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What is the charge of a proton?
The number of neutrons in an atom determines the element of an atom.
False
What is the approximate mass of a proton in atomic mass units (amu)?
1 amu
The electron cloud surrounding the nucleus is divided into energy levels or ______________________.
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What type of nuclear reaction involves the splitting of a heavy nucleus into two or more lighter nuclei?
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Electrons have a significant mass compared to protons and neutrons.
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What is the term for the electrons in the outermost energy level of an atom?
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The ______________________ of an atom determines the isotope of an element.
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MATTER AND CLASSIFICATION STATES OF MATTER AND THE KINETIC MOLECULR THEORY THE ATOM THE PERIODIC TABLE CHEMICAL BONDING PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL CHANGE REPRESENTING CHMICAL CHANGE QUANTITATIVE ASPECTS OF CHEMICALCHANGE GRAD E10 WORK
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Match the following subatomic particles with their charge:
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Study Notes
Atoms
Protons
- Positively charged subatomic particles
- Found in the nucleus of an atom
- Number of protons determines the element of an atom (atomic number)
- Protons have a mass of approximately 1 atomic mass unit (amu)
Neutrons
- Neutral subatomic particles
- Found in the nucleus of an atom
- Number of neutrons determines the isotope of an element
- Neutrons have a mass of approximately 1 amu
Electrons
- Negatively charged subatomic particles
- Found in the electron cloud surrounding the nucleus
- Number of electrons is equal to the number of protons in a neutral atom
- Electrons have a negligible mass compared to protons and neutrons
Nuclear Reactions
- Reactions involving changes to the nucleus of an atom
- Types of nuclear reactions:
- Radioactive decay: spontaneous emission of radiation from an unstable nucleus
- Fission: splitting of a heavy nucleus into two or more lighter nuclei
- Fusion: combination of two or more light nuclei into a heavier nucleus
Atomic Structure
- The nucleus is surrounded by an electron cloud
- Electron cloud is divided into energy levels or shells
- Each energy level can hold a specific number of electrons
- Electrons in the outermost energy level are called valence electrons
Chemical Bonds
- Formed when atoms share or exchange electrons to achieve a stable electron configuration
- Types of chemical bonds:
- Ionic bonds: formed when electrons are transferred between atoms
- Covalent bonds: formed when electrons are shared between atoms
- Hydrogen bonds: weak bonds between atoms with a hydrogen atom bonded to a highly electronegative atom
- Metallic bonds: formed when electrons are delocalized in a metal lattice
Atoms
Subatomic Particles
- Protons are positively charged and found in the nucleus, with a mass of approximately 1 amu.
- Neutrons are neutral and found in the nucleus, with a mass of approximately 1 amu.
- Electrons are negatively charged and found in the electron cloud, with a negligible mass.
Atomic Number and Isotopes
- The number of protons determines the element of an atom (atomic number).
- The number of neutrons determines the isotope of an element.
Electron Cloud
- The electron cloud is divided into energy levels or shells.
- Each energy level can hold a specific number of electrons.
- Valence electrons are electrons in the outermost energy level.
Nuclear Reactions
- Radioactive decay is the spontaneous emission of radiation from an unstable nucleus.
- Fission is the splitting of a heavy nucleus into two or more lighter nuclei.
- Fusion is the combination of two or more light nuclei into a heavier nucleus.
Chemical Bonds
- Ionic bonds are formed when electrons are transferred between atoms.
- Covalent bonds are formed when electrons are shared between atoms.
- Hydrogen bonds are weak bonds between atoms with a hydrogen atom bonded to a highly electronegative atom.
- Metallic bonds are formed when electrons are delocalized in a metal lattice.
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Description
Learn about the structure of atoms, including protons, neutrons, and electrons, and their properties and roles in the atom.
