Podcast
Questions and Answers
Which of the following is NOT a symptom of benzodiazepine withdrawal?
Which of the following is NOT a symptom of benzodiazepine withdrawal?
- Autonomic hyperactivity
- Insomnia
- Hand tremor
- Hallucinations (correct)
What is the primary treatment approach for barbiturate overdose?
What is the primary treatment approach for barbiturate overdose?
- Observation and supportive care
- Administering an antidote
- Administering a stimulant
- Gastric lavage and dialysis (correct)
Which of the following is a key slogan associated with the 12-step program?
Which of the following is a key slogan associated with the 12-step program?
- One day at a time
- Easy does it
- Let go and let God
- All of the above (correct)
What is the main objective of tapering a benzodiazepine dosage?
What is the main objective of tapering a benzodiazepine dosage?
What is the relationship between the half-life of a drug and the onset of withdrawal symptoms?
What is the relationship between the half-life of a drug and the onset of withdrawal symptoms?
Why is N., the patient in the clinical vignette, experiencing withdrawal symptoms?
Why is N., the patient in the clinical vignette, experiencing withdrawal symptoms?
Why was N. not diagnosed with alcohol dependence before his surgery?
Why was N. not diagnosed with alcohol dependence before his surgery?
What approach does Alcoholics Anonymous (AA) advocate for recovery from alcohol addiction?
What approach does Alcoholics Anonymous (AA) advocate for recovery from alcohol addiction?
What is a key difference between 'open' and 'closed' AA meetings?
What is a key difference between 'open' and 'closed' AA meetings?
Which characteristic of the 12-step program may be a deterrent for some individuals?
Which characteristic of the 12-step program may be a deterrent for some individuals?
What is the primary goal of group experiences in substance use treatment programs?
What is the primary goal of group experiences in substance use treatment programs?
Why is it important to understand that addiction is a medical illness?
Why is it important to understand that addiction is a medical illness?
What is a major challenge faced by traditional treatment programs and AA?
What is a major challenge faced by traditional treatment programs and AA?
What was the prevalent view of substance use before the concept of addiction as a medical illness was fully embraced?
What was the prevalent view of substance use before the concept of addiction as a medical illness was fully embraced?
What approach to treating substance use is based on the Hazelden Clinic model?
What approach to treating substance use is based on the Hazelden Clinic model?
What is a significant challenge faced in treating substance use?
What is a significant challenge faced in treating substance use?
What is a possible reason a nurse might hesitate to report a colleague's suspected substance abuse?
What is a possible reason a nurse might hesitate to report a colleague's suspected substance abuse?
Which of the following is NOT a general warning sign of substance abuse?
Which of the following is NOT a general warning sign of substance abuse?
What is the ethical responsibility of a nurse who suspects a colleague of substance abuse?
What is the ethical responsibility of a nurse who suspects a colleague of substance abuse?
Which of the following is a specific behavior that might indicate substance abuse by a nurse?
Which of the following is a specific behavior that might indicate substance abuse by a nurse?
What is the main reason that substance abuse by health professionals is a serious issue?
What is the main reason that substance abuse by health professionals is a serious issue?
What is the best course of action when a nurse suspects a colleague is abusing substances?
What is the best course of action when a nurse suspects a colleague is abusing substances?
What is the importance of self-awareness for nurses working with clients who have substance abuse problems?
What is the importance of self-awareness for nurses working with clients who have substance abuse problems?
What is the author's stance on the effectiveness of treatment programs for alcohol and substance use disorders?
What is the author's stance on the effectiveness of treatment programs for alcohol and substance use disorders?
Which of the following is NOT a sign of a nurse's self-awareness problems when working with clients with substance abuse problems?
Which of the following is NOT a sign of a nurse's self-awareness problems when working with clients with substance abuse problems?
Why does the author emphasize that substance abuse is a chronic, recurring disease?
Why does the author emphasize that substance abuse is a chronic, recurring disease?
What does the author suggest is the first step toward managing one's own beliefs and attitudes about substance abuse?
What does the author suggest is the first step toward managing one's own beliefs and attitudes about substance abuse?
What is the author's primary message regarding ethical considerations for substance abuse in healthcare?
What is the author's primary message regarding ethical considerations for substance abuse in healthcare?
Which of the following is NOT a substance category mentioned in the text?
Which of the following is NOT a substance category mentioned in the text?
What is the definition of withdrawal syndrome as provided in the content?
What is the definition of withdrawal syndrome as provided in the content?
Which substance is reported as the most commonly abused in the United States?
Which substance is reported as the most commonly abused in the United States?
What is the definition of intoxication as provided in the text?
