11 Questions
Which post-operative complication is characterized by hypotension and tachycardia?
Hemorrhage
What is the consequence of atelectasis squeezing the lungs?
Pneumonia
Which post-operative phase involves the time from the PACU to follow-up evaluation?
Post-operative phase
Which parameter is critical for the patient's ward transfer post-surgery?
Return of sensation
What is a potential wound complication post-surgery that involves the separation of wound layers?
Dehiscence
What is the purpose of a Babcock Forceps?
To hold viscera like bowel and bladder
Which surgical position is particularly suitable for rectal and sigmoidoscopy procedures?
Jacknife
What is the main function of Hemostatic Forceps?
To control bleeding
Which surgical position is commonly used for surgeries involving the head and neck?
Supine
What is the main difference between Allis Forceps and Babcock Forceps?
Allis Forceps automatically hold viscera, while Babcock Forceps are used for providing traction.
Which surgical instrument is used specifically for cutting dense tissue?
Carmalt hemostatic Forceps
Study Notes
Surgical Positions
- Supine: used for surgeries on the lower abdomen, pelvic organs, and upper abdomen
- Prone: used for surgeries on the spine, neck, and buttocks
- Jacknife/Kraske: used for rectal, sigmoidoscopy, and colonoscopy surgeries
- Lithotomy: used for perineal, vaginal, and rectal surgeries
- Fowler's: used for otorhinology and neurosurgery
- Right/Left Thurg: used for surgeries on the lateral rat abds, extremity, vascular, chest, neck, face, ear, and breast
- Scalpel: used for skin incision, attaches to #3 handle
Surgical Instruments
- Blade: used for skin incision, attaches to #3 handle
- Pang: tooth (thumb) Forcep used for grasping
- Brown Adson Forcep: used for delicate tissue handling
- Allis Forceps: used for traction on the skin, but not on the tissue beneath the skin
- Babcock Forceps: more delicate than Allis, less traumatic
- Sponge Forceps: can be straight or curved, used to automatically hold viscera (bowel + bladder)
- Hemostatic Forceps: hinged (locking) mechanism, aka Kelly, halstead, Chile
- Mosquito Hemostats: more delicate, smaller and finer tips than Kelly
- Carmalt Hemostatic Forceps: used for hemostasis
- Curved Mayo Scissors: used for cutting dense tissue
- Suture Scissors (blunt-blunt): used for cutting sutures
- Farabeuf Retractor: used to expose operating site
- Army-Navy Retractor: used for general surgery, has blunt edges with different lengths
- Zenn-Weitlaner Retractor: used for general surgery
- Gelpi Retractor: used for general surgery
- Curettes: used for scraping and removing tissue
- Periosteal Elevator: used for elevating periosteum
- Towel Clamps: used for securing towels in place
Post-Operative Phase
- Starts from the time patient is in PACU to follow-up evaluation
- Parameters for ward transfer:
- Patient is stable
- No signs of bleeding
- Patient has returned sensation
Post-Operative Complications
- Shock: hypotension, tachypnea, tachycardia
- Hemorrhage: bleeding
- DVT (Deep Vein Thrombosis)
- Pulmonary complications:
- Pulmonary embolism
- Atelectasis (collapsing lungs) => leads to pneumonia
- Intestinal obstruction
- Other complications:
- Wound complications (infection, hypertrophied scar, contractures, hemorrhage, dehiscence, evisceration)
- Urinary retention
- Intestinal obstruction
- Hiccups
- Depression
Test your knowledge on surgical positions like Supine, Prone, Lithotomy, and surgical instruments such as scalpels. Practice identifying which surgical position is suitable for specific surgeries and the correct use of surgical instruments in various procedures.
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