30 Questions
Which arteries supply blood flow to the brain?
Internal carotid and vertebral arteries
What is the approximate percentage of resting cardiac output that goes to cerebral blood flow?
15%
What is the primary source of energy for the brain?
Carbohydrates
What happens when there is a cessation of blood flow to the brain for 5-10 seconds?
Loss of consciousness
What can over treatment of diabetics with insulin lead to?
Decreased brain glucose levels
Which of the following is a type of sensory receptor that detects damage?
Nociceptor
What is the mechanism of fatigue in reverberatory circuits?
Transmitter depletion
What does hyperventilation cause in the brain?
Decreased blood flow
What is the function of the dorsal column-medial lemniscal system?
Transmits touch, vibration, position, fine pressure
What happens when there is a lesion in the somatosensory cortex?
Loss of vibration, fine touch, and proprioception
Which type of pain is transmitted by type A-delta fibers and travels in the neospinothalamic tract?
Fast pain
What is the primary cause of hyperalgesia, which is an altered perception of pain?
Damage to peripheral nerves
What is the medical term for the disorder of the trigeminal nerve that causes paroxysmal facial pain?
Trigeminal Neuralgia
What are the contralateral symptoms of Brown-Sequard syndrome?
Loss of pain sensation
What is the refractive power of the eye, in diopters?
59
Presbyopia is caused by denaturation of proteins in the lens, making the lens less elastic. The power of accommodation decreases with age. A child has an accommodation power of 14 diopters, while a 50-year-old has an accommodation power of 2 diopters.
Presbyopia is caused by the loss of lens proteins.
Cataracts are the leading cause of blindness worldwide. Cataracts are characterized by a cloudy or opaque area of the lens.
Cataracts are caused by the accumulation of lens proteins.
UV solar radiation is a major factor in the production of cataracts.
UV solar radiation is a minor factor in the production of cataracts.
Surgical implantation of a plastic lens can usually restore vision for individuals with cataracts.
Surgical implantation of a plastic lens can restore vision for individuals with cataracts.
Transmission of signals in the retina is by electrotonic conduction, which allows for a graded response proportional to light.
Transmission of signals in the retina is by action potential conduction.
Which of the following is true about blood flow control in the brain?
Astrocytic calcium wave leads to release of vasoconstrictive prostaglandins
What is the composition of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)?
Contains lower concentration of glucose than plasma
What is the function of the blood brain barrier (BBB)?
Allows selective transport of glucose and amino acids
What is the role of astrocytes in blood flow control in the brain?
Astrocytes release vasodilatory prostaglandins in response to increased glutamate spillover
What happens to blood flow in the brain when arterial CO2 levels increase?
Vasodilation occurs
Which type of stroke is caused by interruption of blood supply?
Ischemic stroke
Which of the following substances can diffuse across the blood brain barrier (BBB)?
All of the above
How can hypertonic solutions of mannitol increase permeability of the BBB?
By increasing lipid solubility
Which neurotransmitter is the chief inhibitory transmitter in the central nervous system (CNS)?
GABA
What is the main function of glutamate in the CNS?
Excitatory neurotransmission
Test your knowledge on synaptic facilitation with this quiz. Learn about the role of Ca++ concentration, action potentials, and postsynaptic membrane potential in facilitating neurotransmitter release. Explore the definition and mechanisms of facilitation in neuronal communication.
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