Substance Use Disorders and Occupational Therapy
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Questions and Answers

Which of the following factors can increase the risk of opioid use disorders?

  • Past history of substance use disorders
  • Having a strong support system
  • Anxiety or depression (correct)
  • Engagement in physical activity

What is a common characteristic of opioid withdrawal symptoms?

  • Increased respiratory rate
  • Severe withdrawal symptoms (correct)
  • Mild cravings
  • Euphoria

How should occupational therapy support clients with substance use disorders?

  • Ignore the assessment of daily occupations
  • Discourage engagement in 12-step programs
  • Evaluate their willingness to change and set short-term goals (correct)
  • Focus solely on encouraging physical activity

Which of the following best describes Cluster B personality disorders?

<p>Display flamboyant or dramatic behavior (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a primary focus of occupational therapy for individuals with substance use disorders?

<p>Build self-esteem and replace unhealthy activities (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of delayed ejaculation?

<p>Absence of ejaculation on most occasions (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which factor can contribute to genito-pelvic pain/penetration disorder?

<p>Abdominal abnormalities (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common psychological source of genito-pelvic pain/penetration disorder?

<p>Anxiety (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main focus of occupational therapy intervention for gender dysphoria?

<p>Self-esteem and self-concept (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one possible consequence of chronic constipation during infancy?

<p>Development of bowel difficulties (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which treatment method may be helpful for some cases of genito-pelvic pain/penetration disorder?

<p>Estrogen replacement therapy (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What implication does occupational therapy have for individuals with toileting issues?

<p>Addressing self-esteem issues (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which is NOT a factor implicated in difficulties with toileting?

<p>Healthy diet (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes somatic symptom disorder?

<p>Patients have unexplained bodily symptoms (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which disorder is associated with neurological symptoms without evidence of actual neurological impairment?

<p>Conversion disorder (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common comorbidity with somatic symptom disorder?

<p>Anxiety disorders (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a significant indicator of PICA in adults?

<p>Eating nonfood items due to pregnancy or iron deficiency (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why might children with somatic symptom disorders show better outcomes?

<p>Effective treatment for anxiety can improve outcomes (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a primary treatment strategy for conversion disorder?

<p>Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a critical characteristic of anorexia nervosa?

<p>Distorted body image with intense fear of weight gain (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is often a key factor in the occupational therapy intervention for PICA?

<p>Addressing sensory issues and modifying the environment (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic behavior often associated with borderline personality disorder?

<p>Intense interpersonal relationships with idealization and devaluation (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which factor is NOT typically associated with the development of personality disorders?

<p>Consistent daily routines (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which treatment method has shown to be most effective for borderline personality disorder?

<p>Behavioral and psychoeducational treatments (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What best describes a symptom of major neurocognitive disorder?

<p>Significant cognitive decline impacting independence in daily activities (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which cognitive domains are affected in major and mild neurocognitive disorders?

<p>Complex attention and executive function (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a distinguishing characteristic of vascular neurocognitive disease?

<p>Cerebrovascular accidents (CVA) (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a recommended strategy to improve sleep hygiene?

<p>Exposure to sunlight in the morning (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How is mild neurocognitive disorder defined in relation to daily activities?

<p>Independence in basic activities and possible impairment in instrumental activities (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common misconception about Alzheimer's disease?

<p>It has definitive lab tests for diagnosis (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a critical sign of schizophrenia?

<p>Hallucinations or delusions for more than one month (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a consideration when recommending medications to older adults for sleep difficulties?

<p>They have increased sensitivity to medications (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which symptom would NOT be used to differentiate a diagnosis of schizoaffective disorder?

<p>Mood episodes lasting less than two weeks (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the context of childhood narcolepsy, which aspect is essential for effective education?

<p>Educating parents about childhood factors (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following approaches is associated with improving sleep quality?

<p>Daily exercise routine (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of managing CPAP for certain patients?

<p>CPAP helps reduce fatigue and improve sleep quality (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What commonly presents between active symptom episodes in schizophrenia?

<p>Prodromal and residual symptoms (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common early sign of Alzheimer's Disease?

