Clin Med - Acute Pain
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Questions and Answers

Pain is always a subjective and individual experience.

True

What is the definition of the duration of acute pain?

  • a few minutes to less than six months (correct)
  • less than 3 weeks max
  • less 1 year
  • 3 to 6 months

    • Acute pain happens suddenly and usually disappears whenever the underlying cause is treated.

    True

    Types of Acute Pain

    <p>Damage to the tissue, muscle, and/or joints that cna lead to well localized pain = Somatic Poorly localized pain that comes from the organs (heart, stomach, gut) = Visceral Atypical pain sensation that is described as numbness, tingling, burning = Neuropathic pain from a stimulus that wouldn’t normally provoke pain = allodynia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    somatic and visceral pain fall under the classification of nociceptors

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What cortex of the brain interprets the location, intensity, and quality of pain sensations and allows individuals to localize and describe their pain experiences?

    <p>Somatosensory Cortex</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What pain system includes the amygdala and hippocampus process the emotional components of pain?

    <p>Limbic System</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What section of the brain integrates sensory and emotional information and influences pain perception, coping strategies, and decision- making?

    <p>Prefrontal cortex</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Chemical Mediators in the Transmission of Pain

    <p>Acts on neurons in the spinal cord to amplify pain signals = Substance P An excitatory neurotransmitter that contributes to the amplification and prolongation of pain signals = Glutamate Inhibitory neurotransmitters that activate descending inhibitory pathways = GABA, Glycine, Serotonin, Norepinephrine Provide a mechanism for pain modulation and pain relief = GABA, Glycine, Serotonin, Norepinephrine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Chemical Mediators in the Transmission of Pain

    <p>Bind to opioid receptors in the CNS andPNS to induce analgesic effects = Endorphins, Enkephalins, Dynorphins Release can be triggered by physical activity, acupuncture = Endorphins, Enkephalins, Dynorphins Releasedinresponsetotissue injury or inflammation = Prostaglandins, Bradykinin, Histamine, Cytokines Can sensitize nociceptors and amplify pain signals = Prostaglandins, Bradykinin, Histamine, Cytokines</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the first step in the assessment of acute pain?

    <p>Determining Severity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Pain and nociception are the same thing

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Nonopioid therapies are at least as effective as opioids for many common types of acute pain

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Clinicians should maximize the use of nonpharmacologic and nonopioid pharmacologic therapies as appropriate

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Only consider opioid therapy for acute pain if benefits are anticipated to outweigh risks to the patient

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is not an appropriate management of a patient with bug bites, small bruises or sunburns?

    <p>Round-the-clock NSAIDs + acetaminophen (alternating) with short term immobilization</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A patient that presents with higher level sprains and strains, typical headache or uncomplicated back pain can be managed with all of the following EXCEPT

    <p>Opioids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Acetaminophen max daily dose = _______mg

    <p>4000</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Ibuprofen max daily dose = _____ mg

    <p>3200</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the first line therapy for patients with acute severe pain?

    <p>Opioids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    You should order an antiemetic when ordering opioids.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Some injuries obviously need opioids such as multisystem trauma and high-grade extensive burns.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Acute Pain

    • Acute pain is sudden in onset and usually resolves when the underlying cause is treated
    • Types of acute pain include somatic and visceral pain, both of which fall under the classification of nociceptors

    Pain Processing in the Brain

    • The cortex interprets the location, intensity, and quality of pain sensations, allowing individuals to localize and describe their pain experiences
    • The pain system, including the amygdala and hippocampus, processes the emotional components of pain
    • The prefrontal cortex integrates sensory and emotional information, influencing pain perception, coping strategies, and decision-making

    Chemical Mediators in Pain Transmission

    • Chemical mediators play a crucial role in the transmission of pain

    Assessing and Managing Acute Pain

    • The first step in assessing acute pain is undefined in the text
    • Pain and nociception are not the same thing
    • Nonopioid therapies are at least as effective as opioids for many common types of acute pain
    • Clinicians should maximize the use of nonpharmacologic and nonopioid pharmacologic therapies as appropriate
    • Opioid therapy should only be considered for acute pain if benefits are anticipated to outweigh risks to the patient

    Pain Management

    • Bug bites, small bruises, or sunburns should not be managed with opioids
    • Patients with higher-level sprains and strains, typical headaches, or uncomplicated back pain can be managed with:
      • Acetaminophen (max daily dose: 4000mg)
      • Ibuprofen (max daily dose: 2400mg)
    • The first-line therapy for patients with acute severe pain is undefined in the text
    • Antiemetics should be ordered when prescribing opioids
    • Opioids may be necessary for severe injuries, such as multisystem trauma and high-grade extensive burns

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