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Questions and Answers
What is a common characteristic of depressants in low doses?
What is a common characteristic of depressants in low doses?
Which of the following substances is classified as both a stimulant and a depressant?
Which of the following substances is classified as both a stimulant and a depressant?
Which class of drugs is primarily responsible for causing altered perceptions and hallucinations?
Which class of drugs is primarily responsible for causing altered perceptions and hallucinations?
What percentage of individuals with substance dependence have at least one co-occurring psychiatric disorder?
What percentage of individuals with substance dependence have at least one co-occurring psychiatric disorder?
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What is a common self-medication effect observed in individuals with psychiatric disorders?
What is a common self-medication effect observed in individuals with psychiatric disorders?
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In heavy doses, what can depressants induce?
In heavy doses, what can depressants induce?
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Which factor can complicate the classification of drugs into categories such as stimulants and depressants?
Which factor can complicate the classification of drugs into categories such as stimulants and depressants?
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What is a notable effect of alcohol as a GABA agonist?
What is a notable effect of alcohol as a GABA agonist?
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What is a common consequence of chronic alcohol ingestion on nutrient absorption?
What is a common consequence of chronic alcohol ingestion on nutrient absorption?
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Which disorder is associated with chronic thiamine deficiency due to heavy alcohol use?
Which disorder is associated with chronic thiamine deficiency due to heavy alcohol use?
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What can heavy alcohol use during adolescence lead to?
What can heavy alcohol use during adolescence lead to?
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What physiological risk is associated with heavy drinking during pregnancy?
What physiological risk is associated with heavy drinking during pregnancy?
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What is one reason benzodiazepines and barbiturates are often abused?
What is one reason benzodiazepines and barbiturates are often abused?
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What classification does DSM-5 assign to problematic misuse of sedatives and tranquilizers?
What classification does DSM-5 assign to problematic misuse of sedatives and tranquilizers?
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What is a potential danger of benzodiazepine and barbiturate overdose?
What is a potential danger of benzodiazepine and barbiturate overdose?
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What effect do stimulants have on appetite?
What effect do stimulants have on appetite?
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What causes symptoms of substance intoxication to decline?
What causes symptoms of substance intoxication to decline?
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Which statement about substance intoxication is true?
Which statement about substance intoxication is true?
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What is the DSM-5 diagnostic criterion for substance use disorder regarding severity?
What is the DSM-5 diagnostic criterion for substance use disorder regarding severity?
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Which of the following best defines substance withdrawal?
Which of the following best defines substance withdrawal?
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When may a diagnosis of substance intoxication be given?
When may a diagnosis of substance intoxication be given?
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Which factor influences the intoxication symptoms a person experiences?
Which factor influences the intoxication symptoms a person experiences?
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What is the minimum requirement for diagnosing substance use disorder according to DSM-5 criteria?
What is the minimum requirement for diagnosing substance use disorder according to DSM-5 criteria?
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Which type of symptoms are typical of substance withdrawal compared to intoxication?
Which type of symptoms are typical of substance withdrawal compared to intoxication?
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Study Notes
Substance Use Disorders
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Substance intoxication is a state of behavioral and psychological changes resulting from the body's physiological response to a substance.
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Intoxication subsides as the substance level decreases, but symptoms may linger for hours or days.
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Specific symptoms depend on the substance, amount, timing, user tolerance, and context. Acute and chronic intoxication symptoms differ.
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Diagnosis requires maladaptive behavior disrupting daily functioning, such as relationship problems, job issues or risk of accidents.
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Substance intoxication can occur in those with or without a substance use disorder.
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Substance withdrawal is a collection of behavioral and physiological symptoms arising from ceasing heavy substance use.
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Symptoms counter the effects of intoxication, demanding distress and impairment of daily life.
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Substance use disorder is characterized by repeated difficulty resisting substance use.
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DSM-5 criteria group difficulties into impaired control, use despite negative consequences, risky use, and tolerance/withdrawals.
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Diagnosis requires at least two symptoms over a year.
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Severity is rated as mild (2-3 criteria), moderate (4-5 criteria), or severe (6+ criteria).
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"Addiction" is synonymous with severe substance use disorder in DSM-5.
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Ten substance categories exist in DSM-5: alcohol, caffeine, cannabis, hallucinogens, inhalants, opioids, sedatives/hypnotics/anxiolytics, stimulants, tobacco, and other/unknown substances.
Criteria for Substance Use Disorder
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Impaired Control: Increasing use amounts or duration, craving, attempts to reduce or control use, significant time spent on substance use/recovery.
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Social Impairment: Inability to meet responsibilities at home, work, or school. Key activities are reduced or abandoned due to substance use. Substance use despite existing social or relationship issues.
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Risky Use: Using substances in hazardous settings (driving, operating machinery) despite awareness of harm. Continued use despite obvious physical or psychological problems worsened by substance use.
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Pharmacological: Tolerance (increased amounts/diminished effect) or withdrawal (characteristic syndrome/use to relieve symptoms).
Comorbidity
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Substance use disorders frequently co-occur with other psychological disorders.
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53-76% of those with substance dependence have other concurrent psychiatric disorders.
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Bipolar disorder, major depression, anxiety, schizophrenia, bulimia, and personality disorders frequently co-occur with substance use disorders at higher rates than in the general population.
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Psychiatric disorders generally predate substance abuse/dependence, possibly due to self-medication.
Classes of Drugs
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Depressants: Lower doses produce relaxation, impaired motor/cognitive skills, and reduced concentration; higher doses lead to stupor or death.
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Stimulants: Increase central nervous system activity, leading to feelings of increased energy, euphoria, reduced sleep/appetite, and heightened awareness. Cocaine and amphetamines are associated with more severe disorders. Nicotine and caffeine also fall under this category.
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Hallucinogens: In small doses, they result in perceptual changes; larger doses can cause anxiety, fear, paranoia, and emotional dysregulation. Examples include LSD, and PCP.
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Opioids: Naturally derived or synthetic compounds with pain-relieving properties. They are also known to result in Euphoria or intense feeling of warmth and tingling in the abdomem. Examples include morphine, heroin, and codeine.
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Cannabis: Mild stimulant and psychoactive effects influence cannabinoid receptors affecting memory and motor functions.
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Description
Explore the complexities of substance use disorders, including intoxication and withdrawal symptoms. This quiz delves into the behavioral and psychological changes associated with various substances and the impact on daily functioning. Understand the DSM-5 criteria that define these disorders.
