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Pharm I (Part B)
49 Questions
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Pharm I (Part B)

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Questions and Answers

What is a potential benefit of glucosamine?

  • Causing risk for bleeding
  • increases GABA
  • Stimulating cells to make cartilage and synovial fluid (correct)
  • Stimulating melatonin secretion

    • What is a potential risk associated with glucosamine?

  • Stimulating melatonin secretion
  • Decreasing inflammation in joints
  • Causing risk for bleeding (correct)
  • Stimulating cells to make cartilage and synovial fluid

    • What can stimulate melatonin secretion?

  • Cartilage and synovial fluid
  • Darkness (correct)
  • Inflammation in joints
  • Glucosamine

    • what is the action of ACE inhibitors?

    <p>stops the conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the Classes

    <p>ACE inhibitors = end in PRIL calcium channel blocker = end in DIPINE ARBs = end in SARTAN beta blockers = end in LOL</p> Signup and view all the answers

    ACE inhibitors and ARBs can be prescribed together

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    2 common adverse effects seen with ACE inhibitors are ____ and ____

    Signup and view all the answers

    ACE inhibitors should be avoided in pregnant women and lactation

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Angiotensin II Receptor Blocker (ARBs) should be administered with or without meals?

    <p>with meals!</p> Signup and view all the answers

    you should avoid grapefruit with which?

    <p>Calcium channel blockers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A pt takes verapril which is important to avoid

    <p>grapefruit juice</p> Signup and view all the answers

    the nurse is providing education to a pt who takes captopril which adverse effect should be mentioned

    <p>dry cough</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why should the nurse be vigilant after administering antihypertensives to an older client?

    <p>To monitor for falls resulting from orthostatic hypotension</p> Signup and view all the answers

    a group of students are reviewing antihypertensive meds, which blocks angiotensin II receptor blocker

    <p>valsartan</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What question is important to ask a 45 yr old client who is starting angiotensin II receptor blocker (ARBs)

    <p>if she is on her period</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When educating nurses on ACE inhibitors what is the action brought by aldosterone?

    <p>causes sodium and water retention</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A client takes atorvastatin which aspect of client teaching is most important

    <p>call provider if muscle pain develops</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Pt takes atrovastatin what is the biggest adverse effect

    <p>rhabdomyolysis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Pharmacology instructor is discussing meds for treatment of dyslipidemia, which drug class is the most used

    <p>HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors (Statins)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Cancer pain and receives morphine ever 2 hrs what should you watch for

    <p>respiratory depression</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A nurse is caring for a pt with low back pain who has taken a lot of ibuprofen what could happen

    <p>GI irritation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A 4 yr old w chickenpox cant take aspirin because it can cause ___ syndrome

    Signup and view all the answers

    Nurse is aware that aspirin lowers fever but reduced pain because it inhibits production of ______

    Signup and view all the answers

    if a patient is fatigue, malnourished, and low hemoglobin can the pt has a deficiency of B12 and folic acid

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where do we go to if biological weapons?

    <p>CDC</p> Signup and view all the answers

    vasodilators is used only in non emergency hypertension

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which should you avoid to give that can have an interaction with a vasodilator

    <p>Sildenafil (viagra)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Cacium channel blocker can be used during pregnancy

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    who should you not give a beta blocker (metoprolol)

    <p>Asthma</p> Signup and view all the answers

    HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors (STATINS) increases LDL and decreases HDL

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    common contraindication with fenofibrate

    <p>gallbladder disease</p> Signup and view all the answers

    3 common side effects of opioids

    <ul> <li>respiratory depression</li> <li>hypotension</li> <li>constipation</li> </ul> Signup and view all the answers

    Naloxone (Narcan) is Used for

    <p>opioid reversal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    which is used for acute pain with kidney stones

    <p>ketorolac (toradol)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    should not be given to an older adult due to toxic effects

    <p>naproxen (aleve)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    which works in the hypothalamus to cause sweating and vasodilation

    <p>Analgesic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    You should not exceed ___ g per day for tylenol

    Signup and view all the answers

    Acetaminophen is the most common analgesic drug for children

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Whic treats inflammatory conditions such as MI

    <p>Aspirin (Bayer)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Huge risk for reye syndrome and should not be used in children

    <p>Salicylates</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Drugs that can provide pain relief for specific types of pains, Use of these is indicated when opioids are not enough

    <p>Adjuvant</p> Signup and view all the answers

    match the meds

    <p>salicylates = aspirin (bayer) opioid agonist = hydrocodone (Norco) opioid agonist antagonist = buprenorphine (buprenex) opioid antagonist = naloxone (narcan)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    match the meds

