30 Questions
Which arteries typically enter the globe at the attachment sites for the recti muscles and help to supply the ciliary muscles?
Anterior ciliary arteries
What is the primary vasculature supply of the ciliary processes?
Major arterial circle
Which species have processes supplied by one arteriole that is directed posteriorly throughout its length, with capillary arcades that extend to each process margin, from which they empty into venous sinuses?
Dogs and cats
What is the primary structure that connects the anterior base of the iris to the inner peripheral cornea?
Pectinate ligaments
Which type of ciliary body musculature is characterized as the most common and primitive in orders of mammals up to and including ungulates?
Herbivorous
What is the main function of the ciliary body musculature?
To relax the lenticular zonules and alter the shape and refraction of the lens
What is the categorization of the placental mammalian ICA based on ciliary body musculature development?
Herbivorous, carnivorous, and anthropoid
What are the two layers of the herbivorous type of ciliary body musculature often referred to as?
Leaves
Which region of the trabeculae is similar in construction to the uveal meshwork but smaller in size?
The corneoscleral trabecular meshwork
What is the composition of the core of each trabecular beam?
Circularly and meridionally oriented collagen fibers
Which species has trabeculae that are incompletely lined by trabecular cells in their corneoscleral trabecular meshwork?
Dogs
What is the function of the operculum in the corneoscleral trabecular meshwork?
Unknown
Which animal has the most extensive trabeculae within the supraciliary space?
Horses
What age-related change occurs in the pigmented epithelium along the crests of the ciliary processes?
Decreased pigmentation
Which animal has the uveoscleral pathway limited to small intertrabecular spaces of the posterior ICA?
Pigs
What is the most likely function of the supraciliary meshwork?
A major pathway for aqueous humor removal
Which term has replaced the term 'cilioscleral sinus' to describe an area containing wide spaces filled with aqueous humor and interspersed with cell-lined cords of connective tissue?
Ciliary cleft
Which type of animal possesses a bi-leaflet configuration in the ciliary cleft, with the fibrous inner leaf or layer usually replaced by meridionally oriented smooth muscle and some radially oriented muscle fibers?
Carnivorous animals
What provides support to properly anchor the iris in both herbivorous and carnivorous types, compensating for wide and deep ciliary clefts?
Pectinate ligaments
Which type of animal has a ciliary body musculature that is believed to be the most highly developed among mammals, with three components (radial, meridional, and circular) forming a large, anterior pyramidal structure that provides a strong baseplate for iridal attachment?
Primates
Which of the following is true about the aqueous humor outflow in most mammals?
The aqueous humor exits the eye through the trabecular meshworks into the aqueous humor collector vessels.
What is the function of the juxtacanalicular zone in the corneoscleral trabecular meshwork?
It contributes to the outflow resistance of the aqueous humor.
Which of the following species has the least uveoscleral outflow of aqueous humor?
Cats
What is the main function of GAGs in the trabeculae within the intraocular aqueous pathway?
They control the hydration capacity and swelling or shrinking of GAGs.
During the first 3 years of life, collagen fibrils within the inner corneoscleral trabecular meshwork and adjacent outer uveal trabecular meshwork become progressively thinner. What happens to the collagen fibrillar size within the sclera forming the outermost lining of the ICA during this time?
It increases
When do the early age-related changes in collagen fibrillar size occur mostly within the inner scleral wall of the limbal region?
During the first year of life
What happens to the cellular density of both the uveal and corneoscleral meshworks by the end of the first year?
It decreases by nearly 30%
In older animals (>4 years of age), how does the number of cells in both the uveal and corneoscleral meshworks compare to younger animals (<1 year of age)?
There are fewer cells in older animals
What happens to the appearance of the trabecular (i.e., endothelial) cells in both the uveal and corneoscleral meshworks during the first year of life?
They become more separated spatially
What happens to the collagen fibrillar size within the inner corneoscleral trabecular meshwork and adjacent outer uveal trabecular meshwork during the first 3 years of life?
It decreases
Test your knowledge about the anatomy of the ciliary body, its vasculature, and associated muscles. This quiz covers the arterial blood supply to the globe, vasculature supply of the ciliary processes, structural connections in the eye, and types of ciliary body musculature.
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