Symptoms and Conditions in Medical Practice

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What type of reactions require energy to synthesize a compound from its simplest component?

Anabolic reactions
Exergonic reactions
Catabolic reactions
Endergonic reactions (correct)

What is the ultimate source of energy for all living matters?

Starch
Glucose
ATP
Sunlight (correct)

What is the classification of a pathway that involves the breakdown of molecules?

Catabolic (correct)
Amphibolic
Anabolic
Metabolic

What is the purpose of oxidative phosphorylation?

To convert ADP to ATP (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the energy that results from chemical changes in an organism?

Biological Energy (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the energy released from catabolic reactions used for?

To do work (A) Signup and view all the answers

What type of pathway is involved in the synthesis of molecules?

Anabolic (D) Signup and view all the answers

What type of pathway is involved in both the breakdown and synthesis of molecules?

Amphibolic (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the daily energy expenditure of an individual composed of?

Both BMR and energy required for physical activity (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for a series of chemical reactions in a metabolic pathway?

Multistep sequence (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which nucleotide is used to supply energy in protein synthesis?

GTP (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is an example of a metabolic pathway?

Glycolysis (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of phosphagen in rapid ATP utilization?

Act as a donor of P to maintain ATP concentration (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of ATP compared to other nucleotides?

It contains two high energy phosphate bonds (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the energy storage form of Creatine phosphate?

Phosphate bond (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the byproduct of β-oxidation of fatty acids and glycolysis?

Acetyl CoA (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of salivary enzyme amylase in the mouth?

Hydrolyze starch into short polysaccharides and maltose (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the incorrect term among the energy-conserved biochemical molecules?

DNA (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of disaccharidases in the intestinal mucosal cells?

To break down carbohydrates into monosaccharides (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the consequence of deficient carbohydrate degradation in the small intestine?

Undigested carbohydrate passing into the large intestine (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary cause of lactose intolerance?

Deficient production of lactase (A) Signup and view all the answers

In the stomach, what is the role of fiber?

To delay gastric emptying and provide a feeling of fullness (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of bacterial fermentation of undigested carbohydrates in the large intestine?

Production of large volumes of CO2 and H2 gas (B) Signup and view all the answers

Where are the disaccharidases associated with the intestinal mucosal cells?

Luminal side of the brush border membranes (C) Signup and view all the answers

In the small intestine, what is the role of pancreatic amylase?

To hydrolyze starches to disaccharides and monosaccharides (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of SGLT-1?

Absorption of glucose by intestine and renal active transport (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of GLUT-2?

Transport glucose out of intestinal and renal cells (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the fate of simple sugars absorbed in the small intestine?

They are delivered to systemic blood (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which tissues require insulin for glucose entrance?

Adipose tissue and muscle (D) Signup and view all the answers