Symptoms of Newborn Jaundice
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Questions and Answers

What is the recommended frequency for taking vital signs of an infant undergoing treatment?

  • Once a day
  • Every 2 hours
  • At least every 4 hours (correct)
  • Every 6 hours
  • Which of the following is a risk factor that can increase neonatal hypoglycemia?

  • Cesarean section delivery
  • High birth weight
  • Normal glucose utilization
  • Congenital heart disease (correct)
  • What is the defined blood glucose level for hypoglycemia in term neonates between 24 and 48 hours of life?

  • < 30 mg/dL
  • < 3 mg/dL
  • < 2.5 mmol/L
  • < 45 mg/dL (correct)
  • What is one of the signs and symptoms of hypoglycemia in newborns as mentioned in the text?

    <p>Tachycardia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which treatment option is typically recommended for hypoglycemic newborns?

    <p>IV dextrose</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What action should be taken if hypoglycemia persists despite feeding in newborns?

    <p>Notify the primary health care provider</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the first sign of jaundice in newborns?

    <p>Yellowing of skin and eyes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a sign of Bilirubin Encephalopathy?

    <p>Rigid extension of all limbs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does exchange transfusion help to prevent in newborns?

    <p>Brain damage like Kernicterus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    At what total serum bilirubin level is phototherapy generally scheduled for term newborns?

    <p>10 to 12 mg/dL</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can a Coombs test be done for in newborns with jaundice?

    <p>Check for increased red blood cell breakdown</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does normal Total Serum Bilirubin (TSB) level range up to in newborns and children aged 15 days to 17 years?

    <p>&lt; 15.0 mg/dL</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Phototherapy Treatment for Newborns

    • The infant must be unclothed during treatment to ensure effective phototherapy.
    • Maintaining normal body temperature is crucial during treatment.
    • Vital signs should be taken at least every 4 hours.
    • An opaque mask is necessary to shield the newborn's eyes.
    • A small folded diaper covers the testes to prevent damage.
    • A cap may be used to prevent heat loss from the head during treatment.

    Monitoring Bilirubin Levels

    • Bilirubin levels should be checked at least daily.
    • Serum bilirubin levels usually fall 1 to 3mg/per dl after 8 to 12 hours of treatment.

    Parent-Infant Interaction

    • The phototherapy unit is turned off, and the eye shields are removed during parenteral visiting and feeding.

    Care and Management

    • Providing proper care and maintaining fluid level and hygiene of the newborn is essential.
    • Proper feeding and medication administration are critical.
    • Maintaining aseptic technique is necessary to prevent infection.
    • Providing psychological support to parents and explaining follow-up care is vital.

    Hypoglycemia in Newborns

    • Hypoglycemia is defined as blood glucose < 45 mg/dL (< 2.5 mmol/L) in term neonates and < 30 mg/dL (< 1.7 mmol/L) in preterm neonates.
    • Signs and symptoms of hypoglycemia include irritability, lethargy, seizures, apnea, grunting, and tachycardia.
    • Risk factors for hypoglycemia include intra-uterine growth retardation, prematurity, hyperinsulinemia, prolonged fasting, endocrine abnormalities, and congenital heart disease.
    • Treatment for hypoglycemia involves enteral feeding or IV dextrose.

    Nursing Care for Hypoglycemic Newborns

    • Identifying high-risk newborns and monitoring for signs of hypoglycemia is crucial.
    • Blood glucose levels should be checked within the first few hours after birth and every 4 hours thereafter.
    • Preventing hypoglycemia in newborns at risk involves initiating early feedings with breast milk or formula.

    Newborn Jaundice

    • The first sign of jaundice is yellowing of the baby's skin and eyes.
    • Symptoms of jaundice include lethargy, poor feeding, fever, and bilirubin encephalopathy.
    • Bilirubin encephalopathy can cause irreversible brain damage, leading to severe hyperextension, fever, irritability, and seizures.

    Exchange Transfusion

    • Exchange transfusion helps to remove sensitized RBCs, decrease serum bilirubin levels, correct anemia, and prevent cardiac failure.

    Diagnosing Newborn Jaundice

    • A distinct yellow coloration is a sign of jaundice.
    • Total Serum Bilirubin (TSB) levels are used to diagnose jaundice.
    • A complete blood count (CBC), blood type, and Rh incompatibility are necessary for diagnosis.
    • Coombs test may be done to check for increased red blood cell breakdown.

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    Description

    Learn about the common symptoms of newborn jaundice, including yellowing of the skin and eyes, lethargy, poor feeding, and in some cases, fever. Explore the signs of Bilirubin Encephalopathy, a condition where unconjugated bilirubin reaches toxic levels and causes severe brain damage in newborns.

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