What is the definition of intoxication as provided in the text?
What characterizes the later course of alcoholism?
What characterizes the later course of alcoholism?
What is the range of relapse rates for individuals recovering from substance use?
What is the range of relapse rates for individuals recovering from substance use?
Which factor is associated with better outcomes in recovery from substance use?
Which factor is associated with better outcomes in recovery from substance use?
What does spontaneous remission refer to?
What does spontaneous remission refer to?
Which is NOT considered a characteristic of gambling disorder?
Which is NOT considered a characteristic of gambling disorder?
What may occur as a result of extended substance use?
What may occur as a result of extended substance use?
Which factor contributes to the development of substance-related disorders?
Which factor contributes to the development of substance-related disorders?
Which factor is NOT considered a significant risk factor for alcoholism?
Which factor is NOT considered a significant risk factor for alcoholism?
What is a primary neurochemical influence in substance use patterns?
What is a primary neurochemical influence in substance use patterns?
Which statement about children of alcoholic parents is correct?
Which statement about children of alcoholic parents is correct?
What is an essential nursing action for clients treated for substance abuse?
What is an essential nursing action for clients treated for substance abuse?
What is the focus of recent discussions regarding internet addiction?
What is the focus of recent discussions regarding internet addiction?
Which symptom is characteristic of alcohol withdrawal?
Which symptom is characteristic of alcohol withdrawal?
Which of the following statements about the 12-step philosophy of Alcoholics Anonymous is true?
Which of the following statements about the 12-step philosophy of Alcoholics Anonymous is true?
What is true about substance-induced disorders?
What is true about substance-induced disorders?
What is the primary ethical responsibility of healthcare professionals regarding substance abuse among colleagues?
What is the primary ethical responsibility of healthcare professionals regarding substance abuse among colleagues?
What factor can increase the likelihood of severe outcomes in substance use?
What factor can increase the likelihood of severe outcomes in substance use?
How is the genetic component of alcoholism described?
How is the genetic component of alcoholism described?
Which of the following statements about naltrexone is accurate?
Which of the following statements about naltrexone is accurate?
Which behavior is most indicative of stimulant intoxication?
Which behavior is most indicative of stimulant intoxication?
Which medication is prescribed for managing symptoms of opioid withdrawal?
Which medication is prescribed for managing symptoms of opioid withdrawal?
A client who states, 'I am not an alcoholic' while seeking treatment exhibits which psychological defense mechanism?
A client who states, 'I am not an alcoholic' while seeking treatment exhibits which psychological defense mechanism?
What does a 12-step program primarily emphasize in treating alcoholics?
What does a 12-step program primarily emphasize in treating alcoholics?
What is the term for the lack of conscious awareness of behavior during substance use?
What is the term for the lack of conscious awareness of behavior during substance use?
Which of the following best defines 'codependence' in the context of substance use?
Which of the following best defines 'codependence' in the context of substance use?
What characterizes 'designer drugs'?
What characterizes 'designer drugs'?
What does the process of detoxification aim to achieve?
What does the process of detoxification aim to achieve?
How is 'polysubstance abuse' defined?
How is 'polysubstance abuse' defined?
What is meant by 'tolerance' in substance use?
What is meant by 'tolerance' in substance use?
What phenomenon does 'spontaneous remission' refer to?
What phenomenon does 'spontaneous remission' refer to?
Which group is primarily affected by the consequences of parental substance use disorders?
Which group is primarily affected by the consequences of parental substance use disorders?
Alcohol is associated with which of the following statistics?
Alcohol is associated with which of the following statistics?
What is the most common setting for detoxification in clients with severe withdrawal symptoms?
What is the most common setting for detoxification in clients with severe withdrawal symptoms?
What is 'withdrawal syndrome' associated with?
What is 'withdrawal syndrome' associated with?
Which of the following medications is commonly used to suppress alcohol withdrawal symptoms?
Which of the following medications is commonly used to suppress alcohol withdrawal symptoms?
What behavioral pattern is described by 'enabling' in substance use disorders?
What behavioral pattern is described by 'enabling' in substance use disorders?
What does a score greater than 15 indicate on the Clinical Institute Withdrawal Assessment of Alcohol Scale?
What does a score greater than 15 indicate on the Clinical Institute Withdrawal Assessment of Alcohol Scale?
How long does alcohol withdrawal typically last?
How long does alcohol withdrawal typically last?
What is one significant risk factor for developing substance use disorders?
What is one significant risk factor for developing substance use disorders?
In what case can clients be treated for alcohol withdrawal at home?
In what case can clients be treated for alcohol withdrawal at home?
Which dosing method depends entirely on the client's withdrawal symptom severity?
