Gr 8 Natural Sciences Ch 2.1: Sub-atomic particles

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Questions and Answers

What is the central part of an atom that contains protons and neutrons?

  • Atomic nucleus (correct)
  • Electron shell
  • Electron cloud
  • Proton cluster

What determines the atomic number and identity of an element?

  • Mass of the nucleus
  • Number of electrons
  • Number of protons (correct)
  • Number of neutrons

What is the charge of neutrons?

  • Varies
  • Neutral (correct)
  • Positive
  • Negative

What is the role of neutrons in the atomic nucleus?

<p>To stabilize the nucleus (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the location of electrons in an atom?

<p>In the electron cloud (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the electrical charge of electrons?

<p>Negative (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of the number of neutrons in an atom?

<p>Determines the atomic mass (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for particles smaller than an atom that make up its structure?

<p>Sub-atomic particles (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What attracts electrons to the nucleus?

<p>The positively charged protons (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of electrons in terms of size?

<p>They are much smaller than protons and neutrons (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What determines the chemical properties and reactivity of an element?

<p>The arrangement of electrons in the outermost shell (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the modern model of the atom referred to as?

<p>The electron cloud model (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of pure substances?

<p>They consist of only one type of matter throughout (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is understanding pure substances important in chemistry?

<p>It provides a baseline for how elements and compounds behave when not mixed with other materials (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What keeps electrons in orbit around the nucleus?

<p>The positively charged protons (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of valence electrons?

<p>They are involved in chemical bonding (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the electron cloud model used for?

<p>To understand the behavior of atoms in chemical reactions (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is an example of a pure substance?

<p>Water (H2O) (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is understanding pure substances important in chemistry?

<p>To provide a baseline for studying chemical reactions and properties (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is characteristic of electrons in terms of their size compared to protons and neutrons?

<p>They are smaller (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of protons in an atom?

<p>To attract electrons to the nucleus (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about neutrons is true?

<p>Neutrons contribute to the atomic mass of an atom (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference between protons and neutrons?

<p>Their electrical charge (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which sub-atomic particles are responsible for the overall charge of an atom?

<p>Protons and electrons (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between the number of protons and the identity of an element?

<p>The number of protons determines the atomic number of an element (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the region around the atomic nucleus where electrons are likely to be found?

<p>Electron cloud (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of protons in the atomic nucleus?

<p>They determine the atomic number and identity of an element (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference between electrons and protons?

<p>Their electrical charge (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary reason why electrons are arranged in a specific way in an atom?

<p>To achieve a stable arrangement of electrons in the outermost shell (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the key characteristic of pure substances that makes them essential for studying chemical reactions?

<p>Their uniform composition throughout (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the electron cloud model primarily used to understand?

<p>The behavior of atoms in different chemical reactions (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of valence electrons in chemical bonding?

<p>They are particularly important for forming chemical bonds (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary difference between electrons and protons in terms of their size?

<p>Electrons are smaller than protons (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the nucleus in the electron cloud model?

<p>It is a dense, positively charged region (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary reason for the existence of neutrons in the atomic nucleus?

<p>To stabilize the nucleus by reducing electrostatic repulsion between protons (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of the number of protons in an atom?

<p>It determines the atomic number and identity of an element (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between protons and electrons in an atom?

<p>Protons attract electrons, while electrons repel protons (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the region around the atomic nucleus where electrons are likely to be found?

<p>Electron cloud (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of electrons in terms of their size compared to protons and neutrons?

<p>Electrons are smaller than protons and neutrons (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of the atomic number of an element?

<p>It determines the identity of an element (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of protons in the atomic nucleus?

<p>To determine the atomic number and identity of an element (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of electrons in an atom?

<p>To orbit the nucleus and maintain the atom's structure (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary reason electrons are attracted to the nucleus?

<p>Because of the positive charge of protons (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of valence electrons in an element?

<p>They are involved in chemical bonding (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is an essential characteristic of pure substances?

<p>They consist of only one type of matter throughout (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the electron cloud model used to understand?

<p>The behavior and interaction of atoms in different chemical reactions (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of electrons in terms of their size compared to protons and neutrons?

<p>They are much smaller than protons and neutrons, approximately 1/2000th their size (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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