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Questions and Answers
What is the primary purpose of the ASIF/AO Plating System?
What is the primary purpose of the ASIF/AO Plating System?
Which step is NOT part of the sequence to fixate a bone?
Which step is NOT part of the sequence to fixate a bone?
What is an advantage of using intramedullary rods or nails for long bone fractures?
What is an advantage of using intramedullary rods or nails for long bone fractures?
What kind of fractures does the Gamma nail primarily address?
What kind of fractures does the Gamma nail primarily address?
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Which tool is used to stabilize a fracture during the fixation process?
Which tool is used to stabilize a fracture during the fixation process?
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What type of suture is commonly used to repair meniscal tears?
What type of suture is commonly used to repair meniscal tears?
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What type of compression plate is associated with the concepts of locking compression?
What type of compression plate is associated with the concepts of locking compression?
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What is the primary goal when treating a meniscal tear?
What is the primary goal when treating a meniscal tear?
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What is the primary function of ligaments in the skeletal system?
What is the primary function of ligaments in the skeletal system?
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Which part of a long bone is known as the shaft?
Which part of a long bone is known as the shaft?
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Which type of bone is described as soft and spongy, containing bone marrow?
Which type of bone is described as soft and spongy, containing bone marrow?
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What must be stripped away when repairing a bone fracture?
What must be stripped away when repairing a bone fracture?
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The growth plate, also known as the epiphyseal plate, is found in which part of a long bone?
The growth plate, also known as the epiphyseal plate, is found in which part of a long bone?
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Which bone is known as the longest bone of the upper extremity?
Which bone is known as the longest bone of the upper extremity?
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What is the main role of tendons in the skeletal system?
What is the main role of tendons in the skeletal system?
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Which structure covers all articulating surfaces of joints?
Which structure covers all articulating surfaces of joints?
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What is the most common type of graft used in Anterior Cruciate Ligament (ACL) repair?
What is the most common type of graft used in Anterior Cruciate Ligament (ACL) repair?
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What is the primary goal of Total Knee Arthroplasty (TKA)?
What is the primary goal of Total Knee Arthroplasty (TKA)?
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Which type of hip fracture is classified as extracapsular?
Which type of hip fracture is classified as extracapsular?
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What fixation method is typically used for an Intertrochanteric fracture?
What fixation method is typically used for an Intertrochanteric fracture?
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What is a risk associated with femoral neck fractures in elderly women?
What is a risk associated with femoral neck fractures in elderly women?
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What is the purpose of internal fixation with cannulated screws in femoral neck fractures?
What is the purpose of internal fixation with cannulated screws in femoral neck fractures?
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What distinguishes a bipolar prosthetic from a unipolar prosthetic in total hip arthroplasty?
What distinguishes a bipolar prosthetic from a unipolar prosthetic in total hip arthroplasty?
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Which fixation method is used for subtrochanteric fractures?
Which fixation method is used for subtrochanteric fractures?
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What is the main surgical approach for Anterior Cruciate Ligament (ACL) repair?
What is the main surgical approach for Anterior Cruciate Ligament (ACL) repair?
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What component can be used in both unipolar and bipolar total hip arthroplasties?
What component can be used in both unipolar and bipolar total hip arthroplasties?
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Which bones form the acetabulum that connects to the femoral head?
Which bones form the acetabulum that connects to the femoral head?
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What type of joint is the knee classified as?
What type of joint is the knee classified as?
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Which ligaments are part of the knee's structure?
Which ligaments are part of the knee's structure?
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How many cervical vertebrae are there in the spine?
How many cervical vertebrae are there in the spine?
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What is the purpose of a tourniquet in surgical procedures?
What is the purpose of a tourniquet in surgical procedures?
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What materials does bone cement (PMMA) consist of?
What materials does bone cement (PMMA) consist of?
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Which type of equipment is used for fluoroscopy during surgical procedures?
Which type of equipment is used for fluoroscopy during surgical procedures?
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What is a key safety precaution when using powered surgical instruments?
What is a key safety precaution when using powered surgical instruments?
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What is the primary purpose of using a bone graft in surgical interventions?
What is the primary purpose of using a bone graft in surgical interventions?
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Which of the following is a benefit of closed reduction surgery?
Which of the following is a benefit of closed reduction surgery?
