Substance Use Disorders and Occupational Therapy

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Questions and Answers

Which of the following factors can increase the risk of opioid use disorders?

Past history of substance use disorders

Having a strong support system

Anxiety or depression (correct)

Engagement in physical activity

What is a common characteristic of opioid withdrawal symptoms?

Increased respiratory rate

Severe withdrawal symptoms (correct)

Mild cravings

Euphoria

How should occupational therapy support clients with substance use disorders?

Ignore the assessment of daily occupations

Discourage engagement in 12-step programs

Evaluate their willingness to change and set short-term goals (correct)

Focus solely on encouraging physical activity

Which of the following best describes Cluster B personality disorders?

Display flamboyant or dramatic behavior Signup and view all the answers

What is a primary focus of occupational therapy for individuals with substance use disorders?

Build self-esteem and replace unhealthy activities Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of delayed ejaculation?

Absence of ejaculation on most occasions Signup and view all the answers

Which factor can contribute to genito-pelvic pain/penetration disorder?

Abdominal abnormalities Signup and view all the answers

What is a common psychological source of genito-pelvic pain/penetration disorder?

Anxiety Signup and view all the answers

What is the main focus of occupational therapy intervention for gender dysphoria?

Self-esteem and self-concept Signup and view all the answers

What is one possible consequence of chronic constipation during infancy?

Development of bowel difficulties Signup and view all the answers

Which treatment method may be helpful for some cases of genito-pelvic pain/penetration disorder?

Estrogen replacement therapy Signup and view all the answers

What implication does occupational therapy have for individuals with toileting issues?

Addressing self-esteem issues Signup and view all the answers

Which is NOT a factor implicated in difficulties with toileting?

Healthy diet Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes somatic symptom disorder?

Patients have unexplained bodily symptoms Signup and view all the answers

Which disorder is associated with neurological symptoms without evidence of actual neurological impairment?

Conversion disorder Signup and view all the answers

What is a common comorbidity with somatic symptom disorder?

Anxiety disorders Signup and view all the answers

What is a significant indicator of PICA in adults?

Eating nonfood items due to pregnancy or iron deficiency Signup and view all the answers

Why might children with somatic symptom disorders show better outcomes?

Effective treatment for anxiety can improve outcomes Signup and view all the answers

What is a primary treatment strategy for conversion disorder?

Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) Signup and view all the answers

What is a critical characteristic of anorexia nervosa?

Distorted body image with intense fear of weight gain Signup and view all the answers

What is often a key factor in the occupational therapy intervention for PICA?

Addressing sensory issues and modifying the environment Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic behavior often associated with borderline personality disorder?

Intense interpersonal relationships with idealization and devaluation Signup and view all the answers

Which factor is NOT typically associated with the development of personality disorders?

Consistent daily routines Signup and view all the answers

Which treatment method has shown to be most effective for borderline personality disorder?

Behavioral and psychoeducational treatments Signup and view all the answers

What best describes a symptom of major neurocognitive disorder?

Significant cognitive decline impacting independence in daily activities Signup and view all the answers

Which cognitive domains are affected in major and mild neurocognitive disorders?

Complex attention and executive function Signup and view all the answers

What is a distinguishing characteristic of vascular neurocognitive disease?

Cerebrovascular accidents (CVA) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a recommended strategy to improve sleep hygiene?

Exposure to sunlight in the morning Signup and view all the answers

How is mild neurocognitive disorder defined in relation to daily activities?

Independence in basic activities and possible impairment in instrumental activities Signup and view all the answers

What is a common misconception about Alzheimer's disease?

It has definitive lab tests for diagnosis Signup and view all the answers

What is a critical sign of schizophrenia?

Hallucinations or delusions for more than one month Signup and view all the answers

What is a consideration when recommending medications to older adults for sleep difficulties?

They have increased sensitivity to medications Signup and view all the answers

Which symptom would NOT be used to differentiate a diagnosis of schizoaffective disorder?

Mood episodes lasting less than two weeks Signup and view all the answers

In the context of childhood narcolepsy, which aspect is essential for effective education?

Educating parents about childhood factors Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following approaches is associated with improving sleep quality?

Daily exercise routine Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of managing CPAP for certain patients?

CPAP helps reduce fatigue and improve sleep quality Signup and view all the answers

What commonly presents between active symptom episodes in schizophrenia?

Prodromal and residual symptoms Signup and view all the answers

What is a common early sign of Alzheimer's Disease?

Confusion about everyday activities Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary characteristic of Huntington's Disease?

Genetic inheritance with a 50% chance Signup and view all the answers

What type of functional consequence is often observed in individuals with Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI)?

