after sun product
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary requirement for initiating a physical or chemical process upon interaction with sunlight?

  • Absorption of light by an atom or molecule (correct)
  • Reflection of sunlight by the skin
  • Scattering of sunlight by the skin
  • Conversion of light into heat by the skin

    • Which region shows strong absorption of chromophores in human skin?

  • UVB, UVA, and blue visible region (correct)
  • Green visible region
  • Infrared region
  • Red visible region

    • Which of the following is an example of a chromophore with strong absorption in human skin?

  • Chlorophyll
  • Bilirubin (correct)
  • Carotene
  • Hemoglobin

    • What can human skin be described as, in terms of its abundance of chromophores?

    <p>An abundant source of numerous chromophores</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a major consequence of skin irradiation with ultraviolet radiation (UVR)?

    <p>Local and systemic immunosuppression</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does UVR lead to DNA damage?

    <p>Directly and indirectly through oxidative stress</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary effect of increased Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) production due to UVR exposure?

    <p>Local inflammation and connective tissue degradation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the skin undergoes major changes due to UVR exposure?

    <p>Dermis and the dermalepidermal junction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a major consequence of prolonged sun exposure on the skin?

    <p>Increased production of Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is appropriate skin care recommended even after a sunbath without visible signs of erythema?

    <p>To counteract the effects of increased ROS production</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does ultraviolet radiation (UVR) lead to DNA damage?

    <p>By causing oxidative stress</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the skin undergoes major changes due to exposure to ultraviolet radiation (UVR)?

    <p>Dermis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the most common forms of after-sun formulations?

    <p>Lotions, creams, and sprays</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT an example of an active ingredient usually found in after-sun formulations?

    <p>Salicylic acid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are some common compounds found in after-sun formulations?

    <p>Collagen, silk amino acids, unsaturated fatty acids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a typical source of active ingredients in after-sun formulations?

    <p>Root of liquorice</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of using effective moisturizers in after sun preparations?

    <p>To reduce the signs and symptoms of dry, scaly skin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the skin undergoes major changes due to exposure to ultraviolet radiation (UVR)?

    <p>Epidermis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a major consequence of prolonged sun exposure on the skin?

    <p>Premature aging and wrinkling</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does ultraviolet radiation (UVR) lead to DNA damage?

    <p>By inducing ROS production</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of incorporating anti-inflammatory substances into after-sun formulations?

    <p>To relieve erythema and its symptoms of pain, redness, and burning</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are some common compounds found in after-sun formulations?

    <p>Aloe vera, vitamin E, and menthol</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is appropriate skin care recommended even after a sunbath without visible signs of erythema?

    <p>To prevent long-term skin damage caused by sun exposure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a major consequence of skin irradiation with ultraviolet radiation (UVR)?

    <p>Increased production of Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What property of Witch Hazel makes it effective for skin and recognized for its soothing properties?

    <p>High concentration of astringent tannins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What category has Witch Hazel been approved for as an OTC product?

    <p>Astringent and skin-protecting</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What effect does Witch Hazel have on erythema (skin redness)?

    <p>Suppressing erythema</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What contributes to the low toxicity profile of Witch Hazel?

    <p>Astringent and antioxidant properties</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary benefit of aloe vera gel in after sun products?

    <p>Provides a cooling effect</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main effect of ultraviolet radiation (UVR) on the skin?

    <p>Leads to DNA damage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary reason for recommending appropriate skin care even after a sunbath without visible signs of erythema?

    <p>To maintain skin health</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the major consequence of prolonged sun exposure on the skin?

    <p>Skin damage and visible signs of aging</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why are cooling agents like menthol and alcohol incorporated into after-sun products?

    <p>To soothe and alleviate the sensations of warmth and tenseness of sun-irritated skin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary benefit of incorporating camphor into after-sun products?

    <p>To soothe and alleviate sun-irritated skin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of using cooling agents in after-sun formulations?

    <p>To soothe and alleviate the sensations of warmth and tenseness of sun-irritated skin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What effect do cooling agents in after-sun products have on sun-irritated skin?

