Swimming Anatomy II
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Questions and Answers

Which type of locomotion is predominant in swimming?

  • Gliders (correct)
  • Burrowers
  • Drifters
  • Walking

    • What is the density of water compared to air?

  • 800:1
  • 1:50
  • 1:800 (correct)
  • 1:1

    • What is the Reynolds number used to predict in swimming?

  • Ease of locomotion in a fluid medium
  • Ratio of inertial vs. viscous forces (correct)
  • Viscous forces
  • Inertial forces

    • What is the formula for Reynolds number (Re)?

    <p>Re = Body Length · Speed · Density of Water / Viscosity of Water</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the Reynolds number (Re) predict in swimming?

    <p>Ease of locomotion in a fluid medium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the relationship between Reynolds number (Re) and inertial forces?

    <p>Directly proportional</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the relationship between Reynolds number (Re) and viscous forces?

    <p>Inversely proportional</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What Reynolds number (Re) value indicates that a fish moves forward?

    <p>Re &gt; 1</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the Reynolds number (Re) used to predict in swimming?

    <p>Ratio of inertial vs. viscous forces</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the relationship between Reynolds number (Re) and body size?

    <p>Directly proportional</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which mode of swimming is characterized by the undulation of the posterior 1/3 to 1/2 of the body?

    <p>Sub-Carangiform</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of fish propulsion mode is associated with undulation of the posterior 1/3 of the body and an increase in wave amplitude anterior to the tail?

    <p>Carangiform</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of fish propulsion mode is associated with oscillation of the tail and is commonly seen in billfish and lamnid sharks?

    <p>Thunniform</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of fish propulsion mode is associated with sculling using the caudal fin and is commonly seen in boxfish?

    <p>Ostraciform</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of fish propulsion mode involves the use of median and/or paired fins for swimming?

    <p>Fins Alone (MPF)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the relationship between power and muscle mass in fish?

    <p>Power is directly proportional to muscle mass</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the relationship between drag and velocity in fish?

    <p>Drag is directly proportional to velocity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the relationship between body mass and surface area in fish?

    <p>Body mass is unrelated to surface area</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the relationship between power and body mass in fish?

    <p>Power is directly proportional to body mass</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the relationship between body mass and surface area ratio in fish?

    <p>Body mass is inversely proportional to surface area ratio</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which fish species has the highest sprinting swimming speed?

    <p>Brown trout</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which fish species has the lowest metabolic costs of locomotion per unit body mass?

    <p>Sockeye salmon</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the unit of measurement for expressing metabolic costs of locomotion?

    <p>litres of O2 ·kg-1 ·km-1</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is Ucrit in the context of swimming speed?

    <p>Critical swimming speed</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the unit of measurement for expressing costs of locomotion per unit body mass?

    <p>Kcal·kg-1 ·km-1</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the OCLTT model used for?

    <p>Evaluating swimming bioenergetics</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are PIT tags used for in fish research?

    <p>Tracking individual fish</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of muscle is responsible for burst swimming?

    <p>White muscle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of fins in swimming?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of force is greater than viscous forces in swimming?

    <p>Inertial forces</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of locomotion is associated with larval fishes?

    <p>Drifters</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the ratio used to predict the relative ease of locomotion in a fluid medium?

    <p>Reynolds number (Re)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the formula for Reynolds number (Re)?

    <p>Re = Body Length · Speed · Density of Water / Viscosity of Water</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the Reynolds number (Re) predict in swimming?

    <p>Inertial Forces</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the relationship between Reynolds number (Re) and body size?

    <p>Re is proportional to body size</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of force is exerted in the opposite direction to movement in swimming?

    <p>Drag</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main consequence of water as a medium for locomotion compared to air?

    <p>Higher density</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the unit of measurement for expressing drag in swimming?

    <p>Newton (N)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the unit of measurement for expressing density of water compared to air?

    <p>Kilogram per cubic meter (kg/m^3)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the unit of measurement for expressing viscosity of water compared to air?

    <p>Pascal second (Pa·s)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which fish species has the highest swimming speed endurance?

    <p>Sockeye salmon</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the unit of measurement for expressing metabolic costs of locomotion?

    <p>Litres of O2 ·kg-1 ·km-1</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of fins in swimming?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the relationship between body mass and surface area ratio in fish?

    <p>Inversely proportional</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the formula for Reynolds number (Re)?

    <p>Re = (density * velocity * length) / viscosity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is Ucrit in the context of swimming speed?

    <p>The critical swimming speed at which a fish can no longer maintain position</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the relationship between drag and velocity in fish?

    <p>Directly proportional</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the density of water compared to air?

    <p>Higher</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the unit of measurement for expressing costs of locomotion per unit body mass?

    <p>Kcal·kg-1 ·km-1</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of muscle is responsible for burst swimming?

    <p>White Muscle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of fish propulsion mode involves the undulation of the posterior 1/3 of the body and an increase in wave amplitude anterior to the tail?

    <p>Carangiform</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the relationship between body mass and surface area ratio in fish?

    <p>Inversely proportional</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the formula for Reynolds number (Re)?

    <p>$Re = \frac{\text{viscous forces}}{\text{inertial forces}}$</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the OCLTT model used for?

    <p>Assessing fish passage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of fish propulsion mode is associated with sculling using the caudal fin and is commonly seen in boxfish?

    <p>Ostraciform</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the Reynolds number (Re) predict in swimming?

    <p>Drag force</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the relationship between drag and velocity in fish?

    <p>Directly proportional</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of fish propulsion mode involves the use of median and/or paired fins for swimming?

    <p>Fins Alone (MPF)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of fish propulsion mode is associated with oscillation of the tail and is commonly seen in billfish and lamnid sharks?

    <p>Thunniform</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the relationship between Reynolds number (Re) and body size?

    <p>Directly proportional</p> Signup and view all the answers

    True or false: Drifters and gliders are types of locomotion in swimming?

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    True or false: Water has a higher density than air?

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    True or false: Inertial forces in swimming are greater than viscous forces?

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    True or false: Eels have a cost of transport 4-5 times less than salmonids.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    True or false: Thunniform swimming is characterized by oscillation of the tail and is commonly seen in billfish and lamnid sharks.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    True or false: Carangiform swimming involves undulation of the posterior 1/3 of the body and an increase in wave amplitude anterior to the tail.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    True or false: Swim performance can be affected by barriers to migration, toxicants, angling, and non-retention fishing.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    True or false: The OCLTT model is used to assess the effects of temperature on swimming.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    True or false: The costs of locomotion per unit body mass decrease with larger body sizes.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    True or false: The critical swimming speed can be used to estimate the standard metabolic rate.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

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