Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is the primary function of an antidote?
What is the primary function of an antidote?
- To induce vomiting as a first response
- To provide immediate surgery to the affected area
- To neutralize poison and mitigate its effects (correct)
- To remove the entire poison from the body
Which of the following is considered an alkaline poison?
Which of the following is considered an alkaline poison?
- Toilet bowl cleaner
- Pool cleaner (correct)
- Battery acid
- Metal cleaner
What symptom is commonly associated with the ingestion of corrosive poisons?
What symptom is commonly associated with the ingestion of corrosive poisons?
- Euphoria
- Increased appetite
- Excessive tiredness
- Burning pain in mouth or throat (correct)
When managing poisoning, which goal is NOT typically included?
When managing poisoning, which goal is NOT typically included?
Which of the following substances would NOT be classified as an acid poison?
Which of the following substances would NOT be classified as an acid poison?
What is the recommended storage temperature range for vaccines?
What is the recommended storage temperature range for vaccines?
In which injection sites are vaccines administered to infants?
In which injection sites are vaccines administered to infants?
How long can reconstituted vaccines be stored in the refrigerator before use?
How long can reconstituted vaccines be stored in the refrigerator before use?
Which injection area should never be used for vaccine administration due to unpredictable absorption?
Which injection area should never be used for vaccine administration due to unpredictable absorption?
What type of bite wound would require vaccination according to the guidelines?
What type of bite wound would require vaccination according to the guidelines?
What is the set dosage of the PCEV administered on Day 0?
What is the set dosage of the PCEV administered on Day 0?
Which of the following describes the Zagreb Regimen Schedule?
Which of the following describes the Zagreb Regimen Schedule?
On Day 21, what is the site of injection for the PCEV?
On Day 21, what is the site of injection for the PCEV?
What is a recommended practice to reduce the risk of hypoxemia during suctioning?
What is a recommended practice to reduce the risk of hypoxemia during suctioning?
Which suctioning technique is suggested for patients on high FIO2 or PEEP?
Which suctioning technique is suggested for patients on high FIO2 or PEEP?
What should NOT be routinely performed prior to endotracheal suction?
What should NOT be routinely performed prior to endotracheal suction?
Why is shallow suction preferred over deep suction?
Why is shallow suction preferred over deep suction?
What is the effect of suctioning on patients with head injuries?
What is the effect of suctioning on patients with head injuries?
Which parameter is NOT recommended to monitor during suctioning?
Which parameter is NOT recommended to monitor during suctioning?
What should be considered if the patient experiences a clinically important reduction in oxygen saturation during suctioning?
What should be considered if the patient experiences a clinically important reduction in oxygen saturation during suctioning?
What is a possible complication that can arise from the use of central catheters?
What is a possible complication that can arise from the use of central catheters?
What is a key benefit of using the closed suction technique?
What is a key benefit of using the closed suction technique?
What is one of the recommended care practices for an AV fistula?
What is one of the recommended care practices for an AV fistula?
Which of the following is necessary for the proper care of intrajugular or central line access?
Which of the following is necessary for the proper care of intrajugular or central line access?
What can result from air entering the bloodstream through a catheter?
What can result from air entering the bloodstream through a catheter?
How should healthcare providers manage potential complications with central catheters?
How should healthcare providers manage potential complications with central catheters?
What is an important step to take when caring for an intrajugular catheter or central venous access device?
What is an important step to take when caring for an intrajugular catheter or central venous access device?
What is a common misconception about central catheter use?
What is a common misconception about central catheter use?
Which practice is recommended for daily inspection of an AV fistula?
Which practice is recommended for daily inspection of an AV fistula?
What should be checked at the site of an arteriovenous fistula (AVF) immediately following surgery?
What should be checked at the site of an arteriovenous fistula (AVF) immediately following surgery?
What is a key indication for the use of an arteriovenous graft?
What is a key indication for the use of an arteriovenous graft?
How long after insertion can a mature arteriovenous fistula (AVF) typically be used?
How long after insertion can a mature arteriovenous fistula (AVF) typically be used?
What is a potential complication of an arteriovenous graft?
What is a potential complication of an arteriovenous graft?
What should be done to care for an arteriovenous graft site after surgery?
What should be done to care for an arteriovenous graft site after surgery?
What should be avoided at the site of an arteriovenous graft to prevent injury?
What should be avoided at the site of an arteriovenous graft to prevent injury?
When can bathing or showering be resumed after arteriovenous graft surgery?
When can bathing or showering be resumed after arteriovenous graft surgery?
What is a sign that may indicate infection at the site of an arteriovenous graft?
What is a sign that may indicate infection at the site of an arteriovenous graft?
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Study Notes
Suctioning Guidelines
- Suctioning can raise intracranial pressure (ICP) in patients with head injuries.
- Endotracheal suctioning should be performed only when secretions are present.
- The closed-suction technique is preferred, allowing continuous mechanical ventilation during suctioning.
- Administering 100% oxygen before and after suctioning helps reduce hypoxemia.
- Monitoring during suctioning should include breath sounds, oxygen saturation, skin color, pulse oximeter readings, respiratory rates, hemodynamic parameters, and sputum characteristics.
- Normal saline instillation before suctioning is not recommended.
- Closed suction is advised for adults on high FIO2, PEEP, or neonates at risk for lung derecruitment.
Vaccination Protocol
- Vaccines must be stored in a refrigerator at +2 to +8 °C, avoiding the freezer.
- Once reconstituted, vaccines should be refrigerated and used within 8 hours.
- Injection sites for adults are the deltoids, while infants receive injections in the anterolateral thigh.
- The gluteal area is not recommended for injections due to unpredictable absorption.
- Recommended schedules include Day 0, Day 7, and Day 21 for vaccine administration.
Central Venous Catheter Care
- Intrajugular or central line access is for temporary or emergency dialysis.
- Daily inspection of access sites should occur for signs of infection, bleeding, or hematoma.
- Each line and its corresponding medication should be clearly labeled.
- Complications of central catheters include infections, blood clots, pneumothorax, air embolism, and compatibility issues with medications.
Arteriovenous Fistula (AVF) and Graft Management
- Daily inspection of AVF sites is crucial for detecting complications like excessive bleeding, hematoma, and signs of infection.
- Blood flow should be assessed by checking pulses, color, and temperature of the limb.
- A mature AV fistula can be used between 2 weeks to 4 months post-insertion.
- Common complications include clotting, aneurysms, and infection.
- Avoid blood pressure measurements or blood tests near the graft.
Poison Management
- Poisons are substances causing injury through ingestion, inhalation, absorption, or contact.
- Alkaline poisons include drain cleaners and bleach, while acid poisons include toilet bowl cleaners and rust removers.
- Goals in poison management are to remove/inactivate the poison, provide supportive care, neutralize the poison, and expedite elimination.
- Clinical manifestations of poisoning can include burning pain, difficulty swallowing, drooling, vomiting, and altered levels of consciousness.
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