Podcast
Questions and Answers
What component is mixed with methyl monomer to create PMMA cement?
What component is mixed with methyl monomer to create PMMA cement?
What is a major health risk associated with excessive exposure to PMMA fumes during mixing?
What is a major health risk associated with excessive exposure to PMMA fumes during mixing?
Which option is not a recommended practice for handling prosthetics?
Which option is not a recommended practice for handling prosthetics?
What is the primary goal of fracture surgery?
What is the primary goal of fracture surgery?
Signup and view all the answers
Which procedure allows manipulation of bone fragments without making an incision?
Which procedure allows manipulation of bone fragments without making an incision?
Signup and view all the answers
In which situation is external fixation most commonly utilized?
In which situation is external fixation most commonly utilized?
Signup and view all the answers
What must be present during the sterilization process of an implant?
What must be present during the sterilization process of an implant?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the most common infectious process leading to bone issues?
What is the most common infectious process leading to bone issues?
Signup and view all the answers
Which focal virtue emphasizes an active regard for the best interests of the person being cared for?
Which focal virtue emphasizes an active regard for the best interests of the person being cared for?
Signup and view all the answers
What is critical for a perioperative nurse to identify in order to align with ethical values in nursing practice?
What is critical for a perioperative nurse to identify in order to align with ethical values in nursing practice?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following is NOT one of the CNO Ethical Values implemented in perioperative nursing care practice?
Which of the following is NOT one of the CNO Ethical Values implemented in perioperative nursing care practice?
Signup and view all the answers
Which perioperative nurse practice standard relates to the use of knowledge from various disciplines?
Which perioperative nurse practice standard relates to the use of knowledge from various disciplines?
Signup and view all the answers
What virtue is characterized by ensuring the best actions are taken for the patient without bias?
What virtue is characterized by ensuring the best actions are taken for the patient without bias?
Signup and view all the answers
What is a primary advantage of Open Reduction and Internal Fixation (ORIF) over closed methods?
What is a primary advantage of Open Reduction and Internal Fixation (ORIF) over closed methods?
Signup and view all the answers
Which statement about Intertrochanteric fractures is correct?
Which statement about Intertrochanteric fractures is correct?
Signup and view all the answers
Which fixation method is indicated for unstable femoral neck fractures?
Which fixation method is indicated for unstable femoral neck fractures?
Signup and view all the answers
What is a requirement for internal fixation of femoral neck fractures?
What is a requirement for internal fixation of femoral neck fractures?
Signup and view all the answers
What is included in the fixation instrumentation for a stable femoral neck fracture?
What is included in the fixation instrumentation for a stable femoral neck fracture?
Signup and view all the answers
Which procedure allows for additional soft tissue procedures like skin grafts?
Which procedure allows for additional soft tissue procedures like skin grafts?
Signup and view all the answers
Which condition may arise from improper treatment of femoral neck fractures?
Which condition may arise from improper treatment of femoral neck fractures?
Signup and view all the answers
What type of fractures are most commonly associated with osteoporosis in elderly women?
What type of fractures are most commonly associated with osteoporosis in elderly women?
Signup and view all the answers
What type of fracture might not require a cast following stabilization?
What type of fracture might not require a cast following stabilization?
Signup and view all the answers
Which component is essential in the application of a Dynamic Hip Screw (DHS)?
Which component is essential in the application of a Dynamic Hip Screw (DHS)?
Signup and view all the answers
What differentiates unipolar from bipolar hip prosthetics?
What differentiates unipolar from bipolar hip prosthetics?
Signup and view all the answers
Which structures are primarily reinforced by the two collateral ligaments in the knee?
Which structures are primarily reinforced by the two collateral ligaments in the knee?
Signup and view all the answers
What is considered the gold standard for fixation of fractures according to the content?
What is considered the gold standard for fixation of fractures according to the content?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the primary advantage of arthroscopic surgery compared to traditional open surgery?
What is the primary advantage of arthroscopic surgery compared to traditional open surgery?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following procedures allows for both diagnostic and operative interventions in joint surgeries?
Which of the following procedures allows for both diagnostic and operative interventions in joint surgeries?
Signup and view all the answers
When performing a bilateral total hip replacement, what is crucial for ensuring symmetry and alignment?
