38 Questions
What is the head 'h' in a weir equivalent to?
One half of the total depth of water over the crest of the weir
What is the purpose of a weir in an open channel?
To control and raise the water level slightly on the upstream side
What is the characteristic of a rectangular weir with end contractions?
The effective length of crest decreases by 0.20H
Who invented the trapezoidal or Cipolletti weir?
An Italian engineer
What is the side slope of a trapezoidal or Cipolletti weir?
1 horizontal to 4 vertical
What type of equation can be used to derive the flow of water over a weir?
Energy equation
What is the primary benefit of furrow irrigation over border flooding?
Furrow irrigation is more adaptable to closely spaced row crops
What is a key characteristic of corrugation irrigation?
It is adaptable to closely spaced row crops
What is the primary function of an emitter in trickle or drip irrigation?
To deliver water directly to the soil near the plant
What is a key advantage of sprinkler irrigation?
It simulates natural rainfall
What is a key characteristic of sub-surface irrigation?
It is suitable for areas with favorable natural soil and topographic conditions
What is the primary difference between furrow irrigation and corrugation irrigation?
Corrugation irrigation uses smaller channels than furrow irrigation
What is the primary function of a control head in sprinkler irrigation?
To regulate water pressure in the pipes
What is a key benefit of trickle or drip irrigation?
It reduces water evaporation and runoff
What is the primary function of a hydraulic ram?
To pump water powered by falling water
What is a closed conduit?
A type of channel where water is supplied through pipelines
What is one of the positive impacts of irrigation on health?
Ensuring household food security and improving nutrition
What is one of the negative impacts of irrigation on the environment?
Reducing the flow of water at downstream needed to sustain natural ecosystem
What is one of the negative impacts of irrigation on socioeconomic conditions?
Depriving downstream users of their water
What is one of the causes of water quality degradation?
Inappropriate use of inputs such as fertilizer, pesticides, and herbicide
What is the purpose of a Parshall flume?
To measure the flow rate of water
What is one of the positive impacts of irrigation on agriculture?
Increasing agricultural production
What is the main advantage of a triangular or V-notch weir in measuring small water flow in canals?
It provides accurate flow measurements
What is a common issue with using weirs in water measurement?
Deposition of gravel, sand, and silt on the base of the weir
What is the main difference between a cutthroat flume and a Parshall flume?
The shape of the flume's throat section
What is the advantage of using a Type H flume in measuring stream flow?
It provides high accuracy at low flows
What is the main advantage of pump irrigation over gravity irrigation?
It allows for independence and control over water supply
What is the principle of operation of a jet pump?
It uses a high-pressure fluid jet and the venturi effect
What is the main characteristic of a roto-dynamic pump?
It has a rotating element that imparts energy to the water
What is the main difference between a displacement pump and a roto-dynamic pump?
The way they impart energy to the water
What is the primary source of nitrate concentration in groundwater, according to the text?
Urea fertilizer
What is the impact of drainage flows from irrigated fields on the ecosystem?
They disturb the ecological balance by carrying excess chemical nutrients and pollutants
What is the economic consequence of using poor quality or contaminated water for drinking and other uses?
It has an impact on the economical aspects of other activities such as industrial, tourism, and fishery
What is the result of unplanned and excessive groundwater abstraction for irrigation?
It causes the decline of the initially shallow water table
What is the consequence of a lowered water table on vegetation?
It causes vegetation to die off
What is the impact of unplanned and excessive groundwater abstraction on natural springs and ponds?
It leads to the drying up of natural springs and ponds
What is the economic consequence of rectifying polluted water quality?
It requires expensive and long-term investments
What is the impact of water quality degradation on human health?
It leads to cyanosis syndromes and carcinogenic impacts
This quiz covers different surface irrigation methods including border flooding, basin flooding, and furrow irrigation. Learn about the characteristics and applications of each method.
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