Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is a common mechanism of injury associated with a metatarsal fracture?
What is a common mechanism of injury associated with a metatarsal fracture?
Which special test is used to assess a metatarsal fracture?
Which special test is used to assess a metatarsal fracture?
What would you expect to find in the examination of a lateral ankle sprain?
What would you expect to find in the examination of a lateral ankle sprain?
What is the primary treatment for a first MTP joint sprain, commonly referred to as turf toe?
What is the primary treatment for a first MTP joint sprain, commonly referred to as turf toe?
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Which ligaments are involved in the lateral ankle stability?
Which ligaments are involved in the lateral ankle stability?
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Which method in the injury evaluation process is primarily focused on the physical characteristics of the injury?
Which method in the injury evaluation process is primarily focused on the physical characteristics of the injury?
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In anatomical terminology, which term refers to a structure being located below another?
In anatomical terminology, which term refers to a structure being located below another?
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What type of movement does 'abduction' refer to in anatomical nomenclature?
What type of movement does 'abduction' refer to in anatomical nomenclature?
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Which component of the SOAP method involves a professional's findings during an evaluation?
Which component of the SOAP method involves a professional's findings during an evaluation?
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What is the correct order of the steps in the injury evaluation process?
What is the correct order of the steps in the injury evaluation process?
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Study Notes
Injury Evaluation Process
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History (HX) Collection
- Assess Mechanism of Injury (MOI)
- Rate pain on a scale of 1-10
- Identify type, location, and duration of pain
- Determine factors that alleviate or exacerbate pain
- Note any sounds associated with the injury
- Consider chronic pain influences such as footwear or activity levels
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Observation Stage
- Look for signs of swelling and discoloration (ecchymosis)
- Check for deformities and variations in skin color
- Evaluate muscle tone; watch for atrophy
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Palpation Techniques
- Assess point tenderness and swelling
- Observe for deformities and crepitus (grating sensation)
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Range of Motion (ROM) Assessment
- Active: Patient moves joint independently
- Passive: Examiner moves the joint
- Resistive: Patient moves against resistance
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Special Tests for Specific Injuries
- Conduct targeted tests based on suspected injury type
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Neurovascular Assessment
- Check vascular integrity via pulse check
- Evaluate neuro function through capillary refill test
Anatomical Nomenclature
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Anatomical Position
- Body standing upright with hands supinated
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Directional Terms
- Distal: Further from point of reference
- Proximal: Closer to point of reference
- Anterior: Front side of the body
- Posterior: Back side of the body
- Medial: Towards the midline
- Lateral: Away from the midline
- Superior: Above
- Inferior: Below
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Movement Terminology
- Flexion: Decreases angle between body parts
- Extension: Increases angle between body parts
- Abduction: Movement away from midline
- Adduction: Movement towards midline
- Internal Rotation (IR): Rotation towards midline
- External Rotation (ER): Rotation away from midline
- Retraction: Moving towards midline
- Protraction: Moving away from midline
- Supination: Palms facing up
- Pronation: Palms facing down
SOAP Notes Structure
- S: Subjective information reported by the patient
- O: Objective findings by the examiner
- A: Assessment or diagnosis made by the practitioner
- P: Plan for treatment
Foot Anatomy and Common Injuries
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Foot Structure
- Forefoot includes phalanges (big toe = 1, pinky toe = 5) and metatarsals
- Mid-foot consists of tarsal bones, notably the navicular (keystone of the arch)
- Hind-foot includes the talus and calcaneus
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Injury Observations
- Signs include swelling, callus formation, and changes in walking pattern (gait)
- Focus on palpation of the base of the 5th metatarsal and navicular bone
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Common Injuries
-
Metatarsal Fractures (FX)
- MOI can be acute (direct blow or twisting) or chronic
- Symptoms include tenderness, inability to bear weight, and potential deformity
- Utilize long bone compression test for assessment
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First MTP Joint Sprain (Turf Toe)
- MOI from acute or chronic hyperextension of the first MTP
- Symptoms include pain, swelling, and point tenderness
- Treatment may require a boot or specialized footwear
-
Ankle Anatomy and Injuries
-
Ankle Bones
- Talus, calcaneus, fibula (lateral bone), and tibia (medial bone)
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Ligaments of Ankle
- Lateral ligaments: Anterior talofibular (ATF), posterior talofibular (PTF), calcaneofibular (CF)
- Medial ligament: Deltoid ligament, and syndesmosis (anterior tibiofibular)
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Muscle Function
- Gastrocnemius and soleus contribute to plantar flexion
- Tibialis anterior is responsible for dorsiflexion
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Common Ankle Injuries
-
Lateral Ankle Sprain (Inversion)
- MOI involves forced inversion during plantar flexion
- Symptoms include swelling and tenderness
- Special tests: Anterior drawer and talar tilt test
- Treatment plan may include crutches/boot and rehabilitation with RICE protocol (Rest, Ice, Compression, Elevation)
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Lateral Ankle Sprain (Inversion)
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Description
Test your knowledge on the injury evaluation process with this quiz. It covers history taking, observation, and palpation techniques to assess injuries effectively. Perfect for students in sports medicine or healthcare fields.
