Questions and Answers
Which statements about hypertension in the United States are supported by facts? (Select all that apply)
Which medication is used to treat hypertension?
Losartan
What are the goals of antihypertensive therapy? (Select all that apply)
Drugs in the ______ class include losartan, olmesartan, and valsartan.
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Drugs in the ______ class include hydralazine, diazoxide, and minoxidil.
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Drugs in the ______ class include doxazosin, prazosin, and terazosin.
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Which antihypertensive medications are contraindicated during pregnancy and lactation? (Select all that apply)
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Which antihypertensive medication is contraindicated for an older adult with an esophageal stricture?
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Indicate which listed medication(s) or over-the-counter product(s) may cause increased hypotension when administered with doxazosin. (Select all that apply)
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Which medications are in the ARB class? (Select all that apply)
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What other condition should be asked about when counseling a 68-year-old male who is taking doxazosin?
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Indicate which listed medication(s) or over-the-counter product(s) may cause each interaction listed when administered with losartan. (Select all that apply for each interaction)
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Which effects of angiotensin II do angiotensin II blocking medications (ARBs) stop to decrease blood pressure? (Select all that apply)
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Drag the medications to the classification in which each belongs.
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Which over-the-counter products may interfere with blood pressure medicine? (Select all that apply)
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What statement from Mr. James reinforces the importance of medication compliance?
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What is the best response by the healthcare provider regarding why it is taking so long to manage elevated blood pressure?
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Study Notes
Hypertension Overview in the United States
- Approximately 30 million adults with known hypertension are untreated.
- Nearly 10% of adults in the U.S. have hypertension.
- Around 31 million adults on hypertension medication are not on the correct dosage.
- A significant majority of adults with hypertension lack adequate control of their condition.
Medications for Hypertension
- Losartan is a common medication prescribed to manage hypertension.
Goals of Antihypertensive Therapy
- Normalize blood pressure levels.
- Protect kidney function to prevent damage.
- Decrease the risk of stroke occurrences.
- Reduce overall organ damage resulting from high blood pressure.
Classes of Antihypertensive Drugs
- Angiotensin II Receptor Blockers (ARBs) include drugs like losartan, olmesartan, and valsartan.
- Vasodilators comprise medications such as hydralazine, diazoxide, and minoxidil.
- Alpha-1 Blockers feature doxazosin, prazosin, and terazosin.
Side Effects of Antihypertensive Medications
- Alpha-1 Blockers side effects: headaches, first-dose orthostatic hypotension, dizziness, erectile dysfunction.
- ARBs can lead to angioedema, headaches, and dizziness.
- Vasodilators may cause headaches, orthostatic hypotension, and dizziness.
Contraindications in Pregnancy and Lactation
- ACE inhibitors and ARBs are contraindicated for use during pregnancy and breastfeeding.
Special Considerations for Older Adults
- Doxazosin is contraindicated for older adults with esophageal strictures.
Drug Interactions with Doxazosin
- Increased hypotension risk with sildenafil and alcohol.
- Decreased effectiveness when combined with NSAIDs and estrogens.
ARB Medications
- Common medications in the ARB class include eprosartan, valsartan, and losartan.
Health History in Hypertension
- Inquire about benign prostatic hypertrophy in older male patients taking doxazosin.
Drug Interactions with Losartan
- Increased hypotension risk with NSAIDs, ACE inhibitors, and aliskiren.
- Renal dysfunction can occur with the same medications: NSAIDs, ACE inhibitors, and aliskiren.
- Hyperkalemia risk when taking potassium supplements.
Mechanism of ARBs
- ARBs prevent the effects of angiotensin II by inhibiting direct vasoconstriction and aldosterone release, which lowers blood pressure.
Classification of Medications
- Alpha-1 Blockers: terazosin, doxazosin.
- ARBs: valsartan, losartan.
- Vasodilators: diazoxide, minoxidil.
Over-the-Counter Products Interfering with Antihypertensives
- NSAIDs, appetite suppressants, and nasal decongestants may interfere with blood pressure medications.
Importance of Medication Compliance
- Emphasizing medication compliance is crucial, as highlighted by an older adult who regretted not starting antihypertensives sooner.
Managing Hypertension Over Time
- Hypertension management can be challenging due to its complex nature, often requiring time to find effective treatments.
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Description
Test your knowledge on hypertension in the United States with this set of flashcards. Learn important facts about the prevalence of hypertension and treatment strategies for better health outcomes. Whether you're a student or a healthcare professional, these flashcards are a valuable resource.
