20 Questions
What medication is used as an adjunct to behavioural therapy in suitably motivated alcoholics after detoxification?
Disulfiram
Naloxone is a partial opioid agonist.
False
What is the purpose of using opioid agonists or partial agonists in opioid dependence treatment?
To substitute for injectable narcotics and reduce the harmful effects associated with the route of administration.
Acamprosate helps to maintain ______________ in alcoholics.
abstinence
Match the following medications with their uses in addiction treatment:
Chlordiazepoxide = Reducing withdrawal symptoms and the risk of seizures Naltrexone = Helping to prevent relapse in detoxified addicts Lofexidine = Ameliorating symptoms of opioid withdrawal Disulfiram = Adjunct to behavioural therapy in suitably motivated alcoholics
How is Naloxone typically administered in community settings?
As a nasal spray or by intramuscular injection
What is the primary goal of Disulfiram in treating alcohol addiction?
To maintain abstinence in highly motivated patients
Alcoholics Anonymous (AA) is a mandatory program for people with alcoholism.
False
What is the recommended treatment for Opioids Withdrawal?
methadone
Naltrexone can be started while the patient is still _______________________.
drinking
Match the following medications with their respective uses in addiction treatment:
Naloxone = Opioids Intoxication Flumazenil = Benzodiazepines Intoxication Methadone = Opioids Withdrawal Disulfiram = Maintaining abstinence in alcohol addiction
As many as 30% of individuals relapse after psychosocial treatment alone.
False
What is the treatment for nicotine intoxication?
Symptomatic support
True or False: Benzodiazepines are used to treat agitation and seizures in amphetamine intoxication.
True
What is the common feature of the major dependence-inducing drugs?
They have a positive reinforcing action ('reward') associated with activation of the mesolimbic dopaminergic pathway
Nicotine dependence can be treated with _______________ and varenicline.
nicotine patch/gum
Match the following substances with their treatment options:
Cocaine intoxication = Alpha-blockers and benzodiazepines Marijuana = N-acetyl cysteine, gabapentin, and dronabinol Tobacco dependence = Short-term nicotine and varenicline Phencyclidine intoxication = Benzodiazepines and rapid-acting antipsychotics
True or False: Genetic factors do not contribute to drug-seeking behavior.
False
What is the contraindication for using bupropion in nicotine dependence treatment?
All of the above
What is the purpose of short-term nicotine in tobacco dependence treatment?
As an adjunct to behavioral therapy in smokers committed to giving up.
Study Notes
Drug Intoxication and Withdrawal Management
- Amphetamine intoxication: treat with benzodiazepines for agitation and seizures
- Cocaine intoxication: treat with alpha-blockers and benzodiazepines
- Caffeine intoxication: provide symptomatic support
- Nicotine intoxication: provide symptomatic support
- Nicotine withdrawal: use nicotine patch/gum, varenicline, or bupropion
- Phencyclidine intoxication: treat with benzodiazepines and rapid-acting antipsychotics
- Marijuana intoxication: use N-acetyl cysteine, gabapentin, or dronabinol
Drug Dependence
- Dependence occurs when the desire to experience the effects of a drug becomes compulsive
- Dependence can be subdivided into physical and psychological components
- Physical dependence is characterized by a withdrawal syndrome
- Psychological dependence comprises mood changes, craving, and irritability
- Tolerance may occur to the effects of the drug
- Genetic factors contribute to drug-seeking behavior
Clinical Use of Drugs in Substance Dependence
- Tobacco dependence:
- Short-term nicotine is an adjunct to behavioral therapy
- Varenicline is used as an adjunct, but has been linked to suicidal ideation
- Bupropion is also effective, but lowers seizure threshold
- Alcohol dependence:
- Long-acting benzodiazepines (e.g., chlordiazepoxide) are used to reduce withdrawal symptoms
- Naltrexone is used to help maintain abstinence
- Disulfiram is used to maintain abstinence in highly motivated patients
- Acamprosate is used to maintain abstinence once achieved
Treatment of Specific Dependencies
- Opioids:
- Intoxication: treat with naloxone
- Withdrawal: treat with methadone
- Barbiturate intoxication: provide artificial ventilatory support
- Benzodiazepine intoxication: treat with flumazenil
- Benzodiazepine withdrawal: gradually taper off benzodiazepines with a long half-life
This quiz covers the treatment and management of intoxication and withdrawal symptoms for various drugs, including amphetamines, cocaine, caffeine, nicotine, and phencyclidine. It also touches on drug dependence.
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