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What are the primary clinical manifestations of progressive pulmonary disease caused by systemic mycoses?
What are the primary clinical manifestations of progressive pulmonary disease caused by systemic mycoses?
Cough, weight loss, chest pain, and fever.
What are the two species of Blastomyces responsible for blastomycosis?
What are the two species of Blastomyces responsible for blastomycosis?
Blastomyces dermatitidis and Blastomyces gilchristii.
How can systemic mycoses lead to skin and bone complications?
How can systemic mycoses lead to skin and bone complications?
It results in ulcerative lesions of the skin and bone.
What is the geographic distribution of blastomycosis?
What is the geographic distribution of blastomycosis?
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What makes Coccidioides one of the most virulent mycotic agents?
What makes Coccidioides one of the most virulent mycotic agents?
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What are the budding yeast cells characteristics seen in cutaneous and mucosal lesions for patients with immunocompromised conditions?
What are the budding yeast cells characteristics seen in cutaneous and mucosal lesions for patients with immunocompromised conditions?
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What are some clinical manifestations of chronic pulmonary histoplasmosis in patients with COPD?
What are some clinical manifestations of chronic pulmonary histoplasmosis in patients with COPD?
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How is Histoplasma capsulatum identified in laboratory diagnosis?
How is Histoplasma capsulatum identified in laboratory diagnosis?
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Describe the distribution and endemicity of Histoplasma capsulatum.
Describe the distribution and endemicity of Histoplasma capsulatum.
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What morphological changes occur to the mycelium of Histoplasma capsulatum as it matures?
What morphological changes occur to the mycelium of Histoplasma capsulatum as it matures?
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What does the clustered appearance of yeast cells in tissue suggest in histoplasmosis?
What does the clustered appearance of yeast cells in tissue suggest in histoplasmosis?
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List some alternative names for histoplasmosis.
List some alternative names for histoplasmosis.
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What are the possible severe outcomes of disseminated histoplasmosis in immunocompromised patients?
What are the possible severe outcomes of disseminated histoplasmosis in immunocompromised patients?
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What is a primary characteristic of the hyphae observed in Mucorales?
What is a primary characteristic of the hyphae observed in Mucorales?
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Describe the typical morphology of Syncephalastrum colonies.
Describe the typical morphology of Syncephalastrum colonies.
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How do rhizoids in Mucorales differ from those in Rhizopus spp.?
How do rhizoids in Mucorales differ from those in Rhizopus spp.?
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What is the unique feature of sporangiophores in some Mucorales?
What is the unique feature of sporangiophores in some Mucorales?
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What color variations are commonly observed in pathogenic species of Mucorales?
What color variations are commonly observed in pathogenic species of Mucorales?
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What type of arrangement do merosporangia have in Syncephalastrum?
What type of arrangement do merosporangia have in Syncephalastrum?
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Identify a key ecological niche where Mucorales are commonly found.
Identify a key ecological niche where Mucorales are commonly found.
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What notable feature allows some species of Mucorales to produce pigments?
What notable feature allows some species of Mucorales to produce pigments?
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What is the primary mode of transmission for coccidioidomycosis?
What is the primary mode of transmission for coccidioidomycosis?
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What are the preferred specimens for laboratory diagnosis of primary coccidioidomycosis?
What are the preferred specimens for laboratory diagnosis of primary coccidioidomycosis?
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What are some types of clinical infections associated with coccidioidomycosis?
What are some types of clinical infections associated with coccidioidomycosis?
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What microscopy techniques can enhance the detection of yeast cells in coccidioidomycosis?
What microscopy techniques can enhance the detection of yeast cells in coccidioidomycosis?
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Describe the morphology of the mold phase for coccidioidomycosis.
Describe the morphology of the mold phase for coccidioidomycosis.
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What clinical conditions may arise as allergic manifestations from coccidioidomycosis?
What clinical conditions may arise as allergic manifestations from coccidioidomycosis?
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What characteristic finding in microscopy can suggest a diagnosis of coccidioidomycosis?
What characteristic finding in microscopy can suggest a diagnosis of coccidioidomycosis?
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What evidence of strong immunity to reinfection can be detected in individuals with coccidioidomycosis?