<p>Confusion about everyday activities (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary characteristic of Huntington's Disease?

<p>Genetic inheritance with a 50% chance (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of functional consequence is often observed in individuals with Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI)?

<p>Deficits depend on injury location and severity (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is true regarding Parkinson's Disease?

<p>Deep brain stimulation may help improve symptoms (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a key difference in symptom presentation between mild NCD and more advanced NCD?

<p>Mild NCD does not include loss of ADL performance (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement best describes the treatment approach for Alzheimer's Disease?

<p>Interventions aim to manage symptoms and support function (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What mental changes are commonly associated with Huntington’s Disease?

<p>Irritability and mood swings (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes comorbidity in neurocognitive disorders (NCD)?

<p>NCD can exist alongside multiple other conditions (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Somatic Symptom Disorder

A mental health disorder characterized by persistent physical symptoms that cannot be explained by medical testing.

Conversion Disorder

A neurological disorder marked by physical symptoms suggesting a neurological problem, but without an identified neurological basis.

Pica

Involves eating non-food items like dirt, hair, or cloth - not due to cultural or social norms.

Anorexia Nervosa

Characterized by extreme calorie restriction, intense fear of gaining weight, disturbed body image, and a denial of the seriousness of low body weight.

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Anxiety

A key diagnostic criterion in Somatic Symptom Disorder.

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Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT)

A common treatment approach for Somatic Symptom Disorder and Conversion Disorder, focusing on changing thought patterns and behaviors.

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Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS)

A non-invasive brain stimulation technique used to treat neurological conditions like depression and anxiety and sometimes somatic symptom disorders.

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Anxiety

In children, Somatic Symptom Disorders are often linked to this.

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Enuresis

A condition where an individual experiences involuntary urination, occurring at least once a month for three consecutive months, in inappropriate places and in individuals aged 4 years or older.

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Encopresis

A condition where an individual experiences involuntary defecation, occurring at least once a month for three consecutive months, in inappropriate places and in individuals aged 4 years or older.

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Delayed Ejaculation

A sexual dysfunction characterized by a significant delay in or absence of ejaculation during intercourse, persisting for at least 6 months, causing distress.

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Genito-pelvic Pain/Penetration Disorder

A sexual dysfunction characterized by difficulty with vaginal penetration during sex, accompanied by pain and fear of pain, persisting for at least 6 months and causing distress.

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Gender Dysphoria

A psychological condition where an individual experiences significant distress and discomfort due to a mismatch between their assigned gender at birth and their experienced gender identity.

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Gender Identity

The culturally constructed understanding of one's gender, encompassing behavioral expectations, social roles, and personal identity.

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Occupational Therapy for Gender Dysphoria

The focus of occupational therapy intervention for gender dysphoria is to support self-esteem and self-concept.

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Gender Role

The cultural and societal beliefs and expectations associated with one's gender.

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Opioid Use: Starting Point

Opioid use often begins with prescribed pain medication, but can become chronic and lead to dependence.

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Mental Health & Opioid Use

People with anxiety or depression are at higher risk of developing opioid use disorder.

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OT's Role: Substance Use

Occupational therapy helps individuals with substance use disorder develop healthy habits and meaningful activities to replace substance use.

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Personality Disorder Clusters

Personality disorders are grouped into three clusters based on shared traits: odd or peculiar behavior (Cluster A), flamboyant or dramatic behavior (Cluster B), and anxiety or fear (Cluster C).

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Borderline Personality Disorder

People with borderline personality disorder experience instability in relationships, self-image, and emotions.

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Idealization and Devaluation

A key aspect of BPD, involving intense fluctuations in how someone views another person, going from idolization to devaluation.

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Impulsivity

A common symptom in BPD, encompassing impulsive actions, behaviors, and rash decisions.

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Poor Anger Control in BPD

Problems with managing anger, often leading to outbursts, aggression, or destructive behaviors.

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Impaired Functioning in BPD

The impact of BPD on daily life - difficulties in self-care, work, social activities, and leisure pursuits.

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Treatment for BPD

Treatments for BPD, including psychotherapy, medication, and mindfulness practices.