When performing a bilateral total hip replacement, what is crucial for ensuring symmetry and alignment?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the purpose of normal saline irrigation during an arthroscopy?
What is the purpose of normal saline irrigation during an arthroscopy?
Signup and view all the answers
IM nails are primarily used for what type of fractures?
IM nails are primarily used for what type of fractures?
Signup and view all the answers
Which ligament is NOT classified as a cruciate ligament in the knee?
Which ligament is NOT classified as a cruciate ligament in the knee?
Signup and view all the answers
What is a common name for systems used in intramedullary fixation?
What is a common name for systems used in intramedullary fixation?
Signup and view all the answers
Which hemostatic agent is specifically used for scalp hemostasis during neurosurgery?
Which hemostatic agent is specifically used for scalp hemostasis during neurosurgery?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the purpose of the Galea during a surgical procedure?
What is the purpose of the Galea during a surgical procedure?
Signup and view all the answers
During the closing process of the dura, which instrument is employed?
During the closing process of the dura, which instrument is employed?
Signup and view all the answers
Which device is commonly used to prevent movement of the head during neurosurgery?
Which device is commonly used to prevent movement of the head during neurosurgery?
Signup and view all the answers
What type of flap maintains the original blood supply and includes muscle during surgical procedures?
What type of flap maintains the original blood supply and includes muscle during surgical procedures?
Signup and view all the answers
Why is it important to pad a patient's pressure points properly during neurosurgery?
Why is it important to pad a patient's pressure points properly during neurosurgery?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the typical duration range for neurosurgery procedures?
What is the typical duration range for neurosurgery procedures?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the primary consideration when using skin meshers in plastic surgery?
What is the primary consideration when using skin meshers in plastic surgery?
Signup and view all the answers
What tool is utilized for creating a burr hole in the skull?
What tool is utilized for creating a burr hole in the skull?
Signup and view all the answers
What must occur before closing the dura in neurosurgery?
What must occur before closing the dura in neurosurgery?
Signup and view all the answers
Which focal virtue primarily emphasizes the relationship built between the care provider and the patient or family?
Which focal virtue primarily emphasizes the relationship built between the care provider and the patient or family?
Signup and view all the answers
What ethical value focuses on the expectation to maintain patient confidentiality during perioperative care?
What ethical value focuses on the expectation to maintain patient confidentiality during perioperative care?
Signup and view all the answers
Which practice standard relates predominantly to accountability and professional responsibility in perioperative nursing?
Which practice standard relates predominantly to accountability and professional responsibility in perioperative nursing?
Signup and view all the answers
Which virtue is defined as ensuring actions taken are solely in the best interests of the patient, devoid of any biased opinions?
Which virtue is defined as ensuring actions taken are solely in the best interests of the patient, devoid of any biased opinions?
Signup and view all the answers
What is a primary focus when identifying goals and patient values in perioperative nursing?
What is a primary focus when identifying goals and patient values in perioperative nursing?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the main purpose of menisci in the knee joint?
What is the main purpose of menisci in the knee joint?
Signup and view all the answers
Which ligament is most frequently torn due to combined anterior and rotational stresses?
Which ligament is most frequently torn due to combined anterior and rotational stresses?
Signup and view all the answers
What component is commonly used for ACL repairs?
What component is commonly used for ACL repairs?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the primary diagnosis for patients undergoing Total Knee Arthroplasty (TKA)?
What is the primary diagnosis for patients undergoing Total Knee Arthroplasty (TKA)?
Signup and view all the answers
What is essential to verify before opening knee prosthesis implants?
What is essential to verify before opening knee prosthesis implants?
Signup and view all the answers
What does the Parathyroid hormone (PTH) primarily regulate in the body?
What does the Parathyroid hormone (PTH) primarily regulate in the body?
Signup and view all the answers
Which structure does the Estachain tube connect to the middle ear?
Which structure does the Estachain tube connect to the middle ear?
Signup and view all the answers
Which statement is true regarding knee prostheses following Total Knee Arthroplasty?
Which statement is true regarding knee prostheses following Total Knee Arthroplasty?
Signup and view all the answers
What ensures the improvement of mobility and stability in the knee joint post-TKA?
What ensures the improvement of mobility and stability in the knee joint post-TKA?
