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Questions and Answers
As the carbon chain of an acid increases, the ratio of polar–nonpolar character increases.
False
Liquid petrolatum has a spreading coefficient of -13.4 on water, indicating it can spread on water.
False
Benzene spreads on water because it is a polar substance.
False
The spreading coefficient of oleic acid on water increases as the carbon chain increases.
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Nonpolar substances never spread on water.
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Study Notes
Acid Carbon Chain Characteristics
- Increasing carbon chain length in acids enhances the ratio of polar to nonpolar character.
- Longer carbon chains typically lead to more nonpolar characteristics due to the dominance of hydrocarbon structures.
Liquid Petrolatum Properties
- Liquid petrolatum exhibits a spreading coefficient of -13.4 on water.
- A negative spreading coefficient indicates that petrolatum can spread on water, contrary to expectations for nonpolar substances.
Benzene Behavior
- Benzene is classified as a polar substance, allowing it to spread on water despite its nonpolar characteristics.
- The unique interactions of benzene with water facilitate its spreading, challenging traditional understandings of polarity.
Oleic Acid Spreading Coefficient
- The spreading coefficient of oleic acid on water increases with a longer carbon chain.
- Enhanced nonpolar character from a longer carbon chain leads to improved spreading capabilities on water.
Nonpolar Substances and Water Interaction
- Nonpolar substances are characterized by their inability to spread effectively on water.
- This property stems from the lack of favorable interactions between nonpolar molecules and the polar nature of water.
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Description
Understand the relationship between molecular structure and surface properties, including the effects of polar and nonpolar characters on spreading coefficients. Learn how substances like oleic acid and benzene interact with water.
