Surgery and Wound Care

Post-Operation Complications

• Post-operation bleeding can be caused by suppuration of the wound, not by diabetes mellitus, high patient's activity, high temperature, or low BP.
• Symptoms of wound suppuration include throbbing pain in the wound, not a decrease of body temperature, shriveling of wound area, cyanosis of skin, or decrease of local temperature.

Prophylaxis of Thrombosis

• Specific prophylaxis of thrombosis includes the usage of anticoagulants, elastic compression of low extremities, and early activation of patients, but not treatment gymnastics, daily massage, or respiratory gymnastics.

Stimulation of Sputum Discharge

• Measures for the stimulation of sputum discharge include inhalations with proteolytic enzymes, respiratory gymnastics, and massage of thorax, but not intaking pills of nitroglycerin.

Cardiac Arrest

• The dilation of pupils after the arrest of cardiac activity begins in 30 seconds.
• The electrodes of the electric defibrillator should be positioned with one electrode on the right parasternal line below the clavicle, and the other laterally from the apex of the heart.
• Signs of cardiac arrest include loss of consciousness, apnea, absence of pulsation on the main vessels, and pupil dilation.

Prophylaxis of Postoperative Pulmonary Complications

• Prophylaxis of postoperative pulmonary complications includes respiratory gymnastics, not administration of ferric drugs, inhalation of nitrous oxide, or laving of a stomach.

Diagnosis of Pulmonary Embolism

• The diagnostic method that helps to diagnose pulmonary embolism is chest X-ray, not biochemical blood test, rheovasography, or urine test.

Prophylaxis of Suppuration of Post-Operative Wound

• Prophylaxis of suppuration of post-operative wound includes draining a wound, not respiratory gymnastics, close-set sutures, or catgut sutures.

Treatment of Meteorism

• Treatment of meteorism includes the use of spasmolytics, the introduction of a colonic tube, but not the introduction of 10 % calcium chloride solution intravenously, or the introduction of proserin.

Prevention of Bed-Sores

• Prevention of bed-sores includes skin massage, regular changing of a patient's bed linens, but not using rubber rings, or placement of a patient on a hard mattress.

Pulmonary Complications

• Pulmonary complications include pneumonia, asphyxia, bronchitis, but not gastritis.

Signs of Clinical Death

• Signs of clinical death include cadaveric rigidity, livores mortis, loss of consciousness, but not decreased body temperature 1°C per hour.

First Aid

• Before resuscitation at apnea and the presence of foreign bodies in a mouth cavity, one should remove the foreign bodies and begin "mouth to mouth" AVL.

Indirect Cardiac Massage

• Indirect cardiac massage should be done in the lower third of a breastbone on a median line.

Catheterization of a Subclavian Vein

• Catheterization of a subclavian vein is contraindicated at Pedgett-Shretter syndrome, hemorrhagic shock, etc.

Contusion of Heart

• The sign most often revealed in contusion of heart is effusion in pericardiac bag, not retrosternal pain, sinuous tachycardia, arterial hypertension, or collapse.

X-ray Examination of Thoracic Organs

• The most informative patient's position for X-ray examination of thoracic organs is on the side.

Cardiac Injury

• What can relief patient's condition with cardiac injury before surgery is inhalation of oxygen, pericardiac puncture, or blood transfusion, but not cardiac glycosides or respiratory analeptics.

Closed Trauma of the Chest

• Signs of closed trauma of the chest include severe condition, cyanosis, breathlessness, disorder of phonation, subcutaneous emphysema on the neck.

Complications of Shock

• Complications of shock include immune blockade, respiratory distress-syndrome, hypotension, but not intensive GI motility.

Allgover's Index

• In Allgover's index =1 blood loss is 20-30%.

Traumatic Shock

• Traumatic shock has 4 degrees.

Novocain Blockade

• The type of Novocain blockade indicated in pleuro-pneumonial shock is intercostals.

Crush-Syndrome

• The main pathogenic factor of crush-syndrome is not painful irritation, traumatic toxemia, plasma loss, or autohemodilution, but ischemia of tissues.