Which dosing method depends entirely on the client's withdrawal symptom severity?
Which symptom is NOT assessed in the Clinical Institute Withdrawal Assessment for Alcohol?
Which symptom is NOT assessed in the Clinical Institute Withdrawal Assessment for Alcohol?
What is a potential progression of severe or untreated alcohol withdrawal?
What is a potential progression of severe or untreated alcohol withdrawal?
What is the maximum possible score on the Clinical Institute Withdrawal Assessment scale?
What is the maximum possible score on the Clinical Institute Withdrawal Assessment scale?
What typically occurs in alcohol withdrawal symptoms by the second day?
What typically occurs in alcohol withdrawal symptoms by the second day?
Which symptom indicates the highest severity level in tactile disturbances during withdrawal?
Which symptom indicates the highest severity level in tactile disturbances during withdrawal?
What is the primary purpose of using benzodiazepines during detoxification?
What is the primary purpose of using benzodiazepines during detoxification?
What is the name of the scale used to assess alcohol withdrawal severity?
What is the name of the scale used to assess alcohol withdrawal severity?
What is a common outcome for clients who have severe withdrawal symptoms and cannot abstain?
What is a common outcome for clients who have severe withdrawal symptoms and cannot abstain?
What is a key factor in determining the type of treatment setting selected for a client?
What is a key factor in determining the type of treatment setting selected for a client?
What is one expected outcome within 24 to 48 hours for a client in an alcohol treatment program?
What is one expected outcome within 24 to 48 hours for a client in an alcohol treatment program?
During treatment, why should clients not rationalize their drinking issues?
During treatment, why should clients not rationalize their drinking issues?
Which of the following groups is specifically for children of parents with substance problems?
Which of the following groups is specifically for children of parents with substance problems?
What is a common misconception that clients may have about their alcohol use?
What is a common misconception that clients may have about their alcohol use?
For whom is the 'Women for Sobriety' program designed?
For whom is the 'Women for Sobriety' program designed?
What is the first step in treatment for someone needing medically supervised detoxification?
What is the first step in treatment for someone needing medically supervised detoxification?
Which statement is true regarding the role of support groups like Al-Anon?
Which statement is true regarding the role of support groups like Al-Anon?
What behavior is characterized by seeing oneself as different from others in alcohol dependence?
What behavior is characterized by seeing oneself as different from others in alcohol dependence?
What might indicate a need for inpatient treatment for a client?
What might indicate a need for inpatient treatment for a client?
Which method is suggested to address a client's misconceptions about their alcohol use?
Which method is suggested to address a client's misconceptions about their alcohol use?
Why is it important to avoid allowing the client to focus only on external problems?
Why is it important to avoid allowing the client to focus only on external problems?
What is an important consideration when planning discharge for a client in an alcohol treatment program?
What is an important consideration when planning discharge for a client in an alcohol treatment program?
What is the primary purpose of pharmacologic treatment in substance abuse?
What is the primary purpose of pharmacologic treatment in substance abuse?
What is the common first-line medication for managing alcohol withdrawal symptoms?
What is the common first-line medication for managing alcohol withdrawal symptoms?
Which vitamin is often prescribed to prevent or treat Wernicke–Korsakoff syndrome in clients with alcohol use?
Which vitamin is often prescribed to prevent or treat Wernicke–Korsakoff syndrome in clients with alcohol use?
What adverse reaction might occur if a client taking disulfiram consumes alcohol?
What adverse reaction might occur if a client taking disulfiram consumes alcohol?
What factor significantly increases the risk for children of alcoholic parents to develop substance-related disorders?
What factor significantly increases the risk for children of alcoholic parents to develop substance-related disorders?
Which statement about genetic vulnerability in alcoholism is accurate?
Which statement about genetic vulnerability in alcoholism is accurate?
What psychological factor can contribute to the development of alcoholism among children of alcoholics?
What psychological factor can contribute to the development of alcoholism among children of alcoholics?
What is the main goal of positively reinforcing a client during therapy?
What is the main goal of positively reinforcing a client during therapy?
Peer feedback in substance abuse treatment is valued mainly because:
Peer feedback in substance abuse treatment is valued mainly because:
What is a common consequence of increased availability of alcohol?
What is a common consequence of increased availability of alcohol?
What is the consequence of alcohol consumption on muscle tension and nervousness at high doses?
What is the consequence of alcohol consumption on muscle tension and nervousness at high doses?
Which of these substances is typically used when benzodiazepines are ineffective for alcohol withdrawal?
Which of these substances is typically used when benzodiazepines are ineffective for alcohol withdrawal?
What role do social factors play in the development of substance-related disorders?