    <p>Soothe and alleviate sensations of warmth and tenseness</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of using antioxidants in after-sun preparations?

    <p>To replenish the depleted antioxidant pool and reinforce antioxidant defenses</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following substances is NOT mentioned as an example of an antioxidant used in after-sun preparations?

    <p>Menthol</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main focus of incorporating vitamins A, C, and E series into after-sun preparations?

    <p>To boost or reinforce antioxidant defenses of the skin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of using plant polyphenols from green tea in after-sun preparations?

    <p>To boost or reinforce the antioxidant defenses of the skin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of antioxidants are found in the human skin?

    <p>Lipophilic and hydrophilic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which skin layer would benefit the most from increased antioxidant capacity?

    <p>Stratum corneum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a hydrophilic antioxidant found in the human skin?

    <p>Vitamin C</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of antioxidants are ubiquinones and carotenoids categorized as in the human skin?

    <p>Lipophilic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main role of green tea extract when applied topically for UV protection?

    <p>To induce DNA repair</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which chemical constituent of green tea is specifically mentioned to reduce UV-carcinogenesis in animal models?

    <p>Epigalocatechin gallate (EGCG)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of green tea polyphenols in relation to UV protection?

    <p>Mediation of UV-protective effects via induction of DNA repair</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which chemical constituent of green tea is NOT mentioned in the text?

    <p>Theanine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary benefit of shea butter in skin care products?

    <p>Protection against UV radiation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which compound found in shea butter is responsible for activating cellular growth stimulation?

    <p>Phytosterols</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main effect of shea butter on skin regeneration?

    <p>Cellular growth stimulation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of shea butter's antioxidant butylated hydroxytoluene in skin care?

    <p>Protection against UV radiation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of painting extra virgin olive oil (EVOO) on the skin immediately after UVB radiation?

    <p>It reduces the number of skin cancers and ROS-induced DNA damage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which component of olive oil has been found to reduce ROS-induced skin damage?

    <p>Oleuropein</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What has generated a renewed interest in artificial tanning products?

    <p>Increased awareness of the hazards of UV light exposure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the better formulations of sunless or self-tanners with improved aesthetics more widely available for?

    <p>Achieving a tanned appearance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of dihydroxyacetone (DHA) in sunless or self-tanners?

    <p>Enhancing skin pigmentation by staining</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the site of action for dihydroxyacetone (DHA) in the skin?

    <p>Stratum corneum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to dihydroxyacetone (DHA) when heated to effect a solution in alcohol, ether, or acetone?

    <p>It reverts to the monomeric form</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the classification of dihydroxyacetone (DHA) in the International Cosmetic Ingredient Dictionary and Handbook?

    <p>Colorant or colorless dye</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the usual concentration range of DHA in self-tanning products?

    <p>2.5% to 10%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of formulating with silicones in self-tanning products?

    <p>Obtaining the spreadability of oils</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does minimizing the particle size of the micelles in the emulsion improve the formulation of self-tanning products?

    <p>Improves uniformity of spreading</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which type of emulsion is DHA predominantly formulated for self-tanning products?

    <p>O/w emulsions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of products are more readily accepted by consumers than creams, due to ease of spreadability and aesthetics?

    <p>Gels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of skin would be more suitable for products formulated in gel or alcoholic vehicles?

    <p>Oily skin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of products may produce a more intense tan due to greater applied film thickness?

    <p>Creams</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of skin care products would be most suitable for dry-skin types by the addition of emollients and humectants?

    <p>After-sun lotions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary effect of dihydroxyacetone (DHA) on SPF in sunless or self-tanners?

    <p>It provides only SPF 3 or 4</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the classification of dihydroxyacetone (DHA) in the International Cosmetic Ingredient Dictionary and Handbook?

    <p>Colorant</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What contributes to the low toxicity profile of Witch Hazel?

    <p>High tannin content</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does ultraviolet radiation (UVR) lead to DNA damage in the skin?

    <p>By creating reactive oxygen species</p> Signup and view all the answers

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