parenteral in Pharmaceutical 3

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Questions and Answers

What is the meaning of the term 'parenteral'?

  • Injectable route of administration (correct)
  • Metabolism of microorganisms
  • Inside the intestine
  • Oral route of administration

What is the origin of the term 'parenteral'?

  • Latin words Para and Enteron
  • Chinese words for outside and inside
  • Greek words Para and Enteron (correct)
  • Arabic words for injection and digestion

What does the parenteral route of administration bypass?

  • Lipid polysaccharide products
  • Fever producing substances
  • Oral route of administration (correct)
  • Pyrogens

Parenteral route of administration involves injecting drugs outside the intestines.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The parenteral route of administration bypasses the Pyrogens.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The parenteral route of administration only involves soluble fever producing substances.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When was the first historical reference to the parenteral administration of a compound?

<p>Late 15th century (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What led to a ban in the use of parenteral medical treatment for several centuries?

<p>Death of all involved individuals (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When did the development of the hypodermic needle and the use of parenterally injected drugs in humans first occur?

<p>Mid 19th century (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was produced by Baxter in 1931, marking an important milestone in the history of parenteral administration?

<p>First commercially prepared intravenous solutions (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the mid 1960s, what service did many hospitals introduce?

<p>Intravenous admixture services (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of preparations are parenteral preparations?

<p>Sterile and pyrogen free liquids (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In which parts of the body are parenteral drugs administered?

<p>Directly into the veins, muscles or under the skin (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is an important requirement for parenteral drugs to circumvent the body's first line defense?

<p>Free from microbial contamination (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following preparations require special formulation and may not comply with certain parts of the monograph?

<p>All parenteral preparations (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a key feature of parenteral drugs' dosage form for administration?

<p>Conveying a drug through skin or mucous membranes (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When is the parenteral route of administration preferred?

<p>When the drug is ineffective by other routes (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a key reason for using the parenteral route of administration?

<p>To bypass the body's first line defense (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of using excipients in parenteral preparations?

<p>To enhance the stability and bioavailability of the active ingredient(s) (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended quality for water used as a vehicle for aqueous injections?

<p>Freshly distilled and free from carbon dioxide (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Under what conditions can sterilization at the initial stage of production be omitted?

<p>When the solution or preparation is immediately sterilized upon finalization (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What might be added to an aqueous solution for injection to render it isotonic?

<p>Sodium chloride or other suitable substance(s) (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of using antimicrobial preservatives in parenteral preparations?

<p>To prevent microbial contamination and ensure safety (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Excipients should be added in large quantities to ensure stability and efficacy of parenteral preparations.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Water for injections should be free from carbon dioxide and comply with Test for bacterial endotoxins.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Sterilization at the initial stage of production may be omitted for aqueous injections.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Sodium chloride may not be added to an aqueous solution for injection to render it isotonic.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The parenteral route of administration only involves soluble fever-producing substances.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of using excipients in parenteral preparations?

<p>To make the preparation isotonic with blood (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What might be added to an aqueous solution for injection to render it isotonic?

<p>Sodium chloride or other suitable substance(s) (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a key requirement for water used as a vehicle for aqueous injections?

<p>It should comply with Test for bacterial endotoxins (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Under what conditions can sterilization at the initial stage of production be omitted?

<p>If it is immediately sterilized upon finalization (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What should excipients used in parenteral preparations NOT do?

<p>Increase the bioavailability of the active ingredient (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of using antimicrobial preservatives in parenteral preparations?

<p>To prevent the growth of microorganisms in the preparation (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following Based On State Of Product According to USP (SVP) is corrrect :

<p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

which of the following classification of parenteral based of volume is correct :

<p>A + B (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Parenteral preparations must be free of microorganisms. (True/False)

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Parenterals are prepared using aseptic techniques and special clothing. (True/False)

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Sodium chloride may be added to an aqueous solution for injection to render it isotonic. (True/False)

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Parenterals are administered through the intestines. (True/False)

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a key advantage of the intravenous (IV) route of administration?

<p>It provides higher concentration of drugs to the bloodstream or tissues (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is the IV route of administration preferred in emergency situations?

<p>It can provide fluids, electrolytes, and nutrition to patients with GI tract problems (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of patients can benefit from the IV route of administration?

<p>Patients who cannot take food or have serious problems with the GI tract (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a key advantage of self-delivery of drugs via subcutaneous injections?

<p>Targeted drug delivery (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When might injection of drugs directly into a tissue be preferred?

<p>For drugs that require a rapid onset of action (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Parenteral drugs can be administered subcutaneously for sustained drug delivery. (True/False)

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Drugs that are inactivated in the gastrointestinal tract may be suitable for parenteral administration. (True/False)

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Antimicrobial preservatives are commonly used in parenteral preparations. (True/False)

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Parenteral drugs must be free of microorganisms. (True/False)

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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