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Questions and Answers
Which is not a type of synovial joint?
Which is not a type of synovial joint?
From a relaxed, standing position, as you bring your arms up laterally so that they are straight out from your sides to stretch in the morning, the motion of the arms is called ____________. When you put your arms straight back down to your sides and then reach both hands up to rub your eyes, the motion that results at the elbow joint is called __________.
From a relaxed, standing position, as you bring your arms up laterally so that they are straight out from your sides to stretch in the morning, the motion of the arms is called ____________. When you put your arms straight back down to your sides and then reach both hands up to rub your eyes, the motion that results at the elbow joint is called __________.
abduction; flexion
What type of synovial joints are diarthroses?
What type of synovial joints are diarthroses?
all
What is the fibrous layer of the articular capsule composed of?
What is the fibrous layer of the articular capsule composed of?
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What type of tissue lines the synovial membrane of the articular capsule?
What type of tissue lines the synovial membrane of the articular capsule?
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What separates articulating bones in a joint?
What separates articulating bones in a joint?
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What type of cartilage reduces friction between bones in a synovial joint?
What type of cartilage reduces friction between bones in a synovial joint?
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What does the term arthritis describe?
What does the term arthritis describe?
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What sign or symptom does NOT include arthritis?
What sign or symptom does NOT include arthritis?
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List some causes of arthritis.
List some causes of arthritis.
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What are some age-related changes in articular cartilage that contribute to osteoarthritis?
What are some age-related changes in articular cartilage that contribute to osteoarthritis?
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Surgical replacement of the damaged joint is the only treatment for osteoarthritis.
Surgical replacement of the damaged joint is the only treatment for osteoarthritis.
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What other organs can be affected by rheumatoid arthritis?
What other organs can be affected by rheumatoid arthritis?
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Match the following types of joints:
Match the following types of joints:
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A symphysis has a pad of ____________ between the articulating bones which acts as a resilient ____________. All symphyses are ____________, allowing ____________. Examples include ____________ and ____________.
A symphysis has a pad of ____________ between the articulating bones which acts as a resilient ____________. All symphyses are ____________, allowing ____________. Examples include ____________ and ____________.
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The multiaxial joint in which the spherical end of one bone fits into the cuplike socket of the other bone is called a ___________ joint.
The multiaxial joint in which the spherical end of one bone fits into the cuplike socket of the other bone is called a ___________ joint.
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The shoulder joint is classified as what type of joint?
The shoulder joint is classified as what type of joint?
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The knee joint performs primarily flexion and extension, so it is classified as a __________ joint.
The knee joint performs primarily flexion and extension, so it is classified as a __________ joint.
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The elbow performs flexion and extension, and is therefore a __________ joint.
The elbow performs flexion and extension, and is therefore a __________ joint.
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If a joint moves in all three planes of space, it is classified as __________.
If a joint moves in all three planes of space, it is classified as __________.
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The type of fibrous joints that are immobile and found only between certain bones of the skull are called ___________.
The type of fibrous joints that are immobile and found only between certain bones of the skull are called ___________.
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Place the synovial joint types in order from the most freely mobile to the least mobile.
Place the synovial joint types in order from the most freely mobile to the least mobile.
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Symphyses can be found in the _____________.
Symphyses can be found in the _____________.
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Functionally, all synovial joints are classified as ____________, since all are freely mobile. Each synovial joint is composed of a double-layered capsule called the ____________. Its outer layer is the ____________, and the inner layer is a synovial membrane. All articulating bone surfaces in a synovial joint are covered by a thin layer of ____________ cartilage called articular cartilage. Only synovial joints house a ____________, a space that permits separation of the articulating bones. Lining the joint cavity is the ____________, which secretes ____________.
Functionally, all synovial joints are classified as ____________, since all are freely mobile. Each synovial joint is composed of a double-layered capsule called the ____________. Its outer layer is the ____________, and the inner layer is a synovial membrane. All articulating bone surfaces in a synovial joint are covered by a thin layer of ____________ cartilage called articular cartilage. Only synovial joints house a ____________, a space that permits separation of the articulating bones. Lining the joint cavity is the ____________, which secretes ____________.