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Dialectical Behavior Therapy (DBT)

A type of therapy focusing on understanding and managing emotions, improving interpersonal skills, and developing healthier coping mechanisms.

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Origins of Personality Disorders

A complex concept involving how brain functions, genetics, and life experiences interact to form personality disorders.

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Parkinson's Disease

A neurodegenerative disorder that primarily affects movement, muscle tone, posture, and balance. It's caused by a decrease in dopamine production in the brain.

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Huntington's Disease

A hereditary disorder that causes involuntary jerking movements, cognitive decline, and mood changes. It's caused by a genetic mutation affecting certain brain cells.

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Neurocognitive Disorder (NCD)

A decline in cognitive function that affects daily living activities, including memory, thinking, and reasoning. It can be caused by numerous factors like Alzheimer's or Parkinson's disease.

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Memory Impairment in NCD

A common symptom in people with NCD, especially in the early stages. It can manifest as forgetfulness, confusion, or difficulty concentrating.

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Functional Loss in NCD

A condition where individuals experience a decline in their ability to perform activities of daily living (ADLs) due to NCD. It can range from mild difficulty to complete dependence on caregivers.

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Deep Brain Stimulation for Parkinson's

A form of treatment for Parkinson's disease that involves implanting electrodes in the brain that stimulate specific areas. This can help improve motor symptoms like tremors and stiffness.

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Multidisciplinary Intervention for NCD

An approach to managing NCD that involves multiple healthcare professionals, including physical therapists, occupational therapists, and speech therapists. This helps address the physical and cognitive challenges these individuals face.

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Environmental Modifications for NCD

Modifications made to the environment to help individuals with NCD navigate their daily lives. This can include things like assistive devices, clear labeling, and safe spaces.

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Schizophrenia

A mental health disorder characterized by persistent psychotic symptoms, such as delusions, hallucinations, or disorganized speech, lasting for more than a month. The individual struggles to differentiate reality from their delusions.

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Schizoaffective Disorder

A mental disorder where an individual experiences both symptoms of schizophrenia and a major mood episode (depression or mania). The delusions or hallucinations must be present for at least 2 weeks without a mood episode at some point during the illness.

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Bipolar I Disorder

A mental health condition characterized by severe mood swings, including periods of mania or hypomania and episodes of depression. The individual may or may not experience accompanying depressive episodes.

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Circadian Rhythm

The natural sleep-wake cycle regulated by internal biological clocks. Influenced by light exposure, specifically sunlight in the morning, and a consistent sleep-wake schedule.

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Narcolepsy

A sleep disorder characterized by excessive daytime sleepiness and sudden attacks of overwhelming sleepiness.

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Sleepwalking/Sleep Talking

A sleep disorder characterized by repeated episodes of sleepwalking, sleep talking, or acting out dreams. May pose safety risks to the individual and others during episodes.

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Family Education: Sleepwalking/Sleep Talking

The act of walking or talking in their sleep, which can pose safety risks. Families should implement safety measures to prevent potential harm.

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Sleep Difficulties

A condition characterized by difficulty initiating or maintaining sleep, leading to dissatisfaction with sleep quality and daytime impairment. Can occur across the lifespan and often presents with varying causes and severity.

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Study Notes

  • Characterized by physical symptoms without a clear medical explanation
  • Absence of a physical cause does not negate suffering
  • Patients frequently seek medical attention
  • Comorbid conditions include depression and anxiety

Conversion Disorder

  • Neurological symptoms (e.g., paralysis, blindness, seizures)
  • No evidence of actual neurological impairment
  • Symptoms involve movement and/or senses
  • Do not fit a typical neurological disorder presentation

Treatment

  • Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT)
  • Transcranial magnetic stimulation
  • Medications may be helpful
  • Lifespan considerations with children focus on anxiety treatment

Feeding and Eating Disorders

  • Pica: disorder of eating non-food items (e.g., dirt, coins)
  • Pediatric form often linked to developmental disabilities
  • In adulthood, it may be linked to pregnancy or iron deficiency
  • Duration of at least one month
  • Behavior not culturally or socially accepted

