Podcast
Podcast
Podcast
Something went wrong
Questions and Answers
Questions and Answers
What is a characteristic of abscesses with multiple sinus tracts?
What is a characteristic of abscesses with multiple sinus tracts?
- They only produce clear fluid.
- They remain permanently closed.
- They can cause immediate paralysis.
- They can heal and then reopen. (correct)
Which site of infection is referred to as pedal mycetoma?
Which site of infection is referred to as pedal mycetoma?
- Infection located only in the sole area. (correct)
- Infection located in the trunk.
- Infection located in the arm.
- Infection located in the back.
What are the main antifungal treatments for eumycotic mycetoma?
What are the main antifungal treatments for eumycotic mycetoma?
- Dapsone and Streptomycin.
- Amphotericin-B and Itraconazole. (correct)
- Fluconazole and Ketoconazole.
- Caspofungin and Griseofulvin.
What is the mode of transmission for sporotrichosis?
What is the mode of transmission for sporotrichosis?
Which group is at high risk for acquiring sporotrichosis?
Which group is at high risk for acquiring sporotrichosis?
Which of the following conditions is classified under subcutaneous mycoses?
Which of the following conditions is classified under subcutaneous mycoses?
What is the primary mode of transmission for mycetoma?
What is the primary mode of transmission for mycetoma?
Which of the following groups of organisms are NOT known to cause mycetoma?
Which of the following groups of organisms are NOT known to cause mycetoma?
In which geographical areas is mycetoma known to occur with a high frequency?
In which geographical areas is mycetoma known to occur with a high frequency?
Which of the following is true regarding the clinical manifestation of mycetoma?
Which of the following is true regarding the clinical manifestation of mycetoma?
Which clinical signs are associated with fixed cutaneous sporotrichosis?
Which clinical signs are associated with fixed cutaneous sporotrichosis?
What characterizes lymphocutaneous sporotrichosis?
What characterizes lymphocutaneous sporotrichosis?
Which site is commonly affected by fixed cutaneous sporotrichosis?
Which site is commonly affected by fixed cutaneous sporotrichosis?
What is a notable feature of muco-cutaneous sporotrichosis?
What is a notable feature of muco-cutaneous sporotrichosis?
Which of the following statements about the treatment of sporotrichosis is true?
Which of the following statements about the treatment of sporotrichosis is true?
Chromoblastomycosis is primarily caused by which types of fungi?
Chromoblastomycosis is primarily caused by which types of fungi?
What is a common laboratory diagnosis method for chromoblastomycosis?
What is a common laboratory diagnosis method for chromoblastomycosis?
What distinguishes extra cutaneous sporotrichosis from other forms?
What distinguishes extra cutaneous sporotrichosis from other forms?
Questions and Answers
Something went wrong
Flashcards
Flashcards
Mycetoma (Madura Foot)
Mycetoma (Madura Foot)
A clinical syndrome with localized, swollen lesions and exudative abscesses, affecting cutaneous and subcutaneous tissues, and potentially bone.
Actinobacteria in Mycetoma
Actinobacteria in Mycetoma
Filamentous bacteria involved in mycetoma; exist in soil and plants, except A. israelii (normal flora).
Fungi in Mycetoma
Fungi in Mycetoma
Fungi involved in mycetoma, found in soil and plants.
Actinomycotic Mycetoma
Actinomycotic Mycetoma
Signup and view all the flashcards
Eumycotic Mycetoma
Eumycotic Mycetoma
Signup and view all the flashcards
Mycetoma Transmission
Mycetoma Transmission
Signup and view all the flashcards
Mycetoma Symptoms
Mycetoma Symptoms
Signup and view all the flashcards
Pedal Mycetoma
Pedal Mycetoma
Signup and view all the flashcards
Extrapedal Mycetoma
Extrapedal Mycetoma
Signup and view all the flashcards
KOH/PAS Smear
KOH/PAS Smear
Signup and view all the flashcards
Actinomycotic Mycetoma treatment
Actinomycotic Mycetoma treatment
Signup and view all the flashcards
Sporotrichosis (Rose Syndrome)
Sporotrichosis (Rose Syndrome)
Signup and view all the flashcards
Sporotrichosis Transmission
Sporotrichosis Transmission
Signup and view all the flashcards
Fixed Cutaneous Sporotrichosis
Fixed Cutaneous Sporotrichosis
Signup and view all the flashcards
Lymphocutaneous Sporotrichosis
Lymphocutaneous Sporotrichosis
Signup and view all the flashcards
Chromoblastomycosis
Chromoblastomycosis
Signup and view all the flashcards
Chromoblastomycosis Symptoms
Chromoblastomycosis Symptoms
Signup and view all the flashcards
Chromoblastomycosis Diagnosis
Chromoblastomycosis Diagnosis
Signup and view all the flashcards
Flashcards
Something went wrong
Study Notes
Study Notes
Subcutaneous Mycoses
- Include diseases involving under skin tissues: Mycetoma, Sporotrichosis, Chromoblastomycosis.
