for any impairments.
  • Immediate Action Plan: Decisions, such as splinting or transporting the patient, are based on the evaluation of the patient, and their response to the injury.
  • Final On-Field Evaluation: Ensuring a complete evaluation and planning definitive treatment (x-rays, lab tests), and following up with rehabilitation.

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Description

This quiz covers the systematic evaluation process in sports medicine, focusing on both off-field and on-field evaluations. Participants will learn about evaluation goals, important questioning techniques, and the significance of history in effective assessments. Gain insights on the essential skills required for successful evaluations and how to communicate effectively with athletes.

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