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Questions and Answers
Which of the following is a type of surgery classified by purpose that aims to provide relief but not a cure?
Which of the following is a type of surgery classified by purpose that aims to provide relief but not a cure?
Which classification according to urgency describes surgery that is necessary within a few weeks?
Which classification according to urgency describes surgery that is necessary within a few weeks?
What is a characteristic of major surgery?
What is a characteristic of major surgery?
Which of the following factors does not generally increase surgical risk?
Which of the following factors does not generally increase surgical risk?
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Which type of surgery requires immediate intervention to sustain life?
Which type of surgery requires immediate intervention to sustain life?
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What would most likely be classified as a curative surgical procedure?
What would most likely be classified as a curative surgical procedure?
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Which of these statements about surgical risk is true?
Which of these statements about surgical risk is true?
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Which condition is an example of urgent surgery that requires intervention within 48 hours?
Which condition is an example of urgent surgery that requires intervention within 48 hours?
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What is necessary for minors under 18 before they can undergo surgery?
What is necessary for minors under 18 before they can undergo surgery?
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What phase of preoperative preparation occurs immediately before the surgery?
What phase of preoperative preparation occurs immediately before the surgery?
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Which of the following is NOT a preoperative exercise recommended for patients?
Which of the following is NOT a preoperative exercise recommended for patients?
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What is one of the major considerations for preparation on the evening before surgery?
What is one of the major considerations for preparation on the evening before surgery?
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How long before surgery should patients typically refrain from eating or drinking?
How long before surgery should patients typically refrain from eating or drinking?
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Why is food and fluid restriction important before surgery?
Why is food and fluid restriction important before surgery?
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Which of these is a common procedure to prepare the gastrointestinal tract before surgery?
Which of these is a common procedure to prepare the gastrointestinal tract before surgery?
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What should be done for extremely malnourished patients before surgery?
What should be done for extremely malnourished patients before surgery?
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What is a significant disadvantage of epidural anesthesia compared to spinal anesthesia?
What is a significant disadvantage of epidural anesthesia compared to spinal anesthesia?
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What is the primary purpose of administering epinephrine with local infiltration anesthesia?
What is the primary purpose of administering epinephrine with local infiltration anesthesia?
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In which location is spinal anesthesia typically administered?
In which location is spinal anesthesia typically administered?
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Which of the following is NOT a potential intraoperative complication?
Which of the following is NOT a potential intraoperative complication?
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What factors can lead to headaches as an after-effect of spinal anesthesia?
What factors can lead to headaches as an after-effect of spinal anesthesia?
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What is one method to prevent nausea and vomiting during spinal anesthesia?
What is one method to prevent nausea and vomiting during spinal anesthesia?
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Which assessment is important for immediate postoperative care?
Which assessment is important for immediate postoperative care?
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What should be done to manage a headache following spinal anesthesia?
What should be done to manage a headache following spinal anesthesia?
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Which of the following is NOT a method of managing unrelieved pain?
Which of the following is NOT a method of managing unrelieved pain?
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Unrelieved pain can lead to which of the following metabolic changes?
Unrelieved pain can lead to which of the following metabolic changes?
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What is indicated as a critical component of pain relief management?
What is indicated as a critical component of pain relief management?
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Which physiological effect is associated with unrelieved pain in the cardiovascular system?
Which physiological effect is associated with unrelieved pain in the cardiovascular system?
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Which of the following describes a potential gastrointestinal effect of unrelieved pain?
Which of the following describes a potential gastrointestinal effect of unrelieved pain?
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In the context of unrelieved pain, which cognitive effect may occur?
In the context of unrelieved pain, which cognitive effect may occur?
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What is a social aspect that may be impacted by unrelieved pain?
What is a social aspect that may be impacted by unrelieved pain?
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Which hormone shows increased levels as a result of unrelieved pain?
Which hormone shows increased levels as a result of unrelieved pain?
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What does the term 'ectom'y refer to in surgical terminology?
What does the term 'ectom'y refer to in surgical terminology?
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During which phase of the peroperative process does preoperative assessment take place?
During which phase of the peroperative process does preoperative assessment take place?
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What is the primary responsibility of the circulating nurse during surgery?
What is the primary responsibility of the circulating nurse during surgery?
