26 Questions
What is the primary mechanism of action of GnRH agonists like Goserelin and Naterelin?
They downregulate the GnRH receptors in the pituitary gland
Which of the following is a common side effect of prolonged treatment with GnRH agonists?
Symptoms of menopause
How do GnRH agonists like Goserelin and Naterelin differ from natural GnRH in terms of potency and duration of action?
They are 15-150 times more potent and have a longer duration of action
What is the rationale for using pulsatile administration of GnRH agonists?
To avoid the initial flare effect and downregulation of GnRH receptors
Why is the use of GnRH agonists problematic in the treatment of prostate cancer in men?
It can cause an initial increase in testosterone levels
How are GnRH agonists administered for the treatment of infertility and assisted reproductive technology procedures?
Subcutaneously or intramuscularly, with implants or injections
What is the primary mechanism of action of somatostatin analogues like octreotide and lanreotide?
They directly inhibit the pituitary tumor.
Which of the following is a common adverse effect of somatostatin analogues?
Hyperglycemia
What is the primary advantage of the long-acting formulation of lanreotide compared to octreotide?
Lanreotide is administered by intramuscular injection every 4 weeks.
How does pegvisomant differ in mechanism of action compared to somatostatin analogues?
Pegvisomant prevents growth hormone from activating its signaling pathways.
What is the primary mechanism of action of dopamine agonists like bromocriptine and cabergoline?
They inhibit the secretion of prolactin from the pituitary.
Which of the following is a common adverse effect associated with the use of dopamine agonists?
Dizziness and postural hypotension
What is the primary advantage of cabergoline over bromocriptine in the treatment of hyperprolactinemia?
Cabergoline has fewer gastrointestinal side effects.
What is the primary therapeutic use of growth hormone releasing hormone (GHRH)?
To differentiate between pituitary and hypothalamic causes of dwarfism.
Which of the following is a common adverse effect associated with the use of growth hormone agonists like somatropin?
Hyperglycemia
What is the primary route of administration for growth hormone agonists like somatropin?
Subcutaneous
What is the main advantage of GnRH receptor antagonists over agonists?
They produce a more complete suppression of gonadotropin secretion.
Which of the following is a common adverse effect observed with the use of GnRH receptor antagonists in prostate cancer treatment?
Allergic reactions and hypotension.
What is the main difference between human menopausal gonadotropins (hMG) and purified FSH preparations?
hMG has a shorter half-life but is more effective at stimulating estrogen secretion.
What is the primary clinical use of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG)?
Maintaining pregnancy by stimulating the corpus luteum to secrete progesterone.
Which of the following is the main reason why progesterone analogs are preferred over hCG for infertility treatment?
Progesterone analogs have a lower risk of causing ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS).
What is the main clinical application of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)?
Monitoring thyroid carcinoma recurrence.
What is the primary purpose of administering adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) in clinical practice?
To challenge the adrenal glands to produce cortisol.
What is the main advantage of desmopressin over natural vasopressin?
Desmopressin has a higher anti-diuretic to pressor ratio.
What is the primary mechanism of action of oxytocin in the body?
Promoting uterine contraction and the initiation of labor.
What is the main concern with the excessive use of oxytocin during labor and delivery?
Fetal distress and placental abruption.
Test your knowledge on drugs and hormones used to treat hypothalamic and pituitary disorders, including their descriptions, pharmacokinetics/pharmacodynamics, indications, adverse effects, and contraindications. Learn about growth hormone releasing hormone, growth hormone agonists, and more.
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