49 Questions
What is a potential benefit of glucosamine?
Stimulating cells to make cartilage and synovial fluid
What is a potential risk associated with glucosamine?
Causing risk for bleeding
What can stimulate melatonin secretion?
Darkness
what is the action of ACE inhibitors?
stops the conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II
Match the Classes
ACE inhibitors = end in PRIL calcium channel blocker = end in DIPINE ARBs = end in SARTAN beta blockers = end in LOL
ACE inhibitors and ARBs can be prescribed together
False
2 common adverse effects seen with ACE inhibitors are ____ and ____
ACE inhibitors should be avoided in pregnant women and lactation
True
Angiotensin II Receptor Blocker (ARBs) should be administered with or without meals?
with meals!
you should avoid grapefruit with which?
Calcium channel blockers
A pt takes verapril which is important to avoid
grapefruit juice
the nurse is providing education to a pt who takes captopril which adverse effect should be mentioned
dry cough
Why should the nurse be vigilant after administering antihypertensives to an older client?
To monitor for falls resulting from orthostatic hypotension
a group of students are reviewing antihypertensive meds, which blocks angiotensin II receptor blocker
valsartan
What question is important to ask a 45 yr old client who is starting angiotensin II receptor blocker (ARBs)
if she is on her period
When educating nurses on ACE inhibitors what is the action brought by aldosterone?
causes sodium and water retention
A client takes atorvastatin which aspect of client teaching is most important
call provider if muscle pain develops
Pt takes atrovastatin what is the biggest adverse effect
rhabdomyolysis
Pharmacology instructor is discussing meds for treatment of dyslipidemia, which drug class is the most used
HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors (Statins)
Cancer pain and receives morphine ever 2 hrs what should you watch for
respiratory depression
A nurse is caring for a pt with low back pain who has taken a lot of ibuprofen what could happen
GI irritation
A 4 yr old w chickenpox cant take aspirin because it can cause ___ syndrome
Nurse is aware that aspirin lowers fever but reduced pain because it inhibits production of ______
if a patient is fatigue, malnourished, and low hemoglobin can the pt has a deficiency of B12 and folic acid
True
Where do we go to if biological weapons?
CDC
vasodilators is used only in non emergency hypertension
False
Which should you avoid to give that can have an interaction with a vasodilator
Sildenafil (viagra)
Cacium channel blocker can be used during pregnancy
True
who should you not give a beta blocker (metoprolol)
Asthma
HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors (STATINS) increases LDL and decreases HDL
False
common contraindication with fenofibrate
gallbladder disease
3 common side effects of opioids
- respiratory depression
- hypotension
- constipation
Naloxone (Narcan) is Used for
opioid reversal
which is used for acute pain with kidney stones
ketorolac (toradol)
should not be given to an older adult due to toxic effects
naproxen (aleve)
which works in the hypothalamus to cause sweating and vasodilation
Analgesic
You should not exceed ___ g per day for tylenol
Acetaminophen is the most common analgesic drug for children
True
Whic treats inflammatory conditions such as MI
Aspirin (Bayer)
Huge risk for reye syndrome and should not be used in children
Salicylates
Drugs that can provide pain relief for specific types of pains, Use of these is indicated when opioids are not enough
Adjuvant
match the meds
salicylates = aspirin (bayer) opioid agonist = hydrocodone (Norco) opioid agonist antagonist = buprenorphine (buprenex) opioid antagonist = naloxone (narcan)
match the meds
analgesics = acetaminophen (Tylenol) NSAIDs = ibuprofen (Advil) ACE inhibitor = lisinopril (prinivil) Angiotensin II receptor blocker (ARBs) = losartan (cozaar)
match the med
beta blocker = metoprolol alpha 1 adrenergic blocker = doxazosin vasodilator = hydralazine fibrates = fenofibrate
reversal for tylenol overdose
acetylcysteine
common adverse effect for a analgesic is hepatotoxicity
True
Which increases GABA
valerian
What does this stand for? (angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors) ACE Inhibitor: A A C E
Avoid during pregnant Angioedema Cough Elevates K+
When it comes to ACE inhibitors you should monitor what?
fluid status
Study Notes
Glucosamine
- Potential benefit includes support for joint health and reduction of osteoarthritis symptoms.
