Surgical Resection of Tumors
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Surgical Resection of Tumors

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Questions and Answers

Which factor is the most useful in determining tumor biology?

  • Making a diagnosis (correct)
  • Knowing the patient's age
  • The size of the tumor
  • The patient's family history

    • What does tumor biology dictate in surgical resection?

  • The type of anesthesia to be used
  • When to operate and what type of surgery to perform (correct)
  • The length of the surgery
  • The post-operative care required

    • What does the term 'cytoreduction' refer to in the context of oncological surgery?

  • The removal of the entire tumor
  • The alleviation of clinical signs through surgery
  • The diagnosis and staging of the tumor
  • The use of chemotherapy or radiation therapy (correct)

    • What is the purpose of palliative surgery in oncological cases?

    <p>To manage the tumor for a period of time</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the roles of oncological surgery?

    <p>Definitive excision - removal of the lump itself</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Can chemotherapy be used as an alternative to surgery in all cases?

    <p>It depends on the specific case and tumor type</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of surgery is considered prophylactic in reducing the risk of mammary neoplasia?

    <p>Ovarian hysterectomy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of cytoreduction in tumor removal?

    <p>To remove as much of the tumor as possible</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What diagnostic technique can provide the name of the tumor but not the tumor grade?

    <p>Cytology (FNA and impression smear)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of staging in oncological disease investigation?

    <p>To determine the extent of the disease</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of a pseudo-capsule in a tumor?

    <p>To prevent metastatic spread</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main purpose of surgery for supportive therapy?

    <p>To alleviate the pain of the patient</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of cancer is less likely to have a discrete capsule compared to sarcomas?

    <p>Carcinomas</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term used to describe tumor removal with minimal amount of surrounding normal tissues?

    <p>Margin excision</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of tissues offer the most resistance to invading tumor cells?

    <p>Collagen-rich tissues</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term used for the complete excision of the cancer with margins of normal cells?

    <p>Wide excision</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of excision involves the removal of an entire anatomical structure or compartment containing the tumor?

    <p>Radical excision</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are skip metastases and satellite metastases?

    <p>Localized areas of cancer cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term used to describe tumor removal to exclude its pseudo-capsule, leaving behind microscopic volumes of tumor?

    <p>Margin excision</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the most effective natural barriers to the spread of cancer?

    <p>Collagen-rich tissues</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which diagnostic technique is NOT able to provide information about the tumor grade?

    <p>Cytology - FNA and impression smear</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the risk of mammary neoplasia if ovarian hysterectomy is performed after the second estrous?

    <p>26%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term used to describe tumor removal that includes the pseudo-capsule and a minimal amount of surrounding normal tissues?

    <p>Marginal resection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which imaging technique is NOT commonly used for staging in oncological disease investigation?

    <p>Radiography</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of prophylactic surgery in reducing the risk of mammary neoplasia?

    <p>To reduce the risk of developing mammary neoplasia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term used to describe the reactive zone outside the pseudo-capsular region of a tumor?

    <p>Inflammation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor helps in determining the need for surgical resection of a tumor?

    <p>Tumor grading</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of cytoreduction in oncological surgery?

    <p>To respond well to chemotherapy or radiation therapy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main role of prophylactic surgery in oncological cases?

    <p>To reduce the risk of developing cancer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does tumor biology dictate in surgical resection?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of palliative surgery in oncological cases?

    <p>To alleviate clinical signs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the various roles of oncological surgery?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of cancer is more likely to have skip metastases and satellite metastases compared to sarcomas?

    <p>Carcinomas</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term used to describe tumor removal with minimal amount of surrounding normal tissues?

    <p>Margin excision</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of excision involves the removal of an entire anatomical structure or compartment containing the tumor?

    <p>Radical excision</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the most effective natural barriers to the spread of cancer?

    <p>Collagen-rich tissues</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of tissues offer relatively little resistance to invading tumor cells?

    <p>Fat tissues</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term used to describe tumor removal to exclude its pseudo-capsule, leaving behind microscopic volumes of tumor?

    <p>Wide excision</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of excision is often used for soft tissue sarcomas with 2-3 cm margins?

    <p>Wide excision in deep fascial planes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term used to describe complete excision of the cancer with margins of normal cells?

    <p>Debulking excision</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which diagnostic technique can provide information about the tumor type but not the tumor grade?