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Which type of bone graft is obtained from a tissue bank?
Which type of bone graft is obtained from a tissue bank?
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What is the main advantage of Open Reduction Internal Fixation (ORIF)?
What is the main advantage of Open Reduction Internal Fixation (ORIF)?
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What is the purpose of an external fixation device during fracture repair?
What is the purpose of an external fixation device during fracture repair?
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What characterizes cortical bone grafts compared to cancellous bone grafts?
What characterizes cortical bone grafts compared to cancellous bone grafts?
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What is the primary aim of fracture surgery?
What is the primary aim of fracture surgery?
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What should be included in the preparation for an implant during surgery?
What should be included in the preparation for an implant during surgery?
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Study Notes
Orthopedic Surgery Overview
- The skeletal system consists of 206 bones, supporting soft tissues, facilitating movement, and serving as a framework for ligaments and tendons.
- Muscles cover bones, enabling movement; ligaments stabilize joints, while tendons connect muscles to bones or cartilage.
- Joints are the articulation points where bones connect, with cartilage providing cushioning at their ends.
Bone Anatomy
- Long Bones: Composed of a diaphysis (shaft), epiphysis (ends with cancellous bone), and metaphysis (growth plate).
- Periosteum: Connective tissue covering bones, which can be stripped using periosteal elevators during surgical procedures.
- Cortical Bone: Dense outer layer offering support; cancellous bone is spongy and houses bone marrow located in areas such as the iliac crest and tibia.
Joint Anatomy
- Shoulder: A ball-and-socket joint comprised of the rotator cuff muscles and connections between the humerus, ulna, and radius.
- Hip: Another ball-and-socket joint, consisting of the acetabulum made from the ilium, pubis, and ischium, with the femoral head fitting into it.
- Knee: A hinge joint featuring collateral ligaments (MCL, LCL), menisci (medial and lateral), and cruciate ligaments (anterior and posterior).
Equipment in Orthopedic Surgery
- Operating Room Tables: Jackson Spinal Top for spinal surgery; Fracture Table for treating femoral neck and shaft fractures.
- Power Surgical Instruments: Includes drills, oscillating saw blades; pneumatically driven, requiring thorough testing prior to use.
- Radiography Tools: C-Arm for fluoroscopy during procedures, requiring staff to wear lead protection.
Surgical Interventions
- Bone Grafts: Used to fill defects; can be allografts (tissue bank) or autografts (from the patient). Cancellous bone promotes faster healing due to its vascular nature.
- Fracture Surgery: Involves closed reduction, external fixation, or open reduction internal fixation (ORIF) for stabilization and healing.
- Total Knee and Hip Surgery: Goals include preserving ligaments, restoring function, and addressing conditions like arthritis.
Specific Surgical Techniques
- Closed Reduction: Non-invasive technique to realign bones; uses splints or casts for immobilization, reducing infection risks.
- External Fixation: Provides stabilization without opening the fracture site; beneficial for soft tissue injuries.
- ORIF: Allows direct visualization and stabilization using various fixation devices (screws, plates).
Total Joint Replacement
- Total Knee Arthroplasty (TKA): Replaces damaged knee surfaces; commonly employs tricompartmental knee implants with variations in fixation techniques (cemented, uncemented, hybrid).
- Total Hip Arthroplasty: Involves replacing the femoral head and neck; can be unipolar or bipolar, aimed at improving leg length and alignment.
Considerations in Orthopedic Procedures
- Patient Preparation: Includes traffic control, proper positioning, and wearing PPE for infection control.
- Bone Fixation Sequence: Involves stabilizing the fracture, drilling holes, measuring screw depth, and inserting screws to ensure stability.
Post-Operative Care
- Emphasis on early patient mobilization, careful monitoring for nonunion and vascular compromise in hip and femoral neck fractures.
- Use of bone cement (PMMA) for implant fixation, emphasizing its flammability and handling considerations.
Common Fractures and Treatment
- Hip Fractures: Classified as femoral neck, intertrochanteric, or subtrochanteric; treated with various methods including internal fixation and total hip replacement based on fracture type and stability.
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Description
Explore the key concepts of the skeletal system, including bone anatomy and joint structure. This quiz covers essential topics such as the types of bones, their functions, and the role of connective tissues in the body. Test your knowledge on orthopedic surgery related to these anatomical components.
