Sugar Processing and Production
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Questions and Answers

What is the process of extracting sugar from beet called?

Diffusion

What is the name given to the sugar beet processing stage where impurities are removed from the raw juice?

Juice Purification

In what process is the thin juice concentrated to make a thick juice?

Multiple-effect evaporation

What is the primary fuel source for boiler furnaces in sugar cane mills?

<p>Bagasse</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the name given to the thick sugar syrup containing sugar crystals produced in vacuum pans?

<p>Massecuite</p> Signup and view all the answers

The final syrup from which it is not economical to extract more sugar is called molasses.

<p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the machines called that are used to separate sugar crystals from syrup in the sugar production process?

<p>Centrifugals</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the name given to the process of turning sugar syrup into a crystalline form by boiling off water under reduced pressure?

<p>Crystallization</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the byproduct of sugar production that is used as fertilizer or growth substrate for yeast cultures?

<p>Vinasse</p> Signup and view all the answers

The counter-flow principle in diffusion ensures that hot water flows in the same direction as the cossettes.

<p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the approximate sugar content of the thin juice before entering the evaporators?

<p>14%</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the approximate sugar content of the thick juice after leaving the evaporators?

<p>60%</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the typical size of sugar crystals in massecuite?

<p>Approximately 1.0mm</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the by-product of sugar crystal separation in the centrifugals?

<p>Molasses</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the name given to the process of crushing sugar cane to extract juice?

<p>Crushing</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the name given to the fibrous material separated from the juice during sugar cane processing?

<p>Bagasse</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is added to the limed juice to neutralize acids and precipitate impurities during sugar cane processing?

<p>Lime</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the name given to the process of concentrating sugar syrup by boiling it under vacuum?

<p>Evaporation</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the name given to the large vessels where sugar syrup is concentrated by boiling under vacuum in the sugar cane processing chain?

<p>Vacuum pans</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the name given to the process of separating sugar crystals from syrup using centrifugals?

<p>Crystallization</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the approximate sugar content of the syrup before it is concentrated in the vacuum pan during sugar cane processing?

<p>65-70%</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is added to the syrup in the vacuum pan to initiate crystallization?

<p>Small sugar crystals</p> Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

  • Sugar production involves processes for both sugarcane and sugar beets.
  • The 2009 Top Ten Sugar Beet Producers, in metric tons, were: France (35.2 million), United States (27 million), Germany (25.9 million).

Sugar Beet Processing

  • The process begins with harvesting sugar beets.
  • The beets are washed and sliced.
  • Impurities are cleaned from the juice.
  • Sugar is crystallized from the syrup.
  • Sugar crystals are dried.

Sugar Beet Production

  • Harvesting occurs from late September to mid-January.
  • Mechanized methods are used (cutting off tops, extracting roots).
  • The leaves are used as animal feed.
  • Beets are transported via lorries to processing factories.

Weighing and Sampling

  • Beet weight is measured accurately at the factory.
  • Samples are taken to determine sugar percentage and tare.
  • Tare includes stones and beet byproducts which are deducted from the total weight.

Reception

  • Each load is weighed and sampled before being placed in heaps.
  • Soil tare, crown tare, and sugar and nitrogen content are checked.
  • The sugar content of each load is calculated based on these elements.
  • Beets are moved into a channel, then washed, headed for the processing plant.

Unloading

  • Two systems are used for unloading: dry and wet.
  • Dry unloading uses conveyor belts to silos.
  • Wet unloading uses water jets, cleaning the beets.
  • Stones and grass are removed using a series of stone and grass catchers.
  • Beets are washed before proceeding.

Diffusion

  • Sugar is extracted from sliced beets by diffusing with hot water.
  • Beet slices are continuously fed in and out.
  • The extracted juice is separated from the pulp.
  • The pulp is dried and used as animal feed.
  • Raw juice is around 14% sugar and black.

Extraction

  • Sugar is extracted from cossettes through the use of hot water.
  • The juice contains about 98% sugar.
  • The process is called counter-flow extraction, with the water's flow opposite to the cossettes.

Water Thermostat

  • The water temperature is maintained during extraction.

Evaporation

  • The purified juice is concentrated from 14% to 60% sugar by boiling off water in evaporators.
  • Evaporators are large vessels.

Evaporation (Continued)

  • Concentrated juice is created through multiple effect evaporation, producing a thick syrup similar to pancake syrup.
  • This thick syrup is stored in tanks, to reduce the load on the crystallization plant.

Crystallization

  • Recycled sugar is dissolved into thick juice.
  • Sugar crystals form, with syrup (mother liquor) around them.
  • This is called massecuite.
  • The liquid is separated from the crystals by centrifuging.
  • Crystals are dried in a granulator.
  • A second batch of sugar may be produced, of lower quality.

Centrifugals

  • The sugar is separated from the syrup using centrifugals.
  • The wet sugar is dried, screened, cooled, and sent to large storage silos (up to 50,000 tonnes).
  • Molasses is the final syrup.
  • The process takes around 12 hours, with beet producing 12-14 tonnes of sugar and 3-4 tonnes of molasses per 100 tonnes.

Additional information

  • White sugar centrifugals are for recovering sugar crystals.
  • The pages include diagrams, images, and maps, but these aren't explicitly requested in the general notes and therefore omitted.

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Related Documents

Sugar Process and Technology Lecture 2020 PDF

Description

Explore the intricate processes involved in sugar beet production, from harvesting to crystallization. This quiz covers the techniques, technology, and key statistics related to sugar industry trends. Test your knowledge on the efficient methods used in sugar beet processing and production.

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