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Which term best describes the surgical procedure that involves making an incision to look inside the body?
Which term best describes the surgical procedure that involves making an incision to look inside the body?
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What is the role of the PACU nurse after surgery?
What is the role of the PACU nurse after surgery?
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Which of the following best describes the intraoperative phase?
Which of the following best describes the intraoperative phase?
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Which term refers to the surgical creation of an opening?
Which term refers to the surgical creation of an opening?
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What is the primary function of the scrub nurse during surgery?
What is the primary function of the scrub nurse during surgery?
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Study Notes
Definition of Surgery
- Surgery is a medical branch focused on treating diseases, deformities, and injuries via manual operations.
Common Surgical Terms
- -ECTOMY: Removal or excision of tissue/organ.
- -LYSIS: Destruction or separation of tissues.
- -ORRAPHY: Repair or suture of tissues.
- -OSCOPY: Procedure for visual examination.
- -OSTOMY: Creation of an opening.
- -PLASTY: Repair or reconstruction of tissue or scars.
Perioperative Nursing Overview
- Encompasses the complete surgical experience, including preoperative and postoperative phases.
- Involves professional nursing activities during all phases of surgery.
Phases of Perioperative Nursing
- Preoperative Phase: Commences with the surgery decision and ends when the patient is on the OR table.
- Intraoperative Phase: Begins upon the patient's entry into the OR and ends after admission to PACU.
- Postoperative Phase: Starts upon admission to PACU and continues until follow-up evaluations.
Perioperative Team Roles
- Anesthesiologist/Nurse Anesthetist: Assesses and plans anesthesia; evaluates physical status.
- Professional Registered Nurse: Conducts preoperative assessments and documents intraoperative care plans.
- Circulating Nurse: Manages the OR environment; ensures patient safety.
- Scrub Nurse: Maintains surgical sterility; assists the surgical team.
- PACU Nurse: Cares for patients recovering from anesthesia; monitors vital signs.
Conditions Necessitating Surgery
- Obstruction or blockage, perforation, erosion, tumor presence.
Categories of Surgical Procedures
- Classified by Purpose (diagnostic, curative, reconstructive, palliative), Urgency (optional, elective, required, urgent, emergency), and Magnitude (major or minor surgery).
Surgical Risks and Complications
- General Risk Factors: Age, obesity, immobility, malnutrition, emergency situations, endocrine conditions, steroid therapy.
- Major Causes of Surgical Mortality: Pneumonia, cardiac arrest, renal failure, stroke, pulmonary emboli, sepsis, hypovolemic shock.
Nursing Assessment Pre-Surgery
- Consent is required for minors or incapacitated individuals.
- Preoperative preparation includes several phases: physician visit, hospital admission, night before surgery, and morning of surgery.
Preoperative Teaching
- Focuses on exercises (coughing, deep breathing, early ambulation) and using incentive spirometers.
Evening Preparation Before Surgery
- Skin and gastrointestinal preparation includes limiting food and fluid intake, administering enemas, and ensuring proper skin preparation techniques.
Anesthesia Types
- Epidural: Local anesthetic injected around dura mater; impacts sensory, motor, and autonomic functions.
- Spinal Anesthesia: Injected into the subarachnoid space; affects lower body functions.
- Local Infiltration: Direct injection of anesthetic into the incision area.
Potential Intraoperative Complications
- Nausea, vomiting, anaphylaxis, respiratory issues, hypothermia.
Postoperative Phase Goals
- Maintain function, restore homeostasis, alleviate pain, prevent complications, ensure proper discharge and teaching.
Immediate Postoperative Nursing Care
- Monitor airway status, verify patient identity and procedure, assess neurologic status, and evaluate vital signs.
Impact of Unrelieved Pain
- Can lead to serious systemic effects across multiple body systems, including endocrine, metabolic, cardiovascular, and cognitive impairments.
Overall Message on Pain Management
- Pain relief is recognized as a fundamental human right; effective pain management should include continuous assessment and intervention.
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Description
Explore the essential aspects of surgery and perioperative nursing in this quiz. Understand key surgical terms, phases of nursing care, and the overall surgical experience from preoperative to postoperative phases. Test your knowledge and improve your understanding of surgical procedures.