    <p>analgesics = acetaminophen (Tylenol) NSAIDs = ibuprofen (Advil) ACE inhibitor = lisinopril (prinivil) Angiotensin II receptor blocker (ARBs) = losartan (cozaar)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    match the med

    <p>beta blocker = metoprolol alpha 1 adrenergic blocker = doxazosin vasodilator = hydralazine fibrates = fenofibrate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    reversal for tylenol overdose

    <p>acetylcysteine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    common adverse effect for a analgesic is hepatotoxicity

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which increases GABA

    <p>valerian</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does this stand for? (angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors) ACE Inhibitor: A A C E

    <p>Avoid during pregnant Angioedema Cough Elevates K+</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When it comes to ACE inhibitors you should monitor what?

    <p>fluid status</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Glucosamine

    • Potential benefit includes support for joint health and reduction of osteoarthritis symptoms.
    • Potential risk is gastrointestinal upset and allergic reactions in some individuals.

    Melatonin Secretion

    • Stimulated by darkness and decreased light exposure, promoting sleepiness.

    ACE Inhibitors and ARBs

    • Can be prescribed together for treating hypertension and heart failure.
    • Common adverse effects of ACE inhibitors include cough and hyperkalemia.
    • Should be avoided in pregnant women and those who are breastfeeding.
    • ARBs may be taken with or without meals.

    Drug Interactions and Patient Education

    • Grapefruit should be avoided with certain medications, including some cholesterol-lowering drugs.
    • Importance of avoiding verapamil with beta-blockers to prevent excessive bradycardia.
    • Key adverse effect to mention for patients taking captopril is the risk of hypotension.

    Older Clients and Antihypertensive Medications

    • Vigilance is necessary after administering antihypertensives due to increased risk of falls and dehydration in older clients.
    • Angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARBs) can block the effects of angiotensin II, a hormone that narrows blood vessels.

    Client Assessment and Teaching

    • Important to ask about any history of renal impairment when starting ARBs in a 45-year-old client.
    • Aldosterone action in ACE inhibitors results in increased sodium retention, possibly leading to fluid retention.

    Statins and Dyslipidemia

    • Atorvastatin education emphasizes monitoring for muscle pain or weakness as a significant adverse effect.
    • Statins are the most commonly used drug class for treating dyslipidemia, targeting low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol.

    Pain Management and Opioids

    • Monitor patients receiving morphine for potential respiratory depression and sedation.
    • Risk associated with ibuprofen includes gastrointestinal bleeding, especially with prolonged use.

    Aspirin and Childhood Illness

    • Aspirin should be avoided in children with chickenpox due to the risk of Reye syndrome.
    • Aspirin lowers fever and reduces pain by inhibiting prostaglandin production.

    Nutritional Deficiencies

    • Fatigue, malnutrition, and low hemoglobin can indicate deficiencies in vitamin B12 and folic acid.

    Vascular and Cardiac Considerations

    • Caution against administering vasodilators without considering potential drug interactions.
    • Calcium channel blockers may be safely used during pregnancy, under medical supervision.

    Beta Blockers

    • Metoprolol should be avoided in patients with asthma or significant bradycardia.

    Liver Effects and Toxicity

    • Common contraindication of fenofibrate includes severe liver disease.
    • Three common side effects of opioids are constipation, drowsiness, and nausea.

    Naloxone and Acute Pain Management

    • Naloxone (Narcan) is utilized for opioid overdose reversal.
    • Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are typically used for acute pain management, including kidney stones.

    Age Considerations and Pharmacology

    • Some medications should not be given to older adults due to heightened risk of toxicity.
    • Medications acting in the hypothalamus affect temperature regulation, causing sweating and vasodilation.

    Acetaminophen Guidelines

    • Maximum recommended dosage for acetaminophen is 4 grams daily to avoid hepatotoxicity.
    • Acetaminophen is commonly used as an analgesic for children.

    Anti-inflammatory Treatments

    • Certain drugs, such as NSAIDs, are effective for inflammatory conditions like myocardial infarction (MI).

    Pain Management Strategies

    • Medications that relieve specific types of pain may be employed when opioids are inadequate.
    • Familiarity with medication types and their appropriate uses is essential for effective pain management.

    Monitoring and Safety

    • Monitor blood pressure, renal function, and electrolytes in patients on ACE inhibitors to prevent complications.

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    Description

    Test your knowledge of supplements and their effects on the body with this quiz! Explore the benefits and potential risks of glucosamine and melatonin, including their impact on joint health, inflammation, sleep disorders, and mood.

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