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Synovial joints are classified by the ____________ of their articulating surfaces and the types of ____________ they allow. Movement of a bone at a synovial joint is best described with respect to three intersecting ____________ planes or axes: A joint is said to be ____________ if the bone moves in just one plane or axis. A joint is ____________ if the bone moves in two planes or axes. A joint is ____________ if the bone moves in multiple planes or axes.
Synovial joints are classified by the ____________ of their articulating surfaces and the types of ____________ they allow. Movement of a bone at a synovial joint is best described with respect to three intersecting ____________ planes or axes: A joint is said to be ____________ if the bone moves in just one plane or axis. A joint is ____________ if the bone moves in two planes or axes. A joint is ____________ if the bone moves in multiple planes or axes.
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If the humerus is pivoting on its own longitudinal axis, it is exhibiting __________.
If the humerus is pivoting on its own longitudinal axis, it is exhibiting __________.
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What is the classification of joints based on their structure?
What is the classification of joints based on their structure?
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Study Notes
Synovial Joint Types
- Suture is not a type of synovial joint; it is a fibrous joint.
- Diarthroses are characterized by all types of synovial joints.
- Uniaxial joints include hinge, pivot, plane, and gliding joints.
- Biaxial joints include saddle and condylar joints.
- Multiaxial joints include ball-and-socket joints.
Joint Movements
- Arm movements: Abduction occurs when arms are raised laterally; flexion occurs at the elbow joint when arms are brought down or raised to rub the eyes.
- Hinge joints, like those in the knee and elbow, primarily allow flexion and extension.
- Ball-and-socket joints in the shoulder permit movement in coronal, transverse, and sagittal planes.
Articular Structures
- Articular capsule consists of a fibrous layer (dense connective tissue) for stabilization and a synovial membrane (areolar connective tissue) that lines the capsule.
- The joint cavity separates bones and contains synovial fluid for lubrication.
- Articular cartilage (hyaline cartilage) reduces friction between bones.
Arthritis Overview
- Arthritis refers to inflammation of one or more joints.
- Symptoms do not include a joint that is cold to touch compared to other body parts.
Causes and Age-Related Changes
- Causes of arthritis may include infectious agents, crystal formation, autoimmune attacks, and wear-and-tear changes due to aging.
- Osteoarthritis is linked to age-related changes such as cracks in cartilage, reduced chondrocytes, and less resilient matrix.
Treatment of Osteoarthritis
- Surgery is not the only treatment option for osteoarthritis.
Rheumatoid Arthritis
- Rheumatoid arthritis is an autoimmune disease affecting various organs, including skin, blood vessels, lungs, eyes, and heart.
Symphyses
- Symphyses feature fibrocartilage pads that absorb shock and allow slight mobility, such as the pubic symphysis and intervertebral joints.
Joint Classification
- Fibrous joints that are immobile, like suture joints, are found in the skull.
- Synovial joint mobility is ordered from most mobile (ball-and-socket) to least mobile (plane joints).
Fluid Dynamics and Joint Function
- Synovial joints are classified as diarthroses and consist of an articular capsule with outer fibrous and inner synovial layers.
- All synovial joints have a joint cavity and contain synovial fluid, which is secreted by the synovial membrane.
Movement Axes
- Synovial joints are categorized by the shape of articulating surfaces and the type of permitted movement across intersecting planes.
- Uniaxial joints allow movement in one plane, biaxial in two planes, and multiaxial in multiple planes.
Joint Rotation
- Rotation occurs when the humerus pivots on its longitudinal axis.
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Description
Explore key concepts from Chapter 9 in anatomy through flashcards. This quiz covers synovial joints and motion definitions relevant to the human body. Enhance your understanding of anatomical movements and joint types.
