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Questions and Answers
What is the significance of the sterile corridor in radiography during surgery?
Which of the following items is NOT appropriate clothing for a radiographer in the operating room?
How should imaging equipment that is brought from outside into the operating room be prepared?
Which member(s) of the surgical team are required to scrub and wear sterile attire?
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In which type of surgical procedure is imaging localization typically utilized?
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What is the correct clothing requirement for entering restricted areas in a surgical environment?
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Which of the following is essential to maintain while working in the operating room?
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Where should the radiation detection monitor be positioned while working in the operating room?
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What type of procedure is typically performed after a cholecystectomy to check for residual stones?
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Which of the following procedures would likely NOT involve the use of a C-arm in a surgical setting?
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Study Notes
Surgical Suite
- Access to the surgical suite is restricted to authorized personnel and equipment.
- Specific surgical clothing must be worn.
- Radiographic equipment should be cleaned with an aseptic solution.
- Sterile covers should be placed over areas of the equipment that will come in contact with the patient.
- Some hospitals have dedicated imaging equipment for surgery.
- Some surgery suites have permanent imaging equipment installed.
Radiographer's Clothing
- Required attire includes freshly laundered scrubs, clean enclosed shoes, a surgical mask, protective eyewear, a lead apron, and a thyroid protector.
Restricted Areas
- Access is restricted to ensure sterility.
- Surgical clothing is mandatory.
Sterile Field
- A microorganism-free area prepared for sterile supplies and equipment.
Establishing a Sterile Field
- Place the sterile pack on a clean, accessible surface.
- Break the seal and open the pack before the procedure begins.
- Unfold the first corner away from you, then unfold the sides.
- Pull the front fold down and drop it, avoiding contact with the inner surface.
- If there is an inner wrap, open it in the same way.
Principles of Surgical Asepsis
- Contact with non-sterile objects or people contaminates sterile objects and fields.
- Avoid reaching across a sterile field.
- Suspect contamination necessitates discarding the item.
- Do not pass between the surgeon and the sterile field.
- Never leave a sterile area unattended.
- The 1-inch perimeter of a sterile field is considered contaminated.
Skin Preparation
- Aim is to reduce microorganisms through mechanical and chemical methods.
- Mechanical preparation involves scrubbing with soap and water.
- Chemical preparation involves cleansing with antiseptic solutions.
- The skin preparation process must be conducted using sterile technique.
Draping for Sterile Procedure
- Place sterile drapes around the surgical site.
- Handle drapes carefully, avoiding flipping or fanning.
- Place drapes so they overlap within the prepared area, with folds facing the operative site.
Sterile Scrub, Gowning, and Gloving
- The radiographer should open their sterile gown and towel pack before beginning the surgical scrub.
- Two types of sterile gloving are employed: open and closed.
- Radiographers typically use the open method for gloving.
Sterilization
- The complete destruction of all microorganisms and spores.
Medical Asepsis
- Techniques to reduce pathogenic microorganisms in the environment and interrupt their spread.
Surgical Asepsis
- Creating and maintaining an area completely free of pathogens.
Chemical Sterilization
- Immersion and soaking of clean objects in a germicidal solution followed by a sterile water rinse.
- Not recommended for surgical asepsis.
Autoclaving
- Steam sterilization under pressure using an autoclave.
- Most common and convenient method for heat and moisture resistant items.
Conventional Gas Sterilization
- Uses a gas mixture heated to 135°F (57°C).
- For items not suitable for autoclaving (electrical, plastic, rubber, optical).
- Drawbacks include toxic gases requiring controlled aeration, time-consuming process.
Gas Plasma Technology
- Safer alternative to conventional gas sterilization with no toxic byproducts.
- Sterilizes heat and moisture sensitive items in larger volumes.
- More cost-effective, but not suitable for all items.
Sterility Indicators
- Chemical indicators that change color when sterilization is complete.
- Used to confirm sterilization of packs.
- Placed inside and outside the pack to indicate gas, heat, steam, or gas plasma penetration.
Surgical Procedures Involving Radiography
- Radiographers are responsible for radiation safety and maintaining sterile technique.
- They must wear their radiation detection monitor outside the lead apron when working in the OR.
Cholecystectomy
- Surgical removal of the gallbladder.
- Cholangiograms (surgical or postoperative) are performed to check for remaining stones.
Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy
- Minimally invasive procedure using a laparoscope.
Open-Fracture Reduction
- C-arm is used for fracture alignment verification and hardware placement.
Surgical Localization
- Localization of foreign bodies, misplaced equipment.
- Guidance for catheter and pacemaker placement.
Urological Procedures
- Retrograde urograms.
- Ureteral stent placement.
- Stone extractions.
- Lithotripsy (stone fragmentation using various energy sources like laser, ultrasound).
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Description
Test your knowledge on the protocols and attire required in the surgical suite. This quiz covers sterile fields, clothing requirements for radiographers, and the importance of maintaining a microorganism-free environment. Ideal for healthcare professionals in surgical settings.
