12 Questions
What is a pace in surveying defined as?
The length of a step in walking from heel to toe
How is a stride defined in terms of paces?
Equivalent to two paces
What is the relative precision of pacing under average conditions?
1/200
Which method is used in surveying to determine approximate distances where low precision is acceptable?
Pacing
What is the definition of a pace factor in surveying?
The ratio of actual distance to paced distance
Which term best describes the length of a step in walking in surveying?
Pace
What is the first step required to pace a distance?
Find the length of one's pace (pace factor)
Which factor is NOT mentioned as affecting the length of a pace?
Duration of each trial
What unit is used to express the pace factor?
Meters per pace
In determining the pace factor, why is it advisable to take at least five or more trials?
To get a more accurate average number of paces
What is the pace factor if a surveyor takes 60 paces to cover a distance of 50 meters?
$0.833$ m/pace
If a surveyor took 770, 772, 775, 769, 773, and 771 paces for an unknown distance with a pace factor of $0.865$ m/pace, what would be the length of that line?
$711.8$ meters
Study Notes
Measurement of Distance by Pacing
- Measurement of distance is a fundamental operation in plane surveying, requiring accurate determination of the distance between two points on any surface.
- There are eight methods of determining distance: pacing, taping, tachymetric, graphical, mathematical, mechanical, photogrammetric, and electronic distance measurement.
Pacing Method
- Pacing involves counting the number of steps or paces in a required distance to determine approximate distances with low precision.
- A pace is defined as the length of a step in walking, measured from heel to heel or toe to toe.
- A stride is equivalent to two paces or a double step.
Factors Affecting the Length of a Pace
- Speed of pacing affects the length of a pace.
- Roughness of the ground affects the length of a pace.
- Weight of clothing and shoes used affects the length of a pace.
- Fatigue on the part of the pacer affects the length of a pace.
- Slope of the terrain affects the length of a pace.
- Age and sex of the individual affect the length of a pace.
Determining the Pace Factor
- To determine the pace factor, walk along a line with known length on level ground.
- Take at least five trials to determine an accurate value of the average number of paces.
- Divide the known distance by the average number of paces to get the pace factor.
- Pace factor is expressed in meters per pace (m/pace).
- It is essential to walk naturally when determining the pace factor.
Sample Problems
- To determine the pace factor, add the number of paces from each trial and divide by the number of trials.
- To determine the length of a line, multiply the number of paces by the pace factor.
Explore the methods to measure distance by pacing in surveying, including understanding pace factors, determining line length, and precision of measurements. Dive into basic surveying principles and types of surveying, while grasping key concepts like pace and factors affecting pacing length.
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