What role do social factors play in the development of substance-related disorders?
What effect does the ingestion of mood-altering substances have on dopamine pathways?
What effect does the ingestion of mood-altering substances have on dopamine pathways?
What is the primary purpose of tapering sedatives and anxiolytics?
What is the primary purpose of tapering sedatives and anxiolytics?
What does the 12-step model of Alcoholics Anonymous emphasize?
What does the 12-step model of Alcoholics Anonymous emphasize?
What common misconception might individuals have about the nature of addiction?
What common misconception might individuals have about the nature of addiction?
What is often a requirement for individuals in Alcoholics Anonymous to ensure effective participation?
What is often a requirement for individuals in Alcoholics Anonymous to ensure effective participation?
What does the Hazelden model of treatment primarily focus on?
What does the Hazelden model of treatment primarily focus on?
In which scenario is medically supervised detoxification most likely needed?
In which scenario is medically supervised detoxification most likely needed?
What common misconception about treatment programs is noted regarding women's participation?
What common misconception about treatment programs is noted regarding women's participation?
What approach do many treatment programs include alongside the 12-step model?
What approach do many treatment programs include alongside the 12-step model?
What is a defining characteristic of the addiction treatment field prior to the 1970s?
What is a defining characteristic of the addiction treatment field prior to the 1970s?
What role does a sponsor play in Alcoholics Anonymous?
What role does a sponsor play in Alcoholics Anonymous?
What is one of the key slogans used in the 12-step program?
What is one of the key slogans used in the 12-step program?
What change was implemented in AA due to the pandemic?
What change was implemented in AA due to the pandemic?
Which group is primarily focused on the family members of alcoholics?
Which group is primarily focused on the family members of alcoholics?
What is one of the risks associated with abruptly stopping barbiturates?
What is one of the risks associated with abruptly stopping barbiturates?
What is the significance of cannabis being classified as a Schedule 1 drug at the federal level?
What is the significance of cannabis being classified as a Schedule 1 drug at the federal level?
Which of the following is a direct effect of alcohol intoxication?
Which of the following is a direct effect of alcohol intoxication?
What withdrawal symptom typically begins 4 to 12 hours after cessation of alcohol intake?
What withdrawal symptom typically begins 4 to 12 hours after cessation of alcohol intake?
Which treatment method is contraindicated for an alcohol overdose?
Which treatment method is contraindicated for an alcohol overdose?
What factor contributes to high rates of substance use in urban areas?
What factor contributes to high rates of substance use in urban areas?
Which physiological effect is NOT related to long-term alcohol use?
Which physiological effect is NOT related to long-term alcohol use?
How is alcohol withdrawal typically treated?
How is alcohol withdrawal typically treated?
What role do cultural attitudes play in substance use?
What role do cultural attitudes play in substance use?
Which ethnic group commonly experiences flushing in response to alcohol consumption?
Which ethnic group commonly experiences flushing in response to alcohol consumption?
What is a prevalent cause of death among Native Americans and Alaska Natives related to substance use?
What is a prevalent cause of death among Native Americans and Alaska Natives related to substance use?
What does detoxification for alcohol withdrawal generally require?
What does detoxification for alcohol withdrawal generally require?
Alcohol-related deaths are most common in which stage of life?
Alcohol-related deaths are most common in which stage of life?
What is the common withdrawal symptom that may indicate a severe reaction?
What is the common withdrawal symptom that may indicate a severe reaction?
What is the function of the Clinical Institute Withdrawal Assessment of Alcohol Scale?
What is the function of the Clinical Institute Withdrawal Assessment of Alcohol Scale?
Which substance-related behavior is typically observed in individuals with high alcohol consumption?
Which substance-related behavior is typically observed in individuals with high alcohol consumption?
What medication may cause severe adverse reactions if a client drinks alcohol while taking it?
What medication may cause severe adverse reactions if a client drinks alcohol while taking it?
What percentage of college students report negative academic consequences due to drinking?
What percentage of college students report negative academic consequences due to drinking?
Which age group is identified as a significant population for prevention programs related to substance abuse?
Which age group is identified as a significant population for prevention programs related to substance abuse?
What risk factor for late-onset substance abuse in older adults is mentioned?
What risk factor for late-onset substance abuse in older adults is mentioned?
What medication is prescribed for clients recovering from alcohol dependence to help maintain abstinence?
What medication is prescribed for clients recovering from alcohol dependence to help maintain abstinence?
What is a common consequence of alcohol use among college athletes?
What is a common consequence of alcohol use among college athletes?
What substance abuse treatment setting is most commonly used?
What substance abuse treatment setting is most commonly used?
