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Questions and Answers
Which type of joint allows movement in only one plane?
What type of synovial joint is characterized by a sliding movement between two flat surfaces?
Which joint allows for flexion, extension, and slight rotation?
Which type of joint consists primarily of fibrous connective tissue and has limited mobility?
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Which synovial joint type allows the greatest range of motion?
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What is the primary characteristic of cartilaginous joints?
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Which type of cartilaginous joint allows for the most movement?
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Which of the following statements describes the skin?
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What role does skin play in the immune system?
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What happens to the cartilage in synchondrosis during growth?
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Study Notes
Synovial Diarthroses
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Uniaxial: Movement in one plane (flexion and extension)
- Example: humero-cubital joint (knee)
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Biaxial: Movement in two planes (flexion, extension, and rotation)
- Example: radio-humeral joint (elbow)
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Multiaxial: Movement in three planes (circumduction)
- Example: glenohumeral joint (shoulder)
Synovial Joints by Shape
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Planar (Arthrodial): Two flat surfaces; sliding movement
- Examples: acromioclavicular joint (clavicle and shoulder blade) or carpals.
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Ginglymus (or Hinge): A hinge-like structure, allowing movement in one plane (flexion-extension).
- Example: humerocubital joint (elbow).
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Trochoid (or Pivot): One axis, the end of one bone moves through the diaphysis of another, enabling rotation.
- Example: articulation between atlas and axis, or radius and ulna (rotation of one over the other.
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Elliptical (Condyloid): Two perpendicular axes, allowing movement of flexion, extension, abducting, and adducting, and slight circular movement.
- Example: wrist.
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Condyloid (Elliptical): 2 axes; Allows flexion, extension, abduction, adduction.
- Example: Wrist.
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Bicondylar: One axis allowing mainly flexion and extension with limited rotation.
- Example: Knee.
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Saddle (sellar): Two surfaces fit together like a saddle. Allows movements in two perpendicular axes (flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, and rotation).
- Example: carpometacarpal joint of the thumb.
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Spheric/Ball-and-socket (Enarthrosis): A ball and socket; Allows 3 axes of movement (flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, and rotation)
- Example: Shoulder, hip
Fibrous/Immovable Joints (Synarthroses)
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Fibrous joints: No joint cavity; held together by fibrous connective tissue or cartilage. Limited mobility.
- Examples: sutures (skull), gomphoses (teeth), syndesmoses (vertebral lamina).
Cartilaginous or Amphiarthrotic Joints
- Cartilaginous joints: Have cartilage that eventually disappears.
- Synchondrosis: a layer of growth cartilage...synostosis is the complete ossification of the metaphysis (rib and sternum). The rib joint persists in the adult.
- Symphysis: two separated bones are interconnected by cartilage (which allows some movement): diarthranfiarthrosis
Amphiarthrosis
- Semi-mobile.
Skin
- The largest organ of the body.
- Functions:
- Permeable mechanical barrier
- Primary immune organ.
- Originates from the ectoderm.
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Description
Explore the fascinating world of synovial joints with this quiz. Discover the different types of synovial diarthroses, their movements, and classifications based on shape. Test your knowledge on examples and functions of these crucial joint types in the human body.
