Substance Abuse: Stimulants & Hallucinogens

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What is a potential risk associated with methamphetamine use during the perioperative period?

Hypo- or hypertension (correct)

Cardiomyopathy and myocardial ischemia

Seizures

Respiratory depression

What is the primary mechanism of action of LSD, psilocybin, and mescaline?

Cholinergic

Serotonergic (correct)

Kappa opioid

Glutamatergic

What is the primary mechanism of cocaine's action on neurotransmitters?

Cocaine blocks the re-uptake of DA, NE, and 5-HT (correct)

Cocaine increases the release of DA, NE, and 5-HT

Cocaine stimulates the release of DA and NE while blocking the transport of 5-HT

Cocaine binds to MAO to increase DA and NE metabolism

What is the name of the plant that contains the stimulant cathinone?

Khat plant (Catha edulis) Signup and view all the answers

What is the time onset of action for smoked cocaine?

Instant Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential complication of long-term methamphetamine use that can affect the teeth?

Loose or damaged teeth Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential complication of intubation in individuals who have snorted cocaine?

Damaged septum and soft palate necrosis Signup and view all the answers

What is the most commonly used illicit drug worldwide?

Cannabinoids (Marijuana) Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the class of drugs that includes LSD, psilocybin, and mescaline?

Hallucinogens Signup and view all the answers

What is the mechanism of action of amphetamine on neurotransmitters?

Amphetamine stimulates the release of DA and NE while blocking their transport Signup and view all the answers

What is a common therapeutic indication for amphetamine and its derivatives?

ADHD Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary mechanism of action of caffeine in the human body?

Antagonizing adenosine receptors Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of methamphetamine use associated with dental disease?

Greater levels of MA use are associated with higher rates of dental disease Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the 'nerve tonic' developed by John Pemberton that later became Coca-Cola?

French Wine Coca Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the process by which cocaine is processed to create a smokable form?

Freebasing Signup and view all the answers

What is the time frame within which caffeine withdrawal symptoms typically emerge?

12-24 hours Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary active chemical found in sativa and c. indica?

∆9-THC Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of cannabinoids on sensory perception?

Altered sensory perception Signup and view all the answers

What is the approved use of Marinol/dronabinol?

Treatment of chemotherapy-induced nausea and emesis Signup and view all the answers

Where are CB2 receptors primarily located?

All of the above Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the concept of dependence in relation to substance abuse?

A state in which an individual functions normally only in the presence of a drug. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary mechanism of action of stimulants on the body?

Increasing alertness and feelings of pleasure. Signup and view all the answers

What is the most common psychoactive drug used worldwide, according to the text?

Caffeine Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a consequence of acute stimulant use?

Depression and anxiety. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary distinction between addiction and dependence, according to the text?

Addiction is a pattern of behavior, while dependence is a physical state. Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the cessation of drug intake that manifests as a physical or psychological disturbance?

Withdrawal Signup and view all the answers