    <p>Cytology - FNA and impression smear</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of prophylactic surgery in oncological cases?

    <p>To minimize the risk of mammary neoplasia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term used to describe tumor removal with minimal amount of surrounding normal tissues?

    <p>Debulking/intralesional/cytoreduction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor helps in determining the need for surgical resection of a tumor?

    <p>Tumor type and grade</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term used to describe tumor removal that includes the pseudo-capsule and a minimal amount of surrounding normal tissues?

    <p>Marginal resection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of cancer is more likely to have a reactive zone of inflammation outside the pseudo-capsular region?

    <p>Sarcomas</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor helps in determining the need for surgical resection of a tumor?

    <p>Tumor biology</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of palliative surgery in oncological cases?

    <p>To alleviate clinical signs temporarily</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the various roles of oncological surgery?

    <p>Prophylactic surgery, diagnosis and staging, definitive excision</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term used to describe tumor removal with minimal amount of surrounding normal tissues?

    <p>Wide excision</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Could chemotherapy be used as an alternative to surgery in all cases?

    <p>No, only in certain cases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term used to describe the grading or staging of a tumor based on histologic degree of malignancy and histopathological characteristics?

    <p>Histopathological grading</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of cancer is more likely to have skip metastases and satellite metastases compared to sarcomas?

    <p>Carcinomas</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term used to describe tumor removal to exclude its pseudo-capsule, leaving behind microscopic volumes of tumor?

    <p>Margin excision</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of tissues offer the most resistance to invading tumor cells?

    <p>Collagen-rich tissues</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of excision is often used for soft tissue sarcomas with 2-3 cm margins?

    <p>Wide excision</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of excision involves the removal of an entire anatomical structure or compartment containing the tumor?

    <p>Radical excision</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of staging in oncological disease investigation?

    <p>To assess the spread of cancer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of surgery is considered prophylactic in reducing the risk of mammary neoplasia?

    <p>Ovarian hysterectomy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which diagnostic technique is NOT able to provide information about the tumor grade?

    <p>Imaging</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Excisional biopsy involves removing the tumor and sending it for ___________

    <p>histopathology</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Staging in oncological disease investigation can be done using radiography, ultrasound, or ________

    <p>CT</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The reactive zone outside of the pseudo-capsular region may contain _________ cells

    <p>cancer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    We can often leave macroscopic cancer behind. We can do this if we are aware of this and then we can provide the patient with some therapy post operatively to mop up any cancer cells we had left behind. Often we do this ______.

    <p>inadvertently</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Margin excision is often described as ______ - that is tumour removal with minimal amount of surrounding normal tissues. Must bear in mind that you are leaving some cancer cells behind - either microscopically or macroscopically.

    <p>local excision</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Complete excision of the cancer with margins of normal cells - this is what we do to try and remove the whole tumour and margins. To make sure there is no satellite metastases or skip metastases in the local area - that could result in local recurrence. Local recurrence with this method is ______.

    <p>unlikely</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The deep margin may result in taking a fascial plane as this is the larger barrier. Sometimes this can be very difficult to achieve. Lateral margins can be fairly straightforward but deep margins can be very difficult to achieve as you are constrained by the anatomy you're dealing with. You can ______ an animal with severe limb dysfunction if you take to deeper margins.

    <p>lead</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Various roles of oncological surgery: There are various roles for oncological surgery and small practice: • Prophylactic surgery • Diagnosis and staging • Definitive excision - removal of the lump itself • Palliative surgery - sometimes we know we can't remove it also sometimes we do palliative surgery to alleviate the clinical signs and help the animal out for a period of time whilst we manage it. • Cytoreduction - in a case that we can't remove all we know it can respond very well to chemotherapy or radiation therapy.

    <p>cytoreduction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Tumour biology dictates when to operate, what's operation to perform, and what ______ margins should be there. Could we use chaemotherapy instead of surgery. If it is a ______ candidate, what are the margins were going to need to take around to achieve complete removal.

    <p>surgical</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Tumor biology can be decided by: • Making a diagnosis • The grading of staging the condition ○ Histologic degree of malignancy ○ Looking ______ characteristics ○ Metastatic spread - need to be up to stage it (spread) ○ Paraneoplastic syndrome • Knowing what all this means Tumour biology dictates when to operate, what's operation to perform, and what surgical margins should be there.

    <p>histopathological</p> Signup and view all the answers

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