Subtitle Production Responsibilities

Different source texts (STs) require different strategic priorities for translation. Translators must consider the purpose of both the ST and the target text (TT).
Genre is a fundamental concept in translation. Genre is a type of communicative event within a culture, categorized according to its communicative purpose and effect.
Text type is similar to genre in meaning meaning type or kind
Most texts belong to one or more genres.
A translator must understand the genre types of the source culture (SL) and the target culture (TL).
Understanding the nature and purpose of the source text (ST) must equate with the nature and purpose of the target text (TT) to ensure a faithful translation.

Subject matter is not the best criterion for classifying texts into genres. Rather how authors use subject matter is more appropriate.
Authors utilize attitude, implied or explicit, to deal with the subject matter.
Authors will use the likelihood of their text achieving a particular effect on the readers.
There are five broad categories of genre based on Western principles.
- Literary genre contains texts originating in a world created autonomously from the physical world.
- Religious genre texts express a spiritually real world.
- Philosophical genre deals with ideas and concepts
- Empirical genre based on texts describing observable and repeatable phenomena, including scientific texts
- Example genres use are poetry, fiction, and drama

Oral texts differ from written text due to communication media and audience characteristics.
Oral texts are fleeting and unrepeatable events.
Oral texts are often accompanied by visual cues such as gestures and facial expressions.
Oral texts use language elements for meaning-making different from those in written texts, to avoid information overload, excessive speed, and other complicated linguistic choices.

Translation has become a global business.
Globalization and the internet have increased demand for translation.
Time-to-market is very important in translation, so translation is often a team effort.
- Project Manager
- Terminologist
- Translator
- Reviser
- DTP specialist
- Software engineer
Technology is crucial to enabling translation between different parts of the world.
- Internet
- Semantic Web

Internationalization helps design documents and software to accommodate different cultures and languages.
Localization involves adapting a product to the linguistic and cultural requirements of a specific locale or region.
Translation is the general preferred concept for non-technology related activities, whereas "Localization" is often used in the context of software.

A translation memory (TM) is a database that stores previously translated text segments.
TM tools store source and target language segments, aiding consistent use of terminology and translation memory data (TMD), and preventing unnecessary repetition in translations.

Authoring tools are tools used in translation processes to ensure linguistic quality early in documents and to ensure quality in translators' workflows.
Translation memories, text segments, and linguistic tools ensure accurate and consistent translation.

Machine translation refers to translation performed automatically by computer software.
Machine translation is appropriate for various texts and situations where speed or access to human translators is limited.
Machine tools can be used in conjunction with translation memories to increase efficiency and speed

The most common use of MT is for assimilation of information in certain situations.
MT is helpful in cases such as financial market bulletins where the delay for human translations is inappropriate.
MT is useful for large amounts of information, like patent content, where cost and speed are important.
MT will not replace human translators entirely, however, because the demand for translation is high.

An audiovisual translation is a type of media translation, usually involving the transfer of visual information between languages.
- Dubbing involves replacing the original sound with the translated sound.
- Subtitling is when translated text is shown visually on-screen.
There is a significant difference between those translations because viewers must have to balance text and audio at the same time to follow the information, either in writing or in speech.
Subtitling requires shorter text to accommodate its time-constrained nature.
The subtitling process requires removing unnecessary details, expressing the meaning more directly, and simplifying the syntax.

Interpreting involves the effective transfer of information between people from different cultural and linguistic backgrounds.
Interpreters must manage cognitive demands for accuracy and speed and must utilize strategies to aid memory and comprehension.

Effective training includes consecutive, simultaneous, sight translation methods, and other aspects of interpreting in specific contexts.
A thorough understanding of translation ethics and professional roles is crucial for ethical translation practice
There are multiple roles in community interpreting, such as message conversion, clarification, cultural mediation, and advocacy, depending on the situation.
The role of an interpreter is not purely about translation but also about bridging cultural differences.
Technology plays an extremely important role in modern interpreting since its use can change dramatically the way many people work and interact.

Ergonomics considers the interaction between humans and their work environment.
Ergonomics is relevant to translation due to the impact of factors such as technology, workflows and environment on translators' performance and well-being.
Ergonomics can help determine how to design tools, workplaces, and workflows that are most effective.
Design of translation technologies, workflows, and workplaces should promote efficiency and well-being of the translators.
Translators' workflow should consider factors like tight deadlines, technology used, organizational pressures, and comfortable environments to enhance consistency and productivity.