What percentage of older adults in treatment programs may have begun drinking abusively after age 60?
What percentage of older adults in treatment programs may have begun drinking abusively after age 60?
What is a suggested method for primary care settings to help identify older adults with alcoholism?
What is a suggested method for primary care settings to help identify older adults with alcoholism?
Which adverse effects may result from ingested alcohol while on disulfiram?
Which adverse effects may result from ingested alcohol while on disulfiram?
What is a consequence faced by one-tenth of alcohol consumers aged 12 to 20?
What is a consequence faced by one-tenth of alcohol consumers aged 12 to 20?
Which group often experiences high rates of substance dependence due to the ease of obtaining controlled substances?
Which group often experiences high rates of substance dependence due to the ease of obtaining controlled substances?
What is a potential outcome for students involved in excessive alcohol consumption?
What is a potential outcome for students involved in excessive alcohol consumption?
What community strategy may reduce hazardous drinking among older adults?
What community strategy may reduce hazardous drinking among older adults?
What is W's primary reason for entering alcohol treatment?
What is W's primary reason for entering alcohol treatment?
What is one of the immediate expected outcomes for a client in an alcohol treatment program?
What is one of the immediate expected outcomes for a client in an alcohol treatment program?
Which nursing action is emphasized when working with a client like W?
Which nursing action is emphasized when working with a client like W?
What characterizes the denial seen in W's assessment data?
What characterizes the denial seen in W's assessment data?
What might be a suggested treatment setting for a client with limited insurance coverage?
What might be a suggested treatment setting for a client with limited insurance coverage?
What is a potential treatment option for clients wanting to transition back to the community?
What is a potential treatment option for clients wanting to transition back to the community?
What role does peer feedback have in alcohol treatment programs?
What role does peer feedback have in alcohol treatment programs?
What is a recommended approach when educating clients about alcoholism?
What is a recommended approach when educating clients about alcoholism?
What type of medication is often prescribed to prevent Wernicke–Korsakoff syndrome in clients with alcohol problems?
What type of medication is often prescribed to prevent Wernicke–Korsakoff syndrome in clients with alcohol problems?
Which behavior should a client like W ideally acknowledge in the treatment process?
Which behavior should a client like W ideally acknowledge in the treatment process?
Which of the following is a key characteristic of W’s initial mindset about alcohol use?
Which of the following is a key characteristic of W’s initial mindset about alcohol use?
What is a likely emotional state of a client like W when considering treatment?
What is a likely emotional state of a client like W when considering treatment?
Which is an example of a long-term outcome in an alcohol treatment program?
Which is an example of a long-term outcome in an alcohol treatment program?
What score indicates severe withdrawal based on the CIWA-AR scale?
What score indicates severe withdrawal based on the CIWA-AR scale?
Which of the following symptoms is NOT assessed in the CIWA-AR scale?
Which of the following symptoms is NOT assessed in the CIWA-AR scale?
What is the maximum possible score on the CIWA-AR scale?
What is the maximum possible score on the CIWA-AR scale?
What is the typical onset time for withdrawal symptoms with lorazepam?
What is the typical onset time for withdrawal symptoms with lorazepam?
In the context of symptom-triggered dosing, which client would likely receive additional medication based on CIWA-AR scores?
In the context of symptom-triggered dosing, which client would likely receive additional medication based on CIWA-AR scores?
Which withdrawal symptom is associated with benzodiazepine use?
Which withdrawal symptom is associated with benzodiazepine use?
What is the primary difference between symptom-triggered dosing and fixed-dose tapers?
What is the primary difference between symptom-triggered dosing and fixed-dose tapers?
What potential danger exists with barbiturate overdoses?
What potential danger exists with barbiturate overdoses?
What symptom indicates a higher CIWA-AR score related to anxiety?
What symptom indicates a higher CIWA-AR score related to anxiety?
Which class of drugs is typically abused and has effects similar to alcohol?
Which class of drugs is typically abused and has effects similar to alcohol?
What might a score of 3 for tremors indicate?
What might a score of 3 for tremors indicate?
What treatment may be appropriate for severe benzodiazepine withdrawal symptoms?
What treatment may be appropriate for severe benzodiazepine withdrawal symptoms?
Which symptom can only occur rarely in severe benzodiazepine withdrawal?
Which symptom can only occur rarely in severe benzodiazepine withdrawal?
What does a score of 0 in the Nausea and Vomiting category indicate?
What does a score of 0 in the Nausea and Vomiting category indicate?
What is referred to as polysubstance abuse?
What is referred to as polysubstance abuse?
Which of the following substances is classified as a stimulant?
Which of the following substances is classified as a stimulant?
