System Development Phasing

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Questions and Answers

What is the primary responsibility of the systems engineering function?

Conducting system audits

Managing user needs

Performing life-cycle functions

Controlling requirements traceability and configuration control (correct)

What is the main purpose of reviews and audits in systems engineering?

To identify user needs

To manage system development

To assess system maturity (correct)

To evaluate system performance

What is the focus of systems engineering?

Meeting system requirements

Satisfying user needs (correct)

Managing system development

Evaluating system performance

What is the goal of the evolutionary approach in systems engineering?

To reduce risks associated with incomplete requirements Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of configuration baselines in systems engineering?

They ensure system stability and control Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of customers in systems engineering?

To generate system requirements Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary concern of systems engineering in the context of incomplete requirements?

Mitigating risks associated with incomplete requirements Signup and view all the answers

What is the definition of systems engineering?

A standardized, disciplined management process for system solutions Signup and view all the answers

What is the main purpose of breadboard validation in a laboratory environment?

To integrate basic technological components to establish that they will work together Signup and view all the answers

Which Technology Readiness Level (TRL) involves testing a prototype in a high fidelity laboratory environment or in a simulated operational environment?

TRL 6 Signup and view all the answers

What is the key difference between TRL 6 and TRL 7?

TRL 6 tests a prototype in a laboratory, while TRL 7 tests a system in an operational environment Signup and view all the answers

What is the final stage of Technology Readiness Levels?

TRL 8 Signup and view all the answers

At which level is the technology considered to be fully developed?

TRL 8 Signup and view all the answers

What is the main characteristic of the proof of concept stage?

Components are integrated to establish that they will work together Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference between TRL 5 and TRL 6?

TRL 5 has lower fidelity than TRL 6 Signup and view all the answers

What happens at TRL 7?

The system prototype is tested in an operational environment Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of the configuration baselines in the systems engineering process?

To provide a series of descriptions at each level of system development Signup and view all the answers

What is the correct sequence of development levels in the systems engineering process?

Concept level, System level, Subsystem/Component level Signup and view all the answers

What is the main purpose of the reviews and audits in the systems engineering process?

To ensure that the baselines are ready for the next level of development Signup and view all the answers

What is the term used to describe the system description in performance requirement terms?

System description in performance requirement terms Signup and view all the answers

What is the term used to describe the first set of descriptions produced at the subsystem/component level?

Subsystem and component product performance descriptions Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of completing the configuration baselines at the higher levels before proceeding to the next level?

It ensures that the baselines are stable and controlled Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the baseline produced at the system level?

Functional baseline Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of the system hierarchy in the systems engineering process?

To organize the system development into distinct levels or stages Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of numbering systems in Functional Analysis and Allocation?

To identify and establish relationships between functions Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of a functional reference in a diagram?

To reference other functional diagrams Signup and view all the answers

What does an arrow in a Functional Flow Block Diagram typically indicate?

The direction of functional flow Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of a summing gate in a Functional Flow Block Diagram?

To indicate the presence of AND/OR conditions Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of a basic confirmation of performance capability?

To verify performance or provide sufficient information for further analysis Signup and view all the answers

What does a 'G' symbol in a Functional Flow Block Diagram represent?

A go condition or successful function Signup and view all the answers

What differentiates testing from other verification methods?

The gathering of detailed data for analysis Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of a Timeline Analysis Sheet?

To add detail to defining durations of various functions Signup and view all the answers

Why is the choice of verification methods important?

Because it can lead to inaccurate verification if inappropriate methods are used Signup and view all the answers

What type of relationships can be identified using a Timeline Analysis Sheet?

Concurrent, overlapping, and sequential relationships between functions and tasks Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of validated models and simulation tools in verification?

To complement other verification methods and provide additional data Signup and view all the answers

What is a key benefit of using a Timeline Analysis Sheet?

It helps to identify time-critical functions that affect system performance Signup and view all the answers

How do verification activities change as designs progress?

They change from concept to detailed designs to physical products Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary focus of verification activities?

To verify key performance parameters and characteristics Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Development Phasing

Development progresses through distinct levels or stages: concept, system, and subsystem/component.
Each level produces a description of the system in increasing detail: system concept, system description, and subsystem/component product performance descriptions.
The systems engineering process is applied to each level, producing a series of configuration baselines: functional, allocated, and product.

Development Phasing Stages

Concept level: produces a system concept description.
System level: produces a system description in performance requirement terms.
Subsystem/Component level: produces subsystem and component product performance descriptions, then detailed descriptions of the products' characteristics.

Configuration Baselines

Functional baseline: system-level description.
Allocated baseline: subsystem/component performance descriptions.
Product baseline: subsystem/component detail descriptions.

Development Phasing Rules

Significant development at a given level should not occur until the configuration baselines at higher levels are complete, stable, and controlled.
Reviews and audits ensure baselines are ready for the next level of development.

Technology Readiness Levels (TRL)

TRL 1: Basic principles observed and reported.
TRL 2: Concept and/or application formulated.
TRL 3: Analytical and experimental critical function and/or characteristic proof of concept.
TRL 4: Component and/or breadboard validation in laboratory environment.
TRL 5: Component and/or breadboard validation in laboratory environment with higher fidelity.
TRL 6: System/subsystem model or prototype demonstration in a relevant environment.
TRL 7: System prototype demonstration in an operational environment.
TRL 8: Actual system completed and qualified through test and demonstration.

Systems Engineering Process

The systems engineering process is applied to each level of system development.
The customers of the systems engineer perform the life-cycle functions.
The system user's needs are emphasized, but all life-cycle functional areas generate requirements for the systems engineering process.

Systems Engineering Considerations

Systems engineering is a standardized, disciplined management process for development of system solutions.
It provides a constant approach to system development in an environment of change and uncertainty.

Functional Flow Block Diagram (FFBD)

Flow connection: Lines connecting functions only indicate function flow and not a lapse in time or intermediate activity.
Flow direction: Diagrams should be laid out so that the flow direction is generally from left to right.
Summing gates: A circle is used to denote a summing gate and is used when AND/OR is present.

Integration Definition for Function Modeling (IDEF)

IDEF is used for function modeling.

Timeline Analysis Sheets (TLS)

TLS adds detail to defining durations of various functions.
It defines concurrency, overlapping, and sequential relationships of functions and tasks.
It identifies time-critical functions that directly affect system availability, operating time, and maintenance downtime.

Methods of Verification

Test: uses system, subsystem, or component operation to obtain detailed data to verify performance.
Choice of verification methods must be considered an area of potential risk.
Use of inappropriate methods can lead to inaccurate verification.

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Description

This quiz covers the stages of system development, including concept level, system level, and subsystem/component level.