Mycetoma (Madura Foot)
- Clinical syndrome characterized by localized, deforming, swollen lesions and exudative abscesses.
- Affects cutaneous and subcutaneous tissues and can involve bone.
- Caused by a combination of Actinobacteria and fungi.
Actinobacteria
- Filamentous bacteria associated with mycetoma include:
- Actinomyces israelii (normal flora)
- Actinomadura madurae
- Nocardia species (N. asteroides, N. otitidis-caviarum, N. brasiliensis)
- Streptomyces somaliensis
- Most exist in soil and plants except A. israelii.
Fungi
- Key fungi involved in mycetoma:
- Pseudallescheria boydii
- Madurella mycetomatis
- Madurella grisea
- Aspergillus species
- Acremonium species
- Fusarium species
- Primarily found in soil and plants.
Environmental Niches
- Commonly found in soil, plants, and certain devices.
Etiological Types of Mycetoma
- Actinomycotic Mycetoma: Caused by Actinobacteria.
- Eumycotic Mycetoma: Caused by fungi.
Mode of Transmission
- Transmission occurs through cutaneous inoculation after trauma (e.g., pin, thorn, thistle injuries).
Ecology and Epidemiology
- Distributed worldwide; higher frequency in tropical regions (e.g., India, Sudan, Mexico) and lower in subtropical areas (e.g., Iran).
- Affects all age groups, with a higher incidence in males, especially in farming and gardening occupations.
Clinical Manifestations
- Long incubation period (6 months to 10 years).
- Presenting symptoms include:
- Tense nodules and abscesses with multiple sinus tracts.
- Granules may be produced, varying in size and color.
- Edema, disfigurement, and potential metastasis to joints or bone (not nerves/muscles).
Anatomic Sites of Infection
- Pedal mycetoma: Lesions localized to the foot.
- Extrapedal mycetoma: Involvement in areas such as the leg, trunk, or arm.
Laboratorial Diagnosis
- Sample pus, exudate, or granules for analysis.
- Smearing with KOH or PAS staining highlights:
- Actinomycotic grains (branched filaments) versus Eumycotic grains (septate mycelia).
- Culturing on selective media (S, Sc, BHI).
Treatment
- Eumycotic Mycetoma: Amphotricine-B, Itraconazole.
- Actinomycotic Mycetoma: Dapsone combined with Streptomycin.
Sporotrichosis (Rose Syndrome)
- Caused by the dimorphic fungus Sporothrix schenckii, typically found in soil and plants.
Mode of Transmission
- Common injuries facilitating transmission include:
- Pin, thorn, thistle trauma, and bites from animals (dogs, parrots, cats).
Epidemiology
- Endemic in tropical areas (Mexico and Brazil), sporadic in subtropical regions (Iran).
- Affects all ages, with a higher frequency among males due to occupational exposure.
Clinical Types
- Fixed cutaneous sporotrichosis: Single painless lesions without lymphatic involvement.
- Lymphocutaneous sporotrichosis: Subcutaneous nodules and ulcerative lesions with lymphadenopathy.
- Muco cutaneous sporotrichosis: Rare with involvement in oral and nasal areas.
- Extra cutaneous sporotrichosis: Dissemination to bones, eyes, and lungs, typically after prior skin lesions.
Laboratorial Diagnosis
- Sampling of pus, exudates, or biopsy materials.
- Direct smears reveal yeast bodies, asteroid bodies; cultures differ based on temperature.
Treatment
- Iodine solutions (oral and injectable), Amphotricine-B, Imidazoles.
Chromoblastomycosis
- A subcutaneous infection leading to verrucoid, compact lesions caused by dematiaceous fungi such as Fonsecae and Cladosporium species.
Clinical Manifestation
- Papules and nodules that can develop into verrucoid lesions.
Laboratorial Diagnosis
- Direct examination via smear with KOH shows sclerotic bodies.
- Cultures reveal dark mycelia and pigmented spores.
Treatment
- Amphotricine-B, Imidazoles.
Studying That Suits You
Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.
Study Notes
Something went wrong
