Anatomy Flashcards Chapter 9

Questions and Answers

Which is not a type of synovial joint?

Suture (correct)

Saddle

Ball and socket

Pivot

From a relaxed, standing position, as you bring your arms up laterally so that they are straight out from your sides to stretch in the morning, the motion of the arms is called __. When you put your arms straight back down to your sides and then reach both hands up to rub your eyes, the motion that results at the elbow joint is called .

abduction; flexion

What type of synovial joints are diarthroses?

all

What is the fibrous layer of the articular capsule composed of?

dense connective tissue Signup and view all the answers

What type of tissue lines the synovial membrane of the articular capsule?

areolar connective tissue Signup and view all the answers

What separates articulating bones in a joint?

joint cavity Signup and view all the answers

What type of cartilage reduces friction between bones in a synovial joint?

hyaline cartilage Signup and view all the answers

What does the term arthritis describe?

inflammation of one or more joints Signup and view all the answers

What sign or symptom does NOT include arthritis?

a joint that is cold to the touch relative to other parts of the body Signup and view all the answers

List some causes of arthritis.

infectious agents, crystal formation in joint fluid, autoimmune attack, wear and tear age related changes of cartilage Signup and view all the answers

What are some age-related changes in articular cartilage that contribute to osteoarthritis?

little cracks in cartilage, reduced number of chondrocytes, less resilient chondrocyte manufactured matrix Signup and view all the answers

Surgical replacement of the damaged joint is the only treatment for osteoarthritis.

False Signup and view all the answers

What other organs can be affected by rheumatoid arthritis?

skin, blood vessels, lungs, portions of the eye, heart Signup and view all the answers

Match the following types of joints:

Uniaxial = Plane joint, Pivot joint, Hinge joint, Gliding joint Biaxial = Saddle joint, Condylar joint, Ellipsoid joint Multiaxial = Ball-and-socket joint Signup and view all the answers

A symphysis has a pad of between the articulating bones which acts as a resilient . All symphyses are , allowing . Examples include and .

fibrocartilage; shock absorber; amphiarthroses; slight mobility; pubic symphysis; intervertebral joints Signup and view all the answers

The multiaxial joint in which the spherical end of one bone fits into the cuplike socket of the other bone is called a ___________ joint.

ball-and-socket Signup and view all the answers

The shoulder joint is classified as what type of joint?

multiaxial Signup and view all the answers

The knee joint performs primarily flexion and extension, so it is classified as a __________ joint.

hinge Signup and view all the answers

The elbow performs flexion and extension, and is therefore a __________ joint.

hinge Signup and view all the answers

If a joint moves in all three planes of space, it is classified as __________.

multiaxial Signup and view all the answers

The type of fibrous joints that are immobile and found only between certain bones of the skull are called ___________.

suture Signup and view all the answers

Place the synovial joint types in order from the most freely mobile to the least mobile.

most mobile: ball and socket, saddle, condylar, pivot, hinge, plane; least mobile Signup and view all the answers

Symphyses can be found in the _____________.

intervertebral joints Signup and view all the answers

Functionally, all synovial joints are classified as , since all are freely mobile. Each synovial joint is composed of a double-layered capsule called the . Its outer layer is the , and the inner layer is a synovial membrane. All articulating bone surfaces in a synovial joint are covered by a thin layer of cartilage called articular cartilage. Only synovial joints house a , a space that permits separation of the articulating bones. Lining the joint cavity is the , which secretes .

diarthroses; articular capsule; fibrous layer; hyaline; joint cavity; synovial membrane; synovial fluid Signup and view all the answers

Synovial joints are classified by the of their articulating surfaces and the types of they allow. Movement of a bone at a synovial joint is best described with respect to three intersecting planes or axes: A joint is said to be if the bone moves in just one plane or axis. A joint is if the bone moves in two planes or axes. A joint is if the bone moves in multiple planes or axes.

shapes; movement; perpendicular; uniaxial; biaxial; multiaxial Signup and view all the answers

If the humerus is pivoting on its own longitudinal axis, it is exhibiting __________.

rotation Signup and view all the answers

What is the classification of joints based on their structure?

Classification of Joints Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Synovial Joint Types

Suture is not a type of synovial joint; it is a fibrous joint.
Diarthroses are characterized by all types of synovial joints.
Uniaxial joints include hinge, pivot, plane, and gliding joints.
Biaxial joints include saddle and condylar joints.
Multiaxial joints include ball-and-socket joints.

Joint Movements

Arm movements: Abduction occurs when arms are raised laterally; flexion occurs at the elbow joint when arms are brought down or raised to rub the eyes.
Hinge joints, like those in the knee and elbow, primarily allow flexion and extension.
Ball-and-socket joints in the shoulder permit movement in coronal, transverse, and sagittal planes.

Articular Structures

Articular capsule consists of a fibrous layer (dense connective tissue) for stabilization and a synovial membrane (areolar connective tissue) that lines the capsule.
The joint cavity separates bones and contains synovial fluid for lubrication.
Articular cartilage (hyaline cartilage) reduces friction between bones.

Arthritis Overview

Arthritis refers to inflammation of one or more joints.
Symptoms do not include a joint that is cold to touch compared to other body parts.

Causes of arthritis may include infectious agents, crystal formation, autoimmune attacks, and wear-and-tear changes due to aging.
Osteoarthritis is linked to age-related changes such as cracks in cartilage, reduced chondrocytes, and less resilient matrix.

Treatment of Osteoarthritis

Surgery is not the only treatment option for osteoarthritis.

Rheumatoid Arthritis

Rheumatoid arthritis is an autoimmune disease affecting various organs, including skin, blood vessels, lungs, eyes, and heart.

Symphyses

Symphyses feature fibrocartilage pads that absorb shock and allow slight mobility, such as the pubic symphysis and intervertebral joints.

Joint Classification

Fibrous joints that are immobile, like suture joints, are found in the skull.
Synovial joint mobility is ordered from most mobile (ball-and-socket) to least mobile (plane joints).

Fluid Dynamics and Joint Function

Synovial joints are classified as diarthroses and consist of an articular capsule with outer fibrous and inner synovial layers.
All synovial joints have a joint cavity and contain synovial fluid, which is secreted by the synovial membrane.

Movement Axes

Synovial joints are categorized by the shape of articulating surfaces and the type of permitted movement across intersecting planes.
Uniaxial joints allow movement in one plane, biaxial in two planes, and multiaxial in multiple planes.

Joint Rotation

Rotation occurs when the humerus pivots on its longitudinal axis.

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Explore key concepts from Chapter 9 in anatomy through flashcards. This quiz covers synovial joints and motion definitions relevant to the human body. Enhance your understanding of anatomical movements and joint types.