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Questions and Answers
What is an example of a mutualistic relationship?
What is an example of a mutualistic relationship?
Which relationship describes a situation where one organism benefits while the other is unaffected?
Which relationship describes a situation where one organism benefits while the other is unaffected?
Which term describes a relationship where organisms work together for a more efficient outcome?
Which term describes a relationship where organisms work together for a more efficient outcome?
What is a key characteristic of parasitism?
What is a key characteristic of parasitism?
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Which of the following illustrates amensalism?
Which of the following illustrates amensalism?
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Study Notes
Mutualism
- A symbiotic relationship where both organisms benefit.
- Example: E. coli in the human gut. E. coli produces vitamin K for the host, while the bacteria receive nutrients and a safe environment.
Commensalism
- A symbiotic relationship where one organism benefits, and the other is neither harmed nor helped.
- Example: Barnacles on whales. The barnacles attach to whales for travel and feeding, while the whale is unaffected.
Synergism
- A type of interaction where two or more organisms work together to produce a result that is greater than the sum of their individual efforts.
- Example: Lactobacillus and Streptococcus in yogurt production. Both bacteria work together to ferment milk more efficiently than if they worked alone.
Parasitism
- A symbiotic relationship where one organism benefits at the expense of the other.
- Example: Tapeworm in the human intestine. The tapeworm absorbs nutrients from the host, potentially causing harm by depriving the person of essential nutrients.
Symbiosis
- A close and often long-term interaction between two species.
- Example: Lichens, a relationship between fungi and algae. The fungi provide structure, while the algae produce food through photosynthesis.
Pathogen
- Any organism that can cause disease.
- Example: Plasmodium, a parasitic microorganism that causes malaria.
Amensalism
- An interaction where one organism is harmed and the other is unaffected.
- Example: Penicillium mold secreting penicillin, killing bacteria. The bacteria are harmed, but the mold doesn't directly gain from their death.
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