- Potential risk is gastrointestinal upset and allergic reactions in some individuals.
Melatonin Secretion
- Stimulated by darkness and decreased light exposure, promoting sleepiness.
ACE Inhibitors and ARBs
- Can be prescribed together for treating hypertension and heart failure.
- Common adverse effects of ACE inhibitors include cough and hyperkalemia.
- Should be avoided in pregnant women and those who are breastfeeding.
- ARBs may be taken with or without meals.
Drug Interactions and Patient Education
- Grapefruit should be avoided with certain medications, including some cholesterol-lowering drugs.
- Importance of avoiding verapamil with beta-blockers to prevent excessive bradycardia.
- Key adverse effect to mention for patients taking captopril is the risk of hypotension.
Older Clients and Antihypertensive Medications
- Vigilance is necessary after administering antihypertensives due to increased risk of falls and dehydration in older clients.
- Angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARBs) can block the effects of angiotensin II, a hormone that narrows blood vessels.
Client Assessment and Teaching
- Important to ask about any history of renal impairment when starting ARBs in a 45-year-old client.
- Aldosterone action in ACE inhibitors results in increased sodium retention, possibly leading to fluid retention.
Statins and Dyslipidemia
- Atorvastatin education emphasizes monitoring for muscle pain or weakness as a significant adverse effect.
- Statins are the most commonly used drug class for treating dyslipidemia, targeting low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol.
Pain Management and Opioids
- Monitor patients receiving morphine for potential respiratory depression and sedation.
- Risk associated with ibuprofen includes gastrointestinal bleeding, especially with prolonged use.
Aspirin and Childhood Illness
- Aspirin should be avoided in children with chickenpox due to the risk of Reye syndrome.
- Aspirin lowers fever and reduces pain by inhibiting prostaglandin production.
Nutritional Deficiencies
- Fatigue, malnutrition, and low hemoglobin can indicate deficiencies in vitamin B12 and folic acid.
Vascular and Cardiac Considerations
- Caution against administering vasodilators without considering potential drug interactions.
- Calcium channel blockers may be safely used during pregnancy, under medical supervision.
Beta Blockers
- Metoprolol should be avoided in patients with asthma or significant bradycardia.
Liver Effects and Toxicity
- Common contraindication of fenofibrate includes severe liver disease.
- Three common side effects of opioids are constipation, drowsiness, and nausea.
Naloxone and Acute Pain Management
- Naloxone (Narcan) is utilized for opioid overdose reversal.
- Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are typically used for acute pain management, including kidney stones.
Age Considerations and Pharmacology
- Some medications should not be given to older adults due to heightened risk of toxicity.
- Medications acting in the hypothalamus affect temperature regulation, causing sweating and vasodilation.
Acetaminophen Guidelines
- Maximum recommended dosage for acetaminophen is 4 grams daily to avoid hepatotoxicity.
- Acetaminophen is commonly used as an analgesic for children.
Anti-inflammatory Treatments
- Certain drugs, such as NSAIDs, are effective for inflammatory conditions like myocardial infarction (MI).
Pain Management Strategies
- Medications that relieve specific types of pain may be employed when opioids are inadequate.
- Familiarity with medication types and their appropriate uses is essential for effective pain management.
Monitoring and Safety
- Monitor blood pressure, renal function, and electrolytes in patients on ACE inhibitors to prevent complications.
Test your knowledge of supplements and their effects on the body with this quiz! Explore the benefits and potential risks of glucosamine and melatonin, including their impact on joint health, inflammation, sleep disorders, and mood.
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