System Analysis & Design: Chapter 1 Part 2
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Questions and Answers

What type of information system is primarily focused on enhancing workflow and facilitating communication among employees?

  • Office Information System (correct)
  • Expert System
  • Transaction Processing System
  • Decision Support System

Which of the following is NOT classified as a Computer-Based Information System (CBIS)?

  • Informal System (correct)
  • Expert System
  • Management Information System
  • Transaction Processing System

In a formal system, how does information generally flow within the organization?

  • From employees to external stakeholders
  • From external stakeholders to employees
  • From bottom to top management (correct)
  • From top to bottom management

Which information system is characterized by its reliance on personal employee networks to solve work-related problems?

<p>Informal Information System (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following systems would most likely support management decisions through synthesized data?

<p>Management Information System (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the two primary branches under the classification of Information Systems?

<p>Operations Support Systems and Management Systems (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following systems focuses on managing daily transactions within an organization?

<p>Transaction Processing System (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a key characteristic of a formal information system?

<p>It has a clear workflow communication flow. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary focus of a systems analyst during a project?

<p>Developing ideas for improving business processes. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which task is NOT typically associated with an infrastructure analyst?

<p>Providing user training on new systems. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What significant skill set is emphasized for a change management analyst?

<p>Change management and organizational behavior. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

During which phase does a change management analyst work most actively?

<p>Implementation phase. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the primary responsibilities of a project manager?

<p>Completing the project on time and within budget. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which role primarily represents the interests of project sponsors and users?

<p>Change Management Analyst. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which analyst's work could involve both hardware and software considerations?

<p>Infrastructure Analyst. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a focus area for an infrastructure analyst?

<p>Maintaining user documentation. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of a business analyst in a project team?

<p>Identifying and analyzing business issues surrounding the system (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which level of systems does the Expert system fall under?

<p>Strategic Level (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of information generated by an MIS primarily confirms transaction processing activities?

<p>Detailed information (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a key function of an Expert system?

<p>To acquire relevant knowledge and provide advice based on that knowledge (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following examples best represents summary information?

<p>Customer Account Summary Report (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which skills are generally required for all analysts in a project team?

<p>Change management and communication (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does a systems analyst primarily focus on?

<p>The IS issues surrounding the system (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of an exception report?

<p>To identify data that falls outside of normal conditions (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which analyst role is most active in the planning and design phases of a project?

<p>Business Analyst (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does a Decision Support System (DSS) primarily do?

<p>Support determinations, judgments, and courses of action (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the focus area of an Infrastructure Analyst within a project team?

<p>Technical issues related to system infrastructure (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

An expert system uses which of the following to solve problems typically requiring a human expert?

<p>Knowledge base (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common application area for Expert systems?

<p>Medical diagnosis (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about exception criteria is correct?

<p>They determine the range for normal activities or status. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of report would notify a purchasing department of items needing reordering?

<p>Inventory Exception Report (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes summary information from detailed information?

<p>Summary information consolidates data into a concise format. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of a Transaction Processing System (TPS)?

<p>To capture and process data from day-to-day transactions (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following describes real-time transaction processing?

<p>Transactions are immediately processed as they are entered (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best characterizes a Management Information System (MIS)?

<p>It generates accurate and timely information for decision-making (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the key advantages of using an Online Transaction Processing (OLTP) system in registrations?

<p>It immediately updates the information and prints statements (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following communication technologies is NOT typically used in an Office Information System (OIS)?

<p>Paper-based mailing systems (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In a batch transaction processing system, how are transactions managed?

<p>Data is collected over time and processed as a group (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

All of the following are benefits of an Office Information System (OIS) except:

<p>Generated reports on financial performance (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best distinguishes OLTP systems from traditional batch systems?

<p>OLTP systems provide immediate processing of transactions (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Information System

A collection of hardware, software, data, people, and procedures that generates information to support organizational activities.

Formal System

A system with clear communication pathways and authority, flowing from lower to higher levels in the organization.

Informal System

An employee-based system that meets personal and work needs, using channels outside the official organizational structure.

CBIS (Computer Based Information System)

An information system that primarily uses computers for business applications.

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DSS (Decision Support System)

A type of CBIS that assists in making decisions.

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MIS (Management Information System)

A type of CBIS that provides information for management decision-making.

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ES (Expert System)

A type of CBIS that uses knowledge and rules to solve complex problems like a human expert.

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OS (Office System)

A type of CBIS that enhances work flow and communication in an office setting.

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TPS (Transaction Processing System)

A type of CBIS that handles day-to-day business transactions.

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OIS (Office Information System)

A system enhancing workflow and communication in an office.

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OIS (Office Information System)

A system that helps with office tasks like creating documents, sending messages, scheduling, and accounting.

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TPS (Transaction Processing System)

Information system that handles daily business transactions like deposits, payments, and orders.

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Batch Processing

Collecting transaction data over time and processing it all together later.

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Real-Time Processing

Processing transactions immediately as they happen.

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OLTP (Online Transaction Processing)

Modern transaction processing method, usually online.

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Transaction

A business activity like a payment, deposit, or order.

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MIS (Management Information System)

System that organizes information for managers to make decisions.

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Management Reporting System (MRS)

Another name for a management information system (MIS), because it provides regular reports.

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MIS (Management Information System)

An information system for management, integrating with TPS to provide reports on sales, inventory, etc.

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TPS (Transaction Processing System)

Records and manages daily business transactions, like sales and inventory updates.

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Detailed Information

Information that confirms transaction processing activities, like order details.

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Summary Information

Consolidated information, easy to review, often in totals, tables, or graphs.

