Surgical Resection of Tumors

Which factor is the most useful in determining tumor biology?

What does tumor biology dictate in surgical resection?

What does the term 'cytoreduction' refer to in the context of oncological surgery?

What is the purpose of palliative surgery in oncological cases?

What is one of the roles of oncological surgery?

Can chemotherapy be used as an alternative to surgery in all cases?

Which type of surgery is considered prophylactic in reducing the risk of mammary neoplasia?

What is the purpose of cytoreduction in tumor removal?

What diagnostic technique can provide the name of the tumor but not the tumor grade?

What is the purpose of staging in oncological disease investigation?

What is the purpose of a pseudo-capsule in a tumor?

What is the main purpose of surgery for supportive therapy?

Which type of cancer is less likely to have a discrete capsule compared to sarcomas?

What is the term used to describe tumor removal with minimal amount of surrounding normal tissues?

Which type of tissues offer the most resistance to invading tumor cells?

What is the term used for the complete excision of the cancer with margins of normal cells?

Which type of excision involves the removal of an entire anatomical structure or compartment containing the tumor?

What are skip metastases and satellite metastases?

What is the term used to describe tumor removal to exclude its pseudo-capsule, leaving behind microscopic volumes of tumor?

What are the most effective natural barriers to the spread of cancer?

Which diagnostic technique is NOT able to provide information about the tumor grade?

What is the risk of mammary neoplasia if ovarian hysterectomy is performed after the second estrous?

What is the term used to describe tumor removal that includes the pseudo-capsule and a minimal amount of surrounding normal tissues?

Which imaging technique is NOT commonly used for staging in oncological disease investigation?

What is the purpose of prophylactic surgery in reducing the risk of mammary neoplasia?

What is the term used to describe the reactive zone outside the pseudo-capsular region of a tumor?

Which factor helps in determining the need for surgical resection of a tumor?

What is the purpose of cytoreduction in oncological surgery?

What is the main role of prophylactic surgery in oncological cases?

What does tumor biology dictate in surgical resection?

What is the purpose of palliative surgery in oncological cases?

What are the various roles of oncological surgery?

Which type of cancer is more likely to have skip metastases and satellite metastases compared to sarcomas?

What is the term used to describe tumor removal with minimal amount of surrounding normal tissues?

Which type of excision involves the removal of an entire anatomical structure or compartment containing the tumor?

What are the most effective natural barriers to the spread of cancer?

Which type of tissues offer relatively little resistance to invading tumor cells?

What is the term used to describe tumor removal to exclude its pseudo-capsule, leaving behind microscopic volumes of tumor?

Which type of excision is often used for soft tissue sarcomas with 2-3 cm margins?

What is the term used to describe complete excision of the cancer with margins of normal cells?

Which diagnostic technique can provide information about the tumor type but not the tumor grade?

What is the purpose of prophylactic surgery in oncological cases?

What is the term used to describe tumor removal with minimal amount of surrounding normal tissues?

Which factor helps in determining the need for surgical resection of a tumor?

What is the term used to describe tumor removal that includes the pseudo-capsule and a minimal amount of surrounding normal tissues?

Which type of cancer is more likely to have a reactive zone of inflammation outside the pseudo-capsular region?

Which factor helps in determining the need for surgical resection of a tumor?

What is the purpose of palliative surgery in oncological cases?

What are the various roles of oncological surgery?

What is the term used to describe tumor removal with minimal amount of surrounding normal tissues?

Could chemotherapy be used as an alternative to surgery in all cases?

What is the term used to describe the grading or staging of a tumor based on histologic degree of malignancy and histopathological characteristics?

Which type of cancer is more likely to have skip metastases and satellite metastases compared to sarcomas?

What is the term used to describe tumor removal to exclude its pseudo-capsule, leaving behind microscopic volumes of tumor?

Which type of tissues offer the most resistance to invading tumor cells?

Which type of excision is often used for soft tissue sarcomas with 2-3 cm margins?

Which type of excision involves the removal of an entire anatomical structure or compartment containing the tumor?

What is the purpose of staging in oncological disease investigation?

Which type of surgery is considered prophylactic in reducing the risk of mammary neoplasia?

Which diagnostic technique is NOT able to provide information about the tumor grade?

Excisional biopsy involves removing the tumor and sending it for ___________

Staging in oncological disease investigation can be done using radiography, ultrasound, or ________

The reactive zone outside of the pseudo-capsular region may contain _________ cells

We can often leave macroscopic cancer behind. We can do this if we are aware of this and then we can provide the patient with some therapy post operatively to mop up any cancer cells we had left behind. Often we do this ______.

Margin excision is often described as ______ - that is tumour removal with minimal amount of surrounding normal tissues. Must bear in mind that you are leaving some cancer cells behind - either microscopically or macroscopically.

Complete excision of the cancer with margins of normal cells - this is what we do to try and remove the whole tumour and margins. To make sure there is no satellite metastases or skip metastases in the local area - that could result in local recurrence. Local recurrence with this method is ______.

The deep margin may result in taking a fascial plane as this is the larger barrier. Sometimes this can be very difficult to achieve. Lateral margins can be fairly straightforward but deep margins can be very difficult to achieve as you are constrained by the anatomy you're dealing with. You can ______ an animal with severe limb dysfunction if you take to deeper margins.

Various roles of oncological surgery: There are various roles for oncological surgery and small practice: • Prophylactic surgery • Diagnosis and staging • Definitive excision - removal of the lump itself • Palliative surgery - sometimes we know we can't remove it also sometimes we do palliative surgery to alleviate the clinical signs and help the animal out for a period of time whilst we manage it. • Cytoreduction - in a case that we can't remove all we know it can respond very well to chemotherapy or radiation therapy.

Tumour biology dictates when to operate, what's operation to perform, and what ______ margins should be there. Could we use chaemotherapy instead of surgery. If it is a ______ candidate, what are the margins were going to need to take around to achieve complete removal.

Tumor biology can be decided by: • Making a diagnosis • The grading of staging the condition ○ Histologic degree of malignancy ○ Looking ______ characteristics ○ Metastatic spread - need to be up to stage it (spread) ○ Paraneoplastic syndrome • Knowing what all this means Tumour biology dictates when to operate, what's operation to perform, and what surgical margins should be there.