Signup and view all the answers
What is a potential consequence of excessive parathyroid hormone secretion?
What is a potential consequence of excessive parathyroid hormone secretion?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the primary function of ligaments in the skeletal system?
What is the primary function of ligaments in the skeletal system?
Signup and view all the answers
Which type of bone tissue is primarily responsible for the structural integrity of the long bone's outer shell?
Which type of bone tissue is primarily responsible for the structural integrity of the long bone's outer shell?
Signup and view all the answers
At what location is cancellous bone typically harvested for bone grafts?
At what location is cancellous bone typically harvested for bone grafts?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the purpose of the periosteal layer during the bone repair process?
What is the purpose of the periosteal layer during the bone repair process?
Signup and view all the answers
Which instrument is utilized to create a hole in the bone for screw fixation?
Which instrument is utilized to create a hole in the bone for screw fixation?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the primary reason for conducting a minor count in orthopedic surgeries?
What is the primary reason for conducting a minor count in orthopedic surgeries?
Signup and view all the answers
What distinguishes an allograft from an autograft in bone grafting practices?
What distinguishes an allograft from an autograft in bone grafting practices?
Signup and view all the answers
Which structure remains present until skeletal maturity and separates the epiphysis from the diaphysis?
Which structure remains present until skeletal maturity and separates the epiphysis from the diaphysis?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the primary purpose of using pneumatic tourniquets during surgical procedures?
What is the primary purpose of using pneumatic tourniquets during surgical procedures?
Signup and view all the answers
What should be the maximum inflation pressure for a pneumatic tourniquet on the thigh?
What should be the maximum inflation pressure for a pneumatic tourniquet on the thigh?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following instruments is specifically designed to grasp and remove intervertebral discs?
Which of the following instruments is specifically designed to grasp and remove intervertebral discs?
Signup and view all the answers
What is a critical safety consideration when using powered surgical drills?
What is a critical safety consideration when using powered surgical drills?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the recommended maximum duration a pneumatic tourniquet should be inflated for the upper extremity?
What is the recommended maximum duration a pneumatic tourniquet should be inflated for the upper extremity?
Signup and view all the answers
What type of table is primarily used for femoral neck or shaft fixation procedures?
What type of table is primarily used for femoral neck or shaft fixation procedures?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following statements is true regarding the documenting of tourniquet inflation and deflation times?
Which of the following statements is true regarding the documenting of tourniquet inflation and deflation times?
Signup and view all the answers
When operating a C-Arm for fluoroscopy, who is primarily responsible for its operation?
When operating a C-Arm for fluoroscopy, who is primarily responsible for its operation?
Signup and view all the answers
What is a potential risk associated with improper usage of powered surgical instruments?
What is a potential risk associated with improper usage of powered surgical instruments?
Signup and view all the answers
How much overlap should pneumatic tourniquet cuffs have when applied?
How much overlap should pneumatic tourniquet cuffs have when applied?
Signup and view all the answers
What is a primary concern during internal fixation of femoral neck fractures?
What is a primary concern during internal fixation of femoral neck fractures?
Signup and view all the answers
Which fixation method is suitable for stable femoral neck fractures?
Which fixation method is suitable for stable femoral neck fractures?
Signup and view all the answers
What is an advantage of Open Reduction and Internal Fixation (ORIF) compared to closed methods?
What is an advantage of Open Reduction and Internal Fixation (ORIF) compared to closed methods?
Signup and view all the answers
What type of fracture is directly linked to a compromised blood supply?
What type of fracture is directly linked to a compromised blood supply?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the method commonly used for stabilizing intertrochanteric fractures?
What is the method commonly used for stabilizing intertrochanteric fractures?
Signup and view all the answers
What is a common complication associated with femoral neck fractures if not properly treated?
What is a common complication associated with femoral neck fractures if not properly treated?
Signup and view all the answers
Which step must be taken before internal fixation of a femoral neck fracture?
Which step must be taken before internal fixation of a femoral neck fracture?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the primary advantage of using external fixation over other methods?
What is the primary advantage of using external fixation over other methods?
Signup and view all the answers
What is often utilized to guide the insertion of a lag screw during hip screw instrumentation?
What is often utilized to guide the insertion of a lag screw during hip screw instrumentation?
