Subcutaneous Mycoses: Dr. Razaq Momoh
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Questions and Answers

Which fungus is the causative agent of sporotrichosis?

  • Sporothrix schenckii (correct)
  • Cryptococcus neoformans
  • Candida albicans
  • Aspergillus fumigatus

    • At what temperature does Sporothrix schenckii appear as a small budding yeast?

  • 10-15ᵒC
  • 35-37ᵒC (correct)
  • 25-30ᵒC
  • 40-45ᵒC

    • How does the fungus Sporothrix schenckii appear in tissues or in vitro at 35-37ᵒC?

  • Large budding yeast
  • Non-branching hyphae
  • Small round spores
  • Mold with branching septate hyphae conidia (correct)

    • What allows Sporothrix schenckii to be introduced into the body, leading to sporotrichosis?

    <p>Traumatic inoculation by a contaminated material</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How are lesions from trauma sites described in sporotrichosis?

    <p>Granulomatous</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the habitat of Sporothrix schenckii?

    <p>Vegetation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    At what temperature does the fungus Sporothrix schenckii grow as mold?

    <p>+20ᵒC</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most common site of mycetoma?

    <p>Foot</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which fungal species can cause eumycotic mycetoma?

    <p>Exophiala jeanselmei</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic feature of chromoblastomycosis?

    <p>Slow progressive granulomatous lesion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the DOC (Drug of Choice) for Actinomycotic mycetoma?

    <p>Streptomycin+Dapsone or Cotrimoxazole</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How are the conidia of Fonsecaea compacta described?

    <p>Blastoconidia are virtually spherical with a broad base connecting the conidia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the antigenic structure used for diagnosis in Sporotrichosis?

    <p>Heat killed saline suspensions of cultures or carbohydrate fractions (Sporotrichin)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic feature of lymphangitis sporotrichosis?

    <p>&quot;Painless nodules ulcerating and exudating pus along lymphatic channels&quot;</p> Signup and view all the answers

    At what temperature does Sporotrichosis grow as budding yeast cells?

    <p>+35°C</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the method by which C. carrionii produces branching chains of conidia?

    <p>Distal budding</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes pathogenic species from saprophytic dematiaceous molds in terms of growth capabilities?

    <p>Ability to grow at 37°C and digest gelatin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended treatment for larger lesions caused by C. carrionii?

    <p>Flucytosine and itraconazole</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic feature of lesions caused by Sporothrix schenckii?

    <p>Wrinkled and fuzzy appearance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the method by which Sporothrix schenckii is introduced into the body, leading to sporotrichosis?

    <p>Traumatic inoculation by a contaminated material</p> Signup and view all the answers

    At what temperature does Sporothrix schenckii grow as mold?

    <p>25-30ᵒC</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most common site of secondary spread involving draining lymphatics and lymph nodes in sporotrichosis?

    <p>Skin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does Sporothrix schenckii appear in tissues or in vitro at 35-37ᵒC?

    <p>Small budding yeast</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes pathogenic species from saprophytic dematiaceous molds in terms of growth capabilities?

    <p>Thermally dimorphic growth at 35-37ᵒC</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What might result from secondary infection, obstruction, and fibrosis of the lymph channels caused by Sporothrix schenckii?

    <p>Lymphangitis sporotrichosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the histological characteristics of lesions caused by Sporothrix schenckii?

    <p>Fibrotic tissue with giant cells and budding yeast cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the habitat of Sporothrix schenckii?

    <p>Soil and vegetation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which characteristic feature of sporotrichosis differentiates fixed sporotrichosis from lymphocutaneous sporotrichosis?

    <p>Higher level of exposure and immunity in the local population</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the DOC (Drug of Choice) for cutaneous sporotrichosis?

    <p>Itraconazole</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic feature of actinomycotic mycetoma?

    <p>Black granules and stout filaments on microscopy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes eumycotic mycetoma from actinomycotic mycetoma?

    <p>Presence of white to yellow granules</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most common cause of eumycotic mycetoma?

    <p>Exophiala jeanselmei</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which fungal infection is characterized by a slow progressive granulomatous lesion and hyperplasia of epidermal tissue?

    <p>Chromoblastomycosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What differentiates Phialophora verrucosa from other aetiologic agents in chromoblastomycosis?

    <p>Flask-shaped phialides with cup-shaped collarettes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic feature of lymphangitis sporotrichosis?

    <p>Development of nodules along the lymphatic channels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended treatment for Actinomycetoma?

    <p>Dapsone + Streptomycin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes fixed sporotrichosis from lymphocutaneous sporotrichosis?

    <p>Necrotic granulomatous nodules</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes saprophytic dematiaceous molds from pathogenic species?

    <p>Inability to grow at 37°C and ability to digest gelatin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic feature of lymphangitis sporotrichosis?

    <p>Small ulcerations or black dots of hemopurulent materials on the warty surface</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a rare outcome that may occur due to local lymphatic spread or autoinoculation of C. carrionii?

    <p>Elephantiasis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What might result from secondary infection, obstruction, and fibrosis of the lymph channels caused by C. carrionii?

    <p>Elephantiasis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the histological characteristics of lesions caused by C. carrionii?

    <p>Granulomatous with dark sclerotic bodies seen within leukocytes or giant cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    At what temperature does Sporothrix schenckii appear as a small budding yeast?

    <p>$35°C$</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the habitat of Sporothrix schenckii?

    <p>Tropical and temperate zones</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Sporotrichosis

    • Sporotrichosis is caused by the fungus Sporothrix schenckii.
    • At 35-37°C, Sporothrix schenckii appears as a small, cigar-shaped budding yeast in tissues or in vitro.
    • At 25°C, Sporothrix schenckii grows as a mold.

    Infection and Transmission

    • Sporothrix schenckii can be introduced into the body through traumatic injury, leading to sporotrichosis.
    • Lesions from trauma sites in sporotrichosis are described as nodular or ulcerative.

    Habitat and Characteristics

    • Sporothrix schenckii is found in soil, decaying organic matter, and plant material.
    • Lesions caused by Sporothrix schenckii are characterized by granulomatous inflammation and pyogranulomatous reactions.

    Diagnosis and Treatment

    • The antigenic structure used for diagnosis in sporotrichosis is exoantigen.
    • The drug of choice (DOC) for cutaneous sporotrichosis is itraconazole.
    • The DOC for actinomycotic mycetoma is sulfa-trimethoprim.

    Characteristics of Fungal Species

    • Fonsecaea compacta conidia are described as small, elliptical, and darkly pigmented.
    • C. carrionii produces branching chains of conidia through a process called "rachiform" conidiation.
    • Pathogenic species distinguish themselves from saprophytic dematiaceous molds by their ability to grow at 37°C.

    Mycetoma

    • The most common site of eumycotic mycetoma is the foot.
    • Eumycotic mycetoma is caused by fungal species, while actinomycotic mycetoma is caused by bacteria.
    • Chromoblastomycosis is characterized by slow, progressive granulomatous lesions and hyperplasia of epidermal tissue.

    Lesions and Outcomes

    • Lymphangitis sporotrichosis is characterized by a chain of nodules along the lymphatic channels.
    • Secondary infection, obstruction, and fibrosis of the lymph channels caused by Sporothrix schenckii or C. carrionii may result in elephantiasis-like lesions.
    • A rare outcome of C. carrionii infection may be the formation of multiple draining sinuses.

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    Description

    Test your knowledge about subcutaneous mycoses, focusing on the implicated fungi, modes of infection, and characteristics of sporotrichosis caused by Sporothrix schenckii.

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