What does the term 'detoxification' refer to in substance use?
What does the term 'detoxification' refer to in substance use?
What role did the Department of Health and Human Services play in addressing the opioid crisis?
What role did the Department of Health and Human Services play in addressing the opioid crisis?
What is the primary concern regarding designer drugs?
What is the primary concern regarding designer drugs?
Which statement best describes the relationship between substance abuse and dependence?
Which statement best describes the relationship between substance abuse and dependence?
What effect does increased opioid overdose have on the United States daily?
What effect does increased opioid overdose have on the United States daily?
Which substance is noted for frequently being adulterated with illicit fentanyl?
Which substance is noted for frequently being adulterated with illicit fentanyl?
What was a significant issue identified by the American Medical Association in 2021?
What was a significant issue identified by the American Medical Association in 2021?
During what age range is the first evidence of alcohol-related problems typically observed?
During what age range is the first evidence of alcohol-related problems typically observed?
Why is the distinction between substance abuse and dependence sometimes considered unnecessary?
Why is the distinction between substance abuse and dependence sometimes considered unnecessary?
What is the average age of initial alcohol intoxication in the United States?
What is the average age of initial alcohol intoxication in the United States?
What is the definition of intoxication in relation to substance use?
What is the definition of intoxication in relation to substance use?
Which of the following is not classified as a hallucinogen?
Which of the following is not classified as a hallucinogen?
What is a potential consequence of high doses of alcohol?
What is a potential consequence of high doses of alcohol?
Which of the following is NOT a physiological effect of long-term alcohol use?
Which of the following is NOT a physiological effect of long-term alcohol use?
What is the primary reason for the increased alcohol consumption in areas with higher availability?
What is the primary reason for the increased alcohol consumption in areas with higher availability?
Which of the following is NOT a typical symptom of alcohol withdrawal?
Which of the following is NOT a typical symptom of alcohol withdrawal?
Why is the administration of central nervous system stimulants contraindicated in treating an alcohol overdose?
Why is the administration of central nervous system stimulants contraindicated in treating an alcohol overdose?
Which of the following is the most common cause of death among Native Americans and Alaska Natives?
Which of the following is the most common cause of death among Native Americans and Alaska Natives?
Which of the following is NOT a reason why children of alcoholics are more likely to develop alcoholism?
Which of the following is NOT a reason why children of alcoholics are more likely to develop alcoholism?
Which age group typically uses substances with less social disapproval?
Which age group typically uses substances with less social disapproval?
What is the flushing reaction associated with alcohol consumption linked to?
What is the flushing reaction associated with alcohol consumption linked to?
Which of the following is a cultural factor that influences substance use?
Which of the following is a cultural factor that influences substance use?
Which of the following substances is used in religious ceremonies by some Native American tribes?
Which of the following substances is used in religious ceremonies by some Native American tribes?
Which of the following is NOT a reason why environmental factors contribute to substance use?
Which of the following is NOT a reason why environmental factors contribute to substance use?
What is the most common sign of alcohol intoxication?
What is the most common sign of alcohol intoxication?
Why is aspirin contraindicated during an alcohol overdose?
Why is aspirin contraindicated during an alcohol overdose?
Which of the following is a potential long-term effect of alcohol use?
Which of the following is a potential long-term effect of alcohol use?
Flashcards
Opioid Crisis
Opioid Crisis
A public health issue in the U.S. due to opioid overdoses.
Overdose Death Rate
Overdose Death Rate
Estimated 130 daily deaths in the U.S. from opioid overdoses.