Anorexia Nervosa

  • Restriction of calorie intake
  • Significant low body weight
  • Intense fear of weight gain
  • Distorted body image
  • Lack of recognition of the seriousness of low body weight

Bulimia Nervosa

  • First binge eating; then inappropriate compensatory behaviors (vomiting, laxatives)
  • Binge-eating episodes are at least weekly for 3 months, or more frequently
  • Self-image is not overly impacted by behavior

Binge Eating Disorder

  • Recurrent episodes of binge eating
  • Eating too rapidly, even when not hungry, or when uncomfortably full
  • Embarrassment, distress or guilt after eating episodes.
  • Episodes occur at least once a week for at least three months

Elimination Disorders

  • Enuresis: involuntary or intentional voiding of urine in bed or clothing.
  • Encopresis: involuntary or intentional passing of feces in inappropriate places.
  • Occurs in individuals at least 4 years of age, and at least once a month across at least three months.

Delayed Ejaculation

  • Significantly delayed or absent ejaculation
  • Experienced, on most occasions, during intercourse attempts
  • Symptoms last at least six months
  • Psychological and social factors may cause or contribute to symptoms

Genito-Pelvic Pain/Penetration Disorder

  • Difficulty with vaginal penetration during sexual intercourse
  • Experiencing pain or fear of pain during intercourse
  • Happens for at least six months and causes distress

Cultural Considerations

  • Some cultures may have stricter views or stigmatize individuals with eating disorders
  • Gender roles are culturally impacted
  • Stigmatization is a concern with eating disorders and gender dysphoria

Trauma-Informed Approach

  • Realizing the widespread impact of trauma and understanding potential paths for recovery and resilience
  • Recognizing the signs and symptoms of trauma and its impact and symptoms across the lifespan and contexts
  • Responding to trauma-informed principles
  • Resisting re-traumatization and re-victimization practices

Oppositional Defiant Disorder

  • Repetitive pattern of angry or irritable mood and argumentative, defiant, or vindictive behavior
  • Duration of at least six months
  • Influences family, social, play, and educational occupations

Intermittent Explosive Disorder

  • Failure to manage aggressive impulses leading to verbal or physical aggression, or property damage
  • Occurs at least twice a week for three months

Conduct Disorder

  • Persistent pattern of behavior that violates the rights of others.
  • Includes aggression, property damage, deceitfulness, or theft
  • Behavior happens for at least 12 months.

Neurocognitive Disorders

  • Cognitive decline from a previous level of performance
  • Interferes with independent daily activities

Major/Mild Neurocognitive Disorder

  • Important cognitive decline from a previous level of performance (major)
  • Modest cognitive decline from a previous level of performance (mild)
  • This interferes with independent daily tasks
  • Basic ADLs might be independent, but IADLs may be impaired

Alzheimer's Dementia

  • Common type of Neurocognitive Disorder
  • Progressive and deteriorating condition
  • Deposits of proteins in the brain and brain atrophy (shrinking brain)

Vascular Dementia

  • Second most common Neurocognitive Disorder
  • Follows cerebrovascular accidents (CVAs).
  • Executive function and cognitive flexibility impacted.

Parkinson's Disease

  • Movement disorder
  • Impacts movement, muscle tone, balance, and posture
  • Reduced dopamine in the brain

Huntington's Disease

  • Genetic disorder
  • Involuntary jerking movements
  • Difficulty focusing, and memory lapses

Substance Use Disorders

  • Alcohol
  • Opioids
  • Intoxication describes the immediate effects
  • Tolerance - increased dose needed for results
  • Withdrawal describes symptoms when use is reduced or stopped

Sleep Disorders

  • Narcolepsy: sudden and intense need for sleep
  • Obstructive Sleep Apnea: breathing pauses or shallow breathing during sleep
  • Circadian Rhythm Sleep-Wake Disorders: disruption of natural sleep-wake cycle.

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Description

This quiz explores various factors related to substance use disorders, including opioid use and personality disorders. It highlights the role of occupational therapy in supporting clients with these challenges and addresses related issues such as toileting and sexual dysfunction. Test your knowledge on these important topics!

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