Podcast
Questions and Answers
How does caffeine in coffee primarily contribute to wakefulness?
How does caffeine in coffee primarily contribute to wakefulness?
- Blocks adenosine receptors, preventing adenosine's inhibitory effects. (correct)
- Inhibits the release of adenosine from synaptic vesicles.
- Stimulates the release of adenosine to promote neuron activity.
- Directly binds to and activates adenosine receptors.
During a job interview, Melissa is trying to control her temper due to the interviewer's provocative statements. Which brain regions are most likely exhibiting intense activity followed by strong activity?
During a job interview, Melissa is trying to control her temper due to the interviewer's provocative statements. Which brain regions are most likely exhibiting intense activity followed by strong activity?
- Hippocampus; frontal lobe
- Cerebellum; frontal lobe
- Amygdala; frontal lobe (correct)
- Hypothalamus; frontal lobe
Sam is unaware of the left side of his body after an accident. Which part of the cerebrum is most likely injured?
Sam is unaware of the left side of his body after an accident. Which part of the cerebrum is most likely injured?
- Temporal lobe
- Parietal lobe (correct)
- Occipital lobe
- Frontal lobe
A neurologist performs a spinal tap to collect cerebrospinal fluid. Into which meningeal space is the needle inserted?
A neurologist performs a spinal tap to collect cerebrospinal fluid. Into which meningeal space is the needle inserted?
During childbirth, Tina receives an epidural anesthetic. Into which meningeal space is the anesthesia administered?
During childbirth, Tina receives an epidural anesthetic. Into which meningeal space is the anesthesia administered?
Which of the following is NOT a component of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)?
Which of the following is NOT a component of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)?
Damage to which brain area is most likely to cause a person to slip into a coma?
Damage to which brain area is most likely to cause a person to slip into a coma?
Which of the following statements about sleep is NOT true?
Which of the following statements about sleep is NOT true?
An increase in heart rate is primarily associated with which division of the autonomic nervous system?
An increase in heart rate is primarily associated with which division of the autonomic nervous system?
Which division of the autonomic nervous system primarily promotes digestion?
Which division of the autonomic nervous system primarily promotes digestion?
Pupil constriction is mainly associated with which division of the autonomic nervous system?
Pupil constriction is mainly associated with which division of the autonomic nervous system?
An increase in respiratory rate is primarily controlled by which division of the autonomic nervous system?
An increase in respiratory rate is primarily controlled by which division of the autonomic nervous system?
Increased blood pressure is mainly initiated by which division of the autonomic nervous system?
Increased blood pressure is mainly initiated by which division of the autonomic nervous system?
Which type of glial cell forms the myelin sheath around axons in the central nervous system (CNS)?
Which type of glial cell forms the myelin sheath around axons in the central nervous system (CNS)?
Which type of glial cell forms the myelin sheath around axons in the peripheral nervous system (PNS)?
Which type of glial cell forms the myelin sheath around axons in the peripheral nervous system (PNS)?
Which type of glial cell makes up the blood brain barrier?
Which type of glial cell makes up the blood brain barrier?
Which glial cell type is primarily involved in immune defense and protects against infections in the central nervous system?
Which glial cell type is primarily involved in immune defense and protects against infections in the central nervous system?
Which glial cell type produces cerebrospinal fluid?
Which glial cell type produces cerebrospinal fluid?
During which stage of an action potential do sodium ions (Na+) primarily enter the cell?
During which stage of an action potential do sodium ions (Na+) primarily enter the cell?
How does Prozac primarily function to treat depression?
How does Prozac primarily function to treat depression?
Flashcards
How does caffeine work?
How does caffeine work?
Binds to adenosine receptors and blocks its action, preventing drowsiness.
Amygdala's role in emotions?
Amygdala's role in emotions?
Responsible for processing emotions, so increased activity would be observed.
Parietal lobe damage
Parietal lobe damage
Damage leads to neglect of one side of the body.
Subarachnoid space
Subarachnoid space
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Epidural space
Epidural space
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What CSF does NOT contain?
What CSF does NOT contain?
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Reticular Activation System
Reticular Activation System
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Deep sleep
Deep sleep
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Increases Heart Rate
Increases Heart Rate
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Promotes digestion
Promotes digestion
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Raises blood pressure
Raises blood pressure
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Oligodendrocyte
Oligodendrocyte
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Schwann cell
Schwann cell
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Na+ ions
Na+ ions
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Reuptake of serotonin
Reuptake of serotonin
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Erythrocyte
Erythrocyte
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Study Notes
- These notes cover various topics in neurobiology and physiology, including neurotransmitters, brain regions, cerebrospinal fluid, sleep, autonomic nervous system, glial cells, membrane potentials, drug actions, and barbiturates.
Caffeine and Adenosine
- Caffeine keeps you awake by inhibiting the release of adenosine from synaptic vesicles.
Temper and Brain Activity
- Controlling temper during an interview involves intense activity in the amygdala, followed by strong activity in the frontal lobe.
Cerebral Injury
- Unawareness of one side of the body after head trauma suggests injury to the parietal lobe.
Spinal Tap
- A spinal tap involves inserting a needle into the subarachnoid space of the meninges.
Anesthesia During Childbirth
- Anesthesia during childbirth is administered into the epidural space.
Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF)
- CSF is produced in the choroid plexus of the ventricles.
- CSF fills the subarachnoid space, suspending the brain.
- CSF carries oxygen, salts, and glucose.
- CSF should not contain numerous red blood cells.
Coma
- Damage to the Reticular Activation System can lead to a coma.
Sleep
- REM sleep is not the least active stage of sleep.
- Memory consolidation is believed to occur during deep sleep.
- A person can experience multiple sleep cycles per night.
- A sleep cycle lasts about 90-110 minutes.
Autonomic Nervous System
- The sympathetic division increases heart rate, increases respiratory rate and raises blood pressure.
- The parasympathetic division promotes digestion and constricts pupils.
Glial Cells
- Oligodendrocytes make up the myelin sheath of neurons in the CNS.
- Schwann cells make up the myelin sheath of neurons in the PNS
- Astrocytes make up the blood brain barrier and produce cerebro-spinal fluid
- Microglial cells protects against infections
Membrane Potentials
- Depolarization involves Na+ and Ca2+ ions entering the cell.
- Repolarization involves K+ ions leaving the cell and Cl- ions entering the cell.
Prozac
- Prozac blocks the reuptake of serotonin.
Cerebrospinal Fluid: Composition
- CSF contains water, ions, glucose, and dissolved gases.
- CSF does not contains proteins or erythrocytes
Barbiturates
- Barbiturates do not bring about prolonged depolarization.
- Barbiturates bind to receptors on chloride channels.
- Barbiturates strengthen the binding of GABA.
- Barbiturates allow chloride channels to remain open wider and for a longer period.
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