Five-Point Program
Five-Point Program
2019 HHS initiative to combat the opioid crisis.
Polysubstance Abuse
Polysubstance Abuse
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Designer Drugs
Designer Drugs
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Intoxication
Intoxication
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Withdrawal Syndrome
Withdrawal Syndrome
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Detoxification
Detoxification
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Substance Abuse
Substance Abuse
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Substance Dependence
Substance Dependence
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Fentanyl
Fentanyl
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Alcohol Use Patterns
Alcohol Use Patterns
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Tolerance Break
Tolerance Break
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Blackout
Blackout
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Clinical Course of Alcoholism
Clinical Course of Alcoholism
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12-step program
12-step program
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codependence
codependence
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controlled substances
controlled substances
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denial
denial
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dual diagnosis
dual diagnosis
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enabling
enabling
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hallucinogens
hallucinogens
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tolerance
tolerance
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spontaneous remission
spontaneous remission
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Gastric Lavage
Gastric Lavage
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Activated Charcoal
Activated Charcoal
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Saline Cathartic
Saline Cathartic
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Dialysis
Dialysis
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Withdrawal Symptoms
Withdrawal Symptoms
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Half-life
Half-life
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Benzodiazepine Tapering
Benzodiazepine Tapering
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Autonomic Hyperactivity
Autonomic Hyperactivity
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Alcoholics Anonymous (AA)
Alcoholics Anonymous (AA)
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Sponsor in AA
Sponsor in AA
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Educational Meetings
Educational Meetings
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Closed vs Open Meetings
Closed vs Open Meetings
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Hazelden Treatment Model
Hazelden Treatment Model
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Cognitive Techniques
Cognitive Techniques
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Abstinence in Alcoholism
Abstinence in Alcoholism
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Temporarily Controlled Drinking
Temporarily Controlled Drinking
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Relapse Rate
Relapse Rate
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Risk Factors for Poor Outcomes
Risk Factors for Poor Outcomes
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Substance-induced Anxiety
Substance-induced Anxiety
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Substance-induced Psychosis
Substance-induced Psychosis
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Genetic Vulnerability in Alcoholism
Genetic Vulnerability in Alcoholism
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Dopamine and Substance Use
Dopamine and Substance Use
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Twin Studies and Alcoholism
Twin Studies and Alcoholism
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Environmental Factors in Addiction
Environmental Factors in Addiction
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Mental Health Disorders and Addiction
Mental Health Disorders and Addiction
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Crisis Response in Recovery
Crisis Response in Recovery
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Addiction and the Internet
Addiction and the Internet
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IV Drug Use Risks
IV Drug Use Risks
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Women for Sobriety
Women for Sobriety
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Rainbow Recovery
Rainbow Recovery
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AA groups
AA groups
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Virtual meetings
Virtual meetings
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Narcotics Anonymous
Narcotics Anonymous
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Al-Anon
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Genetic Links to Alcoholism
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Alcohol as a CNS Depressant
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Mild Withdrawal Score
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Older Adults and Alcohol Abuse
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Study Notes
Addiction Key Terms
- 12-step program: A recovery philosophy emphasizing total abstinence and peer support.
- Blackout: A period of impaired consciousness during substance use, with no memory of actions. Usually associated with alcohol.
- Codependency: A maladaptive pattern in relationships with substance users, often perpetuating the addiction.
- Controlled substances: Drugs regulated under the Controlled Substances Act, including opioids, stimulants, benzodiazepines, and more.
- Denial: A defense mechanism where individuals deny or minimize substance use problems.
- Designer drugs (club drugs): Synthetic substances made by altering existing drugs, often with amphetamine-like and/or hallucinogenic effects.
- Detoxification: The process of safely withdrawing from a substance under medical supervision.
- Dual diagnosis: Co-occurrence of a substance use disorder and another psychiatric illness.
- Enabling: Behaviors that unintentionally support substance use, hindering recovery.
- Flushing: A reddening of the face and neck due to increased blood flow, sometimes associated with alcohol use in certain ethnicities.
- Hallucinogens: Substances distorting reality, causing hallucinations and depersonalization.
- Inhalants: A diverse group of inhaled substances, including anesthetics, nitrates, and solvents, misused for their effects.
- Intoxication: Maladaptive behavior resulting from substance use.
- Opioids: Controlled substances often abused for euphoria and pain relief. Some are prescribed, others are illegal.
- Polysubstance abuse: Using multiple substances.
- Spontaneous remission: Natural recovery from a substance use disorder without formal treatment.
- Stimulants: Substances increasing activity and alertness.
- Tapering: Gradually decreasing medication doses to discontinue use safely.
- Tolerance: Needing increasing amounts of a substance to achieve the same effect.
- Tolerance break: A state where very small amounts of a substance cause intoxication.
- Withdrawal syndrome: Negative physical and psychological reactions when substance use stops.
Substance Abuse Trends
- Alcohol use disorder: Affects millions of American adults and adolescents, contributing to deaths, accidents, absenteeism, and healthcare costs. Global alcohol use is a significant health burden.
- Opioid crisis: A significant problem in the US, driven by overprescription, heroin use, and illicit synthetic opioids like fentanyl. The COVID-19 pandemic exacerbated the crisis.
Substance Abuse Types & Legal Issues
- Drug Categories: Alcohol, sedatives/hypnotics/anxiolytics, stimulants, cannabis, opioids, hallucinogens, inhalants.
- Polysubstance abuse: Using multiple substances concurrently.
- Legal consequences: Substance abuse can lead to legal problems.
Substance Abuse Onset and Course
- Average age of initial alcohol intoxication: Adolescence in the US
- Early onset: Often begins before age 15, with increasing difficulties later.
- Blackouts: Occur with continued heavy drinking.