Deficits depend on injury location and severity Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is true regarding Parkinson's Disease?

Deep brain stimulation may help improve symptoms Signup and view all the answers

What is a key difference in symptom presentation between mild NCD and more advanced NCD?

Mild NCD does not include loss of ADL performance Signup and view all the answers

Which statement best describes the treatment approach for Alzheimer's Disease?

Interventions aim to manage symptoms and support function Signup and view all the answers

What mental changes are commonly associated with Huntington’s Disease?

Irritability and mood swings Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes comorbidity in neurocognitive disorders (NCD)?

NCD can exist alongside multiple other conditions Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Characterized by physical symptoms without a clear medical explanation
Absence of a physical cause does not negate suffering
Patients frequently seek medical attention
Comorbid conditions include depression and anxiety

Conversion Disorder

Neurological symptoms (e.g., paralysis, blindness, seizures)
No evidence of actual neurological impairment
Symptoms involve movement and/or senses
Do not fit a typical neurological disorder presentation

Treatment

Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT)
Transcranial magnetic stimulation
Medications may be helpful
Lifespan considerations with children focus on anxiety treatment

Feeding and Eating Disorders

Pica: disorder of eating non-food items (e.g., dirt, coins)
Pediatric form often linked to developmental disabilities
In adulthood, it may be linked to pregnancy or iron deficiency
Duration of at least one month
Behavior not culturally or socially accepted

Anorexia Nervosa

Restriction of calorie intake
Significant low body weight
Intense fear of weight gain
Distorted body image
Lack of recognition of the seriousness of low body weight

Bulimia Nervosa

First binge eating; then inappropriate compensatory behaviors (vomiting, laxatives)
Binge-eating episodes are at least weekly for 3 months, or more frequently
Self-image is not overly impacted by behavior

Binge Eating Disorder

Recurrent episodes of binge eating
Eating too rapidly, even when not hungry, or when uncomfortably full
Embarrassment, distress or guilt after eating episodes.
Episodes occur at least once a week for at least three months

Elimination Disorders

Enuresis: involuntary or intentional voiding of urine in bed or clothing.
Encopresis: involuntary or intentional passing of feces in inappropriate places.
Occurs in individuals at least 4 years of age, and at least once a month across at least three months.

Delayed Ejaculation

Significantly delayed or absent ejaculation
Experienced, on most occasions, during intercourse attempts
Symptoms last at least six months
Psychological and social factors may cause or contribute to symptoms

Genito-Pelvic Pain/Penetration Disorder

Difficulty with vaginal penetration during sexual intercourse
Experiencing pain or fear of pain during intercourse
Happens for at least six months and causes distress

Cultural Considerations

Some cultures may have stricter views or stigmatize individuals with eating disorders
Gender roles are culturally impacted
Stigmatization is a concern with eating disorders and gender dysphoria

Trauma-Informed Approach

Realizing the widespread impact of trauma and understanding potential paths for recovery and resilience
Recognizing the signs and symptoms of trauma and its impact and symptoms across the lifespan and contexts
Responding to trauma-informed principles
Resisting re-traumatization and re-victimization practices

Oppositional Defiant Disorder

Repetitive pattern of angry or irritable mood and argumentative, defiant, or vindictive behavior
Duration of at least six months
Influences family, social, play, and educational occupations

Intermittent Explosive Disorder

Failure to manage aggressive impulses leading to verbal or physical aggression, or property damage
Occurs at least twice a week for three months

Conduct Disorder

Persistent pattern of behavior that violates the rights of others.
Includes aggression, property damage, deceitfulness, or theft
Behavior happens for at least 12 months.

Neurocognitive Disorders

Cognitive decline from a previous level of performance
Interferes with independent daily activities

Major/Mild Neurocognitive Disorder

Important cognitive decline from a previous level of performance (major)
Modest cognitive decline from a previous level of performance (mild)
This interferes with independent daily tasks
Basic ADLs might be independent, but IADLs may be impaired

Alzheimer's Dementia

Common type of Neurocognitive Disorder
Progressive and deteriorating condition
Deposits of proteins in the brain and brain atrophy (shrinking brain)

Vascular Dementia

Second most common Neurocognitive Disorder
Follows cerebrovascular accidents (CVAs).
Executive function and cognitive flexibility impacted.

Parkinson's Disease

Movement disorder
Impacts movement, muscle tone, balance, and posture
Reduced dopamine in the brain

Huntington's Disease

Genetic disorder
Involuntary jerking movements
Difficulty focusing, and memory lapses