What evidence of strong immunity to reinfection can be detected in individuals with coccidioidomycosis?
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What is a characteristic appearance of Cladosporium conidia?
What is a characteristic appearance of Cladosporium conidia?
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How are Curvularia conidia typically structured?
How are Curvularia conidia typically structured?
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In what type of patients is Curvularia commonly associated with chronic sinusitis?
In what type of patients is Curvularia commonly associated with chronic sinusitis?
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What is the reproductive characteristic that differentiates true yeasts from yeastlike fungi?
What is the reproductive characteristic that differentiates true yeasts from yeastlike fungi?
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What type of conidiophores do Curvularia produce?
What type of conidiophores do Curvularia produce?
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What color variations can be observed in the hyphae of Cladosporium?
What color variations can be observed in the hyphae of Cladosporium?
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What does an increased incidence of yeast infections indicate in clinical settings?
What does an increased incidence of yeast infections indicate in clinical settings?
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What distinguishes yeastlike fungi from true yeasts?
What distinguishes yeastlike fungi from true yeasts?
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What diagnostic methods are primarily used to identify Cryptococcus neoformans?
What diagnostic methods are primarily used to identify Cryptococcus neoformans?
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What characteristic appearance does Cryptococcus neoformans have when viewed under UV light?
What characteristic appearance does Cryptococcus neoformans have when viewed under UV light?
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What is the significance of blastoconidia in the characterization of Cryptococcus?
What is the significance of blastoconidia in the characterization of Cryptococcus?
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What type of infections is Cryptococcus neoformans primarily associated with?
What type of infections is Cryptococcus neoformans primarily associated with?
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What is the appearance of Pneumocystis jirovecii cysts when stained with silver stain?
What is the appearance of Pneumocystis jirovecii cysts when stained with silver stain?
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What does the term 'mucoid appearance' refer to in the context of Cryptococcus?
What does the term 'mucoid appearance' refer to in the context of Cryptococcus?
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How can Cryptococcus be visualized in cerebrospinal fluid?
How can Cryptococcus be visualized in cerebrospinal fluid?
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Which staining methods are mentioned for diagnosing Trichosporon species?
Which staining methods are mentioned for diagnosing Trichosporon species?
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Study Notes
Subcutaneous Mycoses
- Affect subcutaneous tissue
- Usually result from foreign objects implanting into the skin, allowing fungi from soil or decaying matter to enter the host.
- Causative organisms are commonly found in soil or decaying vegetation.
- Infections are categorized based on the disease process they cause.
- Chromoblastomycosis, a fatal fungal infection, is prevalent in Arizona and California.
- Other types of chromoblastomycosis include verrucous dermatitidis and nodules that become ulcerated or crusted.
- Chronic infection typically develops months to years after traumatic inoculation.
Chromoblastomycosis Manifestations
- Lesions can manifest in various ways, including:
- Lower leg lesion (lasting 3 months)
- Confluent nodular lesions (on the knee)
- Cauliflower-like or tumor-like lesions
- Lesions with serpiginous and verrucous contours (showing scarring)
Chromoblastomycosis Diagnosis
- KOH (10-40%) analysis
- Histopathology (finding muriform cells, which are sclerotic bodies. These are usually 5-12 micrometers in diameter.)
- Direct mycological examination
- Immunodiagnosis
Agents of Chromoblastomycosis
- Cladophialophora: Septate hyphae found inside tissue, and hyphae can be found in joints.
- Phialophora: Sclerotic bodies and hyphae are present in the subcutaneous tissue.
- Fonsecaea: Sclerotic bodies are observed in subcutaneous and lung tissue
Additional Information
- ELISA is used to identify the presence of specific antigens from chromoblastomycosis
- Microscopic morphology of various fungi causing chromoblastomycosis is detailed in table 27-2, showing characteristics like conidiogenous cells, conidia, and conidiophores.
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Description
Test your knowledge on subcutaneous mycoses, particularly chromoblastomycosis, and its manifestations. This quiz covers the causative organisms, clinical presentations, and diagnostic techniques associated with this fungal infection. Learn how environmental factors contribute to the disease process and explore the various lesions that can develop over time.