Signup and view all the answers
Why are lead gowns worn by all OR personnel during hip surgery involving fixation?
Why are lead gowns worn by all OR personnel during hip surgery involving fixation?
Signup and view all the answers
Study Notes
Bone Cement (Polymethylmethacrylate) (PMMA)
- PMMA is formed by mixing a powder (10% Barium Sulfate) with a liquid (methyl monomer) to create radiopaque cement.
- Flammable liquid requires proper OR ventilation; fumes can irritate respiratory tract and eyes.
- Antibiotic-impregnated PMMA effectively reduces infection rates.
Medications for Bone Treatment
- Bacitracin mixed with sterile saline is used for irrigation of contaminated bone or tissue.
Handling Prosthesis
- Prosthetic devices must be meticulously handled to prevent damage or contamination.
- They should be placed on a lint-free surface and visually inspected for defects.
- Minimal handling is essential, and rinsing with Bacitracin may be needed.
- Detailed implant information (Serial Number, Lot Number, Size, Expiry) must be documented.
- A biological indicator must be present during the sterilization process for implants.
Orthopedic Surgery Causes and Procedures
- Fractures can arise from trauma, infection, or bone diseases such as osteoporosis.
- Osteomyelitis is the most common infection associated with fractures; osteoarthritis is a prevalent degenerative condition.
- The goal of fracture surgery is to restore the anatomical function of fractured bones or joints.
Closed Reduction
- Involves manipulation of bone fragments without skin incision.
- Radiography confirms reduction, reduces infection risk, and minimizes recovery time.
External Fixation
- Used for severe open fractures and allows management of soft tissue wounds.
- Stabilizes fractures without requiring a cast, facilitating additional procedures as necessary.
Open Reduction and Internal Fixation (ORIF)
- Utilized when closed reduction fails; allows direct exposure to the fracture site.
- Applicable for long bones and hip fractures using internal fixation devices such as plates and screws.
Hip Fractures
- Intertrochanteric fractures are common in elderly women due to osteoporosis and can be fixed using Dynamic Hip Screw (DHS) instrumentation, preserving blood supply.
- Femoral neck fractures may compromise blood supply, requiring internal fixation with cannulated screws or Total Hip Arthroplasty (THA) if unstable.
- Subtrochanteric fractures utilize Intramedullary (IM) nails with fluoroscopy guidance.
Arthroscopy Surgery
- Knee joint includes the femur-tibial plateau and patella-femur articulations.
- Collateral ligaments (MCL, LCL) and menisci (medial and lateral) reinforce the knee, along with anterior and posterior cruciate ligaments.
- Arthroscopy allows visualization and irrigation of joints, promoting quicker recovery and minimal scarring.
Surgical Counts and Hemostatic Agents
- Dura counts are required during neurosurgery to ensure all materials are accounted for.
- Hemostatic agents include Raney clips, neuro patties, bone wax, Surgicel, and Gelfoam.
Positioning Devices in Neurosurgery
- Devices like Mayfield head fixation and Sugita pins prevent head movement during lengthy procedures.
Nursing Considerations in Neurosurgery
- Care for pressure points is crucial, as surgeries can last several hours.
- Patients need to be securely positioned due to potential mobility during the procedure.
Plastic Surgery Techniques
- Dermatomes remove split-thickness skin grafts, with mineral oil used for functionality.
- Skin meshers create slits in grafts to increase coverage area.
Flap Techniques
- Pedicle flaps maintain original blood supply; free flaps require microvascular anastomosis.
- Two teams often work together for harvesting and preparation of recipient sites.
Perioperative Nursing Virtues and Ethics
- Key virtues include compassion, discernment, trustworthiness, integrity, and conscientiousness.
- Perioperative nursing practice standards emphasize knowledge, the nursing process, professional accountability, and safe patient care.
CNO Ethical Values
- Core values include client well-being, choice, privacy, respect for life, commitments, truthfulness, and fairness, guiding daily nursing practice.
Orthopedic Surgery Anatomy
- Muscles provide movement by covering bones and interacting with the skeletal system.
- Ligaments connect bone to bone, ensuring joint stability.
- Tendons transmit force from muscles to bones or cartilage.
- Cartilage is elastic, covering the ends of bones for support and stability.