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Exception Information

Highlights unusual or significant data that is outside the normal range.

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DSS (Decision Support System)

A system to analyze data and support decision making in organizations.

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ES (Expert System)

AI software mimicking human experts and using a knowledge base for problem-solving.

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Systems Analyst - Role

Develops IT solutions to improve business processes, designing systems and ensuring IS standards are met.

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Infrastructure Analyst - Role

Ensures new systems integrate with existing infrastructure (hardware, software, networks, databases).

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Change Management Analyst - Role

Manages user adoption and change related to new systems; trains, documents, and provides support for users.

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Project Manager - Role

Responsible for completing projects on time and within budget, ensuring system delivery meets objectives.

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Expert System

A system that uses knowledge from an expert knowledge base to solve problems and give advice, like a human expert.

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Operational Level

The level of a system that handles daily tasks and transactions, like TPS and OIS.

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Tactical Level

Management level focusing on short-term strategies and plans, like MIS and OIS

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Strategic Level

Level of a system focused on long-term goals and direction, like DSS and ES

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Business Analyst

Focuses on business value, process improvement, and new process/policy design within a system.

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Systems Analyst

Focuses on designing and analyzing the information system aspects of a project

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Infrastructure Analyst

Focuses on technical issues impacting system interaction with the organizational infrastructure.

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Change Management Analyst

Focuses on people and management issues relating to the system implementation.

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Project Manager

Oversees project timelines, budgets, and team coordination for system development.

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Study Notes

System Analysis & Design

  • System analysis and design is a presentation topic.
  • The presenter is Menna Ibrahim Gabr.

Chapter 1 Agenda Part 2

  • The agenda covers types of information systems.
  • The agenda includes project team roles and skills.

Types of System

  • Systems are categorized as physical/abstract and open/closed.
  • A man-made information system is categorized as formal/informal or computerized.
  • Subcategories are CBIS, DSS, MIS, ES, OS, TPS.

Types of Information Systems

  • An information system is a collection of hardware, software, data, people, and procedures that generates data for daily, short-term, and long-term activities in an organization.
  • Information systems are broadly classified into five categories: office information systems, transaction processing systems, management information systems, decision support systems, and expert systems.

Formal System

  • A formal system has clear workflow communication, flowing downward, and authority.
  • Information flows from the bottom to the top level of management.
  • It's based on organizational charts.
  • An example is a company's accounting system.

Informal & CBIS

  • An informal information system is employee-based, dealing with personal and professional needs.
  • It uses both formal and informal channels.
  • A computerized information system, or CBIS, uses computers for handling business applications.
  • An example is an office gossip network.

Classification of Information Systems

  • Information systems are categorized by their operational and management support functions.
  • Subtypes include Office Information System (OIS), Transaction Processing System (TPS), Management Information System (MIS), Decision Support System (DSS).
  • Another subtype is Expert System (ES).

Office Information Systems (OIS)

  • OIS utilizes hardware, software, and networks for enhanced workflow and employee communication.
  • OIS, also known as office automation (OA), enables electronic tasks.
  • As an example, a registration department might post class schedules online and email students.

Transaction Processing Systems (TPS)

  • A TPS captures and processes data from a company's daily transactions.
  • Transactions are business activities like deposits, payments, orders, and reservations.
  • Examples of transactions include recording a student's registration, confirming an action, and maintaining data. A TPS can be batch or real-time.

Transaction Processing Systems (TPS)

  • Batch processing collects transactions over a period and processes them later.
  • Online transaction processing (OLTP) processes transactions immediately.
  • Examples of OLTP include student registration, order handling, and receiving payments. This is common in modern systems.

Management Information Systems (MIS)

  • An MIS is an informational system used to generate accurate, timely, and organized information to help managers make decisions.
  • It's called a management reporting system (MRS) due to its regular reporting.
  • MIS is integrated with TPS, processing sales orders, updating customer accounts, and producing sales reports.

Management Information Systems (MIS)

  • MIS produces three main types of information: detailed, summary, and exception.
  • Detailed information confirms transaction activities, like a detailed order report.
  • Summary information consolidates information into an easily readable report, like an inventory summary report.
  • Exception information highlights deviations from normal activity and requires immediate decision-making. An example might be an inventory exception report.

Decision Support Systems (DSS)

  • A DSS supports decision-making using computerized programs.
  • It compiles massive amounts of data.
  • DSS helps in determining and planning courses of action.

Management Support Systems (MSS)

  • Expert systems are AI software that simulates human expertise in a specific domain using knowledge bases.
  • They preserve human expertise and help in tasks like medical diagnosis, accounting, coding, and games.

Management Support Systems

  • Expert systems use stored knowledge to solve problems usually solved by human experts.
  • Expert systems' structure usually involves input, user interface, rules engine, and knowledge base.

Management Support Systems

  • Expert systems use knowledge bases to generate advice and explanations for the user.
  • Data in knowledge bases is often added and curated by experts in the specified domain, to improve accuracy and provide reliable answers.

Organizational Levels

  • TPS, OIS, and MIS typically support operational level functions.
  • DSS and Expert systems are involved in tactical level and strategic level decision-making.

Project Team Roles & Skills

  • Project team roles include Business Analyst, Systems Analyst, Infrastructure Analyst, Change Management Analyst, and Project Manager.
  • Analysts need general skills (change management, ethics, communications, technical).
  • Specific skills are needed by specific analysts.

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Description

Explore the fundamentals of System Analysis & Design through this quiz based on Chapter 1, Part 2. The quiz covers types of information systems, project team roles, and categorization of systems. Test your understanding of the different types of information systems and their functionalities within organizations.

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