- Tolerance and tolerance breaks: A common course of substance use.
- Cycles of relapse and remission: Typical nature of chronic substance use.
- Factors influencing poor outcomes: Earlier age at onset, prolonged use, co-occurring psychiatric disorders.
- Increased risks with long-term use: Mental/physical deterioration and infectious disease possibility (especially for intravenous drug users).
- Increased suicide risk: Observed in alcohol-dependent individuals.
- Spontaneous remission: Natural recovery without treatment; often following a crisis or promise to a loved one.
Related Disorders
- Gambling disorder: A non-substance-related disorder with similar characteristics to substance abuse.
- Caffeine and nicotine addiction: Diagnosed under the DSM-5 but not commonly considered mental disorders.
- Internet addiction: A topic of discussion but requiring further study.
- Substance-induced mental illnesses: Anxiety, psychosis, or mood disorders triggered by substance use.
Etiology of Substance Use Disorders
- Biological factors: Genetic vulnerability; studies involving twins and adoption support this factor.
- Neurochemical influences: Substances stimulate dopamine, reinforcing further use.
- Psychological factors: Inconsistent parenting, lack of nurturing, and lack of adaptive coping skills can be linked to addiction.
- Social and environmental factors: Cultural attitudes, peer pressure, cost, availability, and laws affect substance use.
- Increased risk for children of alcoholics: Associated with familial environmental features and genetic factors
Cultural Considerations
- Cultural variations: Varying attitudes, usage patterns, and bodily responses to substances exist.
- Harmful effects: Alcohol use and accidents (MVAs) are significant issues in some cultures.
Types of Substances and Treatment Overview
- Alcohol: Central nervous system depressant, rapid absorption; intoxication symptoms (slurred speech, impaired coordination), overdose can cause respiratory failure, withdrawal can include delirium tremens. Treatment may involve medically supervised detoxification and tapering or symptom-triggered administrations of benzodiazepines.
- Sedatives/Hypnotics/Anxiolytics: Similar effects to that of alcohol; withdrawal may also be life-threatening, and detoxification needs strict medical supervision and tapering of dosage.
Treatment and Prognosis
- Medical illness: Addiction as a chronic medical illness; relapse is common.
- 12-step programs: AA, Narcotics Anonymous; emphasize abstinence and peer support; widely used in treatment.
- Other support groups: Al-Anon, AlaTeen, recovery groups for other addictions.
- Treatment settings: Emergency departments, outpatient clinics, hospitals, specialized units, clinics, rehab centers, residential programs
Nursing Actions in Substance Abuse Situations
- Providing information on substance use: Dispel myths, and promote accurate knowledge for individual and family understanding.
- Addressing denial and self-blame: Facilitate responsibility acknowledgment in relation to the substance use problem.
- Supporting coping mechanisms: Develop positive alternatives in relation to life stressors that don't involve substance use.
- Encouraging support from others: Encourage mutual support among individuals involved.
Age-Related Considerations
- Teen alcohol use: Widespread underage drinking; early onset drinking is common as a child.
- College students Report high rates of binge drinking and associated negative consequences; prevention programs exist at colleges to target students.
- Late-onset substance use: Observed among older adults due to circumstances including chronic illnesses, medication, stress and grief; screening tools can promote early identification and brief interventions.
Community-Based Care
- Outpatient treatment: Wide range of settings.
- Support groups (such as AA): Crucial for maintenance of abstinence; support from peers, and shared experiences are useful in recovery.
- Aftercare programs: Designed to maintain abstinence; continuation of education and support.
- Nursing involvement in community settings: Encounters and collaboration with recovering clients in clinics or health providers' offices.
Health Promotion
- Public awareness and education Not significantly impacting substance abuse rates.
- Prevention programs: For older adults and college-aged students, incorporating screening tools and brief interventions helps early identification and treatment of substance abuse problems.
Substance Use by Health Professionals
- Increased risk: Compared to other occupations, health professionals have higher rates of addiction, especially for controlled substances.
- Reporting colleagues A crucial ethical (and potentially legal) duty of healthcare professionals to report suspicious use and poor performance in peers (for nursing, this might involve the nurse practice act).
Self-Awareness
- Nursing attitudes: Acknowledge personal biases and histories of substance use that could influence care.
- Empathy for patients: Avoid judgment, maintain empathy and objectiveness when caring for substance use patients.
Critical Thinking Questions and Examples
- Scenario: Nurse confronting another: Prioritize intervening with the substance abuser to ensure safety for the client and the nurse.
- Scenario: England's substance use methods: The example of England's drug use treatment program raises ethical and practical questions for application in the US.
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