- Joints are the points where two bones articulate.
Bone Tissue and Blood Supply
- Two types of bone tissue:
- Cortical bone: dense, forms outer shell, supports tissue.
- Cancellous bone: soft, spongy; found in locations like the iliac crest and contains red marrow.
- Long bones consist of a shaft (diaphysis) and two ends (epiphysis), with cancellous bone at the ends.
- Epiphyseal plate (cartilage) separates epiphysis from diaphysis until skeletal maturity.
- Periosteum is a connective tissue layer covering bones; must be stripped for fracture repair.
- Synovial membrane covers articulating surfaces of joints.
Instrumentation for Bone Fixation
- Bone holder stabilizes the fracture.
- Drill creates holes for screws; tapped for stability.
- Depth gauge measures screw length; screw is inserted with a screwdriver.
Minor Count Protocol
- A minor count is conducted during orthopedic surgeries, involving tracking instruments from initial setup to closure.
Bone Grafts
- Bone grafts fill cavities after large bone removals and promote fracture union.
- Allografts come from tissue banks; autografts are from the patient’s own iliac crest.
- Cancellous bone grafts are spongy and grow into host bones, harvested from the iliac crest's anterior/posterior.
- Cortical bone grafts need stabilization with hardware; harvested from iliac crest, ilium, tibia, or ribs.
Instruments Identification
- Kerrison Rongeur: used to grasp and resect lamina bone.
- Pituitary Rongeur: grasping and removing intervertebral discs.
Powered Surgical Instruments
- Drill safety must be ensured to prevent accidental activation.
- Proper testing and handling protocols are essential for safety.
- Surgeons must be informed of drill size and ensure correct equipment connections.
Operating Room Equipment
- Fracture Table: used for femoral and tibial fixation procedures.
- Jackson Spinal Table: used when the patient is prone for spinal surgeries.
- C-Arm provides real-time imaging; all OR personnel must wear X-ray protective gear.
Pneumatic Tourniquets
- Used for extremities to create a bloodless field, enhancing visibility.
- Inflation should not exceed specific pressure ranges based on extremity size and duration guidelines.
- Monitoring of inflation and deflation times is critical, documented in patient charts.
Open Reduction and Internal Fixation (ORIF)
- Used when closed methods fail for fracture correction.
- Involves skin incision for direct fracture site access and utilizes internal fixation devices.
Hip Fractures
- Intertrochanteric fractures are common in elderly women due to osteoporosis, treated with plates and screws.
- Femoral neck fractures require reduction prior to fixation to avoid nonunion risks.
- Two fixation methods for femoral neck: stable internal fixation with cannulated screws and total hip arthroplasty (THA).
Knee Injuries
- Torn medial collateral, medial meniscus, and anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) are the most common knee injuries.
- Meniscus tears require arthroscopic resection or repair to maintain joint stability.
- ACL repair often involves a patellar tendon graft, especially important for active individuals.
Total Knee Arthroplasty (TKA)
- TKA replaces worn knee surfaces, primarily due to arthritis.
- Goal is to improve joint mobility and stability; does not require lead gowns during surgery.
- Implants must preserve normal ligaments for proper knee function and are side-specific.
Otolaryngology (ENT) Surgery Basic Anatomy
- Middle ear consists of tympanic membrane and ossicles (malleus, incus, stapes) for sound amplification.
- Nose includes various sinus cavities; trachea is in front of the esophagus.
- Thyroid gland regulates hormones; parathyroid gland manages calcium levels in the blood.
Perioperative Nursing Considerations
- Compassion, discernment, trustworthiness, integrity, and conscientiousness are key virtues in patient care.
- Knowledge of treatment goals, patient values, and conflict resolution strategies is essential in perioperative settings.
CNO Ethical Values
- Client well-being, choice, privacy, respect for life, and fairness are fundamental in nursing practices.
- Professional standards emphasize knowledge, clinical decision-making, accountability, and safe patient care through teamwork.
Studying That Suits You
Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.
Related Documents
Description
Test your knowledge of orthopedic surgery procedures and the treatment of bone conditions using PMMA and other medications. This quiz covers handling prosthetics, infection control measures, and the necessary documentation for surgical implants. Perfect